61 research outputs found
Environmental Hazard Assessment of Jarosite Waste Using Batch Leaching Tests
Jarosite waste samples from TrepƧa Zinc Industry in Kosovo were subjected to two batch leaching tests as an attempt to characterize the leaching behavior and mobility of minor and major elements of jarosite waste. To achieve this, deionized water and synthetic
acidic rain leaching tests were employed. A two-step acidic treatment in microwave digestion system were used to dissolve jarosite waste samples, followed by determination of Al, Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, P, Pb, S, Si, Sr, and Zn by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The validation of the procedure was performed by the analysis of two geochemical reference materials, S JR-3 and S Jsy-1. Two toxicity leaching tests revealed a high metal releasing of Cd, Cu, Ni, Mn, Pb, Zn, and As, and the metal release risk for these elements is still very high due the low pH and acid rain. The statistical analysis showed useful data information on the relationship between elements in jarosite samples in two different extraction conditions (deionized water and synthetic acid rain).
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AN APPROACH TO TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION NETWORK CONNECTION CHARGES
U Älanku se izlažu rezultati obrade i analize osnovnih znaÄajki i postavki pristupa naknadi za prikljuÄak kupca i proizvoÄaÄa elektriÄne energije na elektroenergetske prijenosne i distribucijske mreže. Iskazuju se obuhvati i znaÄenja osnovnih ili modificiranih varijanti pristupa naknadi za prikljuÄak Å”irem kontekstu elektroenergetskog sustava i tržiÅ”ta elektriÄne energije. Svi navedeni aspekti ilustriraju se na dostupnim svjetskim rjeÅ”enjima i iskustvima, te na rezultatima analogne metodoloÅ”ke obrade koja je primijenjena na umrežene cjevovodne energetske toplinske i plinske sustave. Namjera autora je ukazati na bitne znaÄajke i postavke razliÄitih pristupa naknadama za prikljuÄak, važnost razvidnosti odnosa naknada za prikljuÄak i naknada za koriÅ”tenje mreža, te posljedice razliÄitih pristupa za korisnike mreže, posebno proizvodne objekte obnovljivih izvora energije.The article sets out the results of elaboration and analysis of the basic features and premises for an approach to charges for connecting consumer and generator of electricity to the transmission and distribution network. The scope and significances of basic and modified versions of approaches to connection charge in the general context of electrical energy system and the electrical energy market are shown. All the aspects are illustrated from available world experience and practice as well as according to results of analogous methodological treatment applied to networked thermal energy and gas piping systems. It is the intention of the authors to draw attention to the essential features and assumptions of the different approaches to connection charges, the importance of transparency in the relations between connection charges and network use charges, and the consequences of different approaches to network users, particularly of renewable energy source generating plants
Molecular identification of a phytoplasma infecting grapevine in the Republic of Macedonia
Phytoplasmas from the ribosomal subgroup 16SrXII-A (stolbur) were identified by PCR and RFLP analyses of 16S rRNA gene and elongation factor-Tu phytoplasma gene (tuf) in symptomatic grapevines from the Veles and Skopje areas in Macedonia. Two methods were used for nucleic acid extraction. Amplification and RFLP results of 16S rDNA were not influenced by the method used, but RFLP patterns of tuf gene revealed additional bands if a less time consuming method was applied. The possible origin of these bands is discussed. This is the first report of the presence of the stolbur phytoplasma in cvs Chardonnay and Vranac in Macedonia.
Electrochemical Characterization of Bronze Exposed to Outdoor Atmosphere
The aim of this work was to examine corrosion behaviour of bare and artificial patinated bronzes during exposure to urban outdoor atmosphere. Studies were conducted on copper and two different bronzes in order to evaluate the influence of substrate composition
on patina composition and electrochemical behaviour. Additionally, two different patination methods were compared. Corrosion behaviour was examined using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy with gel-electrolyte electrochemical cell. The composition of patina was determined by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. The obtained results showed that all studied artificial patinas initially decrease the corrosion resistance of copper and bronzes but in time their corrosion resistance improves, and even for certain combinations, artificial patina-bronze corrosion resistance is higher than that of naturally patinated bronze.
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Microstructure Analysis of Thermally Etched Alumina Ceramics
U radu je opisan postupak pripreme aluminij-oksidne (Al2O3) keramike visoko Äiste, oblikovane hladnim izostatiÄkim preÅ”anjem. Mikrostruktura pripravljene keramike analizirana je optiÄkim mikroskopom (OM), pretražnim elektronskim mikroskopom (SEM) te mikroskopom atomskih sila (AFM). Na poliranom uzorku odreÄen je udjel pora, a nakon toplinskog nagrizanja odreÄena je veliÄina zrna. ProsjeÄni promjer zrna odreÄen je metodom kruga, metodom crte te analizom slike.Ceramography is the art and science of preparation, examination, and evaluation of ceramic microstructures. Microstructure is the structure level approximately 0.1 to 100 Ī¼ m between the wavelength of visible light and the resolution limit of the naked eye. The microstructure includes most grains, secondary phases, grain boundaries, pores, microcracks, hardness microindentations. Investigation and evaluation of ceramic microstructure is very important because a number of mechanical, optical, thermal, electrical and other properties of ceramics are significantly affected by the microstructure. The techniques for ceramographic preparation are divided into five parts: sawing, mounting, grinding, polishing and etching.
In this paper a method for preparation of a cold isostatically pressed high purity alumina ceramics (Ī±-Al2O3) is described. Microstructure analysis of prepared ceramics was performed by means of optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Porosity is determined on the polished sample; grain size is measured after thermal etching. The mean grain diameter is determined by means of lineal-intercept method, circular-intercept method and image analysis
Training of adult psychiatrists and child and adolescent psychiatrists in europe : a systematic review of training characteristics and transition from child/adolescent to adult mental health services
BACKGROUND:Profound clinical, conceptual and ideological differences between child and adult mental health service models contribute to transition-related discontinuity of care. Many of these may be related to psychiatry training. METHODS:A systematic review on General Adult Psychiatry (GAP) and Child and Adult Psychiatry (CAP) training in Europe, with a particular focus on transition as a theme in GAP and CAP training. RESULTS:Thirty-four full-papers, six abstracts and seven additional full text documents were identified. Important variations between countries were found across several domains including assessment of trainees, clinical and educational supervision, psychotherapy training and continuing medical education. Three models of training were identified: i) a generalist common training programme; ii) totally separate training programmes; iii) mixed types. Only two national training programs (UK and Ireland) were identified to have addressed transition as a topic, both involving CAP exclusively. CONCLUSION:Three models of training in GAP and CAP across Europe are identified, suggesting that the harmonization is not yet realised and a possible barrier to improving transitional care. Training in transition has only recently been considered. It is timely, topical and important to develop evidence-based training approaches on transitional care across Europe into both CAP and GAP training
Relationship Between Osteonecrosis of the Jaw and Bisphosphonate Treatment
Terapija bisfosfonatima i njezina etiopatogenetska povezanost s aseptiÄkom osteonekrozom Äeljusti važan je javnozdravstveni problem danaÅ”njice. Svrha je rada pregledom suvremene znanstvene literature utvrditi posljedice viÅ”estrukog djelovanja bisfosfonata (antiosteoklastiÄna aktivnost, citotoksiÄnost na meka i
koÅ”tana tkiva, antiangiogeneza, genski Äimbenici, poremeÄena ravnoteža izmeÄu osteoklasta i osteoblasta).
Terapija bisfosfonatima jedan je od najÄeÅ”Äih uzroka razvoja osteonekroze Äeljusti. EpidemioloÅ”ki podaci pokazuju da se javlja u bolesnika koji su uzimali jedan ili kombinanciju nitrogenih bisfosfonata. Najvažniji
Äimbenici rizika za ovu nuspojavu su vrsta bisfosfonata (napose visokopotentni pamidronat i zoledronat koji se daju intravenski), njihova doza i duljina medikacije te vrsta bolesti zbog koje se propisuje terapija.
Pojava osteonekroze Äeljusti zabilježena je uglavnom u onkoloÅ”kih bolesnika i u samo 5 % bolesnika s osteoporozom koji su lijeÄeni bisfosfonatima. U patogenezi osteonekroze povezane s bisfosfonatima važno je, sa stajaliÅ”ta dentalnomedicinske prakse, dobro opÄe oralno zdravlje jer se osteonekroza javlja napose
nakon prethodnoga parodontoloŔkog i oralnokirurŔkog zahvata.Bisphosphonate treatment and its aetiopathogenic association with aseptic osteonecrosis of the jaw is one of the more prominent public health issues today. The aim of this review is to see into the mechanisms of bisphosphonate effects on bones described in literature (anti-osteoclastic activity, cytotoxicity, antiangiogenesis, genetic factors, and imbalance between osteoclasts and osteoblasts). Bisphosphonate treatment is the dominant cause of jaw necrosis. Epidemiological data show an exclusive incidence of osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients who took one or a combination of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates. Risk factors vary by the bisphosphonate potency (particularly risky are the highly potent pamidronate and zoledronate, which are given intravenously), dosage, duration of treatment, and the illness. Jaw necrosis is most common in oncology patients, and only 5 % in patients with osteoporosis. From a dental-medical point of view, a good oral health is important because osteonecrosis often appears after a periodontal or oral surgical procedure
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