H-1-MRS of femoral red and yellow bone marrow fat composition and water content in healthy young men and women at 3 T

Objectives There is a discrepancy between studies suggesting that higher bone marrow fat saturation is associated with impaired health, and studies suggesting that erythropoiesis increases red bone marrow (RBM) fat saturation in young healthy individuals. Here, we seeked to elucidate these discrepancies by using long TE magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to study both yellow bone marrow (YBM) and RBM in the femur of healthy volunteers. Materials and methods Thirty-three young healthy volunteers (17 females), age range 20-31 years, underwent long TE H-1 MRS at 3.0 T of RBM and YBM fat composition in the left femur. The water content of the bone marrow depots was measured using short TE MRS. Results The female participants displayed a lower unsaturation in the sampled RBM volume (RBMV) than the males (P <0.01) without displaying a concomitant difference in YBM (P = 0.42). They also showed a higher water content and broader spectral linewidths in RBM (P = 0.04). The water content in RBM strongly associated with broader spectral linewidths (R = 0.887, P MUCH LESS-THAN 0.01) and inversely with RBMV fat unsaturation (R = - 0.365, P = 0.04). Discussion These results partly support the notion that females display higher rate of erythropoiesis and lower fat unsaturation in RBM.Peer reviewe

No association between variation in the NR4A1 gene locus and metabolic traits in white subjects at increased risk for type 2 diabetes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The nuclear receptor NR4A1 is implicated in metabolic regulation in insulin-sensitive tissues, such as liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle. Functional loss of NR4A1 results in insulin resistance and enhanced intramuscular and hepatic lipid content. Therefore, we investigated in a cohort of white European subjects at increased risk for type 2 diabetes whether genetic variation within the <it>NR4A1 </it>gene locus contributes to prediabetic phenotypes, such as insulin resistance, ectopic fat distribution, or β-cell dysfunction.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We genotyped 1495 subjects (989 women, 506 men) for five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) tagging 100% of common variants (MAF = 0.05) within the <it>NR4A1 </it>gene locus with an r²= 0.8. All subjects underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), a subset additionally had a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (n = 506). Ectopic hepatic (n = 296) and intramyocellular (n = 264) lipids were determined by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Peak aerobic capacity, a surrogate parameter for oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle, was measured by an incremental exercise test on a motorized treadmill (n = 270).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>After appropriate adjustment and Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons, none of the five SNPs was reliably associated with insulin sensitivity, ectopic fat distribution, peak aerobic capacity, or indices of insulin secretion (all p ≥ 0.05).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our data suggest that common genetic variation within the <it>NR4A1 </it>gene locus may not play a major role in the development of prediabetic phenotypes in our white European population.</p

Anxiety disorders as predictors of suicidality in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Findings of a study in six European countries.

Objectives: Anxiety disorders are significant predictors of suicidality and are proposed to be independent risk factors for suicide attempts. They are common in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and are associated with longer duration of diabetes and poorer treatment outcomes. The aim was to examine associations between anxiety disorders and suicidal thoughts and behaviour in people with T2DM, to establish the prevalence of suicidality among people with T2DM in the selected European countries and to examine whether anxiety disorders were predictive of current outcomes of suicidality in this population using data from the International Prevalence and Treatment of Diabetes and Depression study. Methods: The study sample comprised 1063 adults with T2DM from 6 European countries. The presence of anxiety disorders and suicidality was assessed with the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview. The group of participants with current suicidal risk was compared with the group of participants with no suicidal risk. Results: The participants from Germany were more likely to report suicidality than those from other countries, whereas people from Serbia and Ukraine were less likely to report it. Depression and anxiety disorders significantly contributed to the increased presence of suicidality among people with T2DM. Agoraphobia was a significant predictor of suicidality when controlling for depression. The participants with T2DM and comorbid agoraphobia had 4.86 times higher odds to report suicidality than those without agoraphobia. Conclusions: Agoraphobia was a significant predictor of suicidality in people with T2D

An 8-week diet high in cereal fiber and coffee but free of red meat does not improve beta-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial

Background: Higher dietary intake of fibers and coffee, but lower red meat intake is associated with reduced risk for type 2 diabetes in epidemiological studies. We hypothesized that a calorie-restricted diet, which is high in fiber and coffee, but free of red meat, improves beta-cell function in patients with T2D. Methods: In a randomized parallel-group pilot trial, obese type 2 diabetes patients were randomly allocated to consume either a diet high in cereal fiber and coffee, but free of red meat (n = 17) (L-RISK) or a diet low in fiber, free of coffee but high in red meat (n = 20) (H-RISK) for 8 weeks. Insulin secretion was assessed from glucagon stimulation tests (GST) and mixed-meal tolerance tests (MMTT) before and after dietary intervention. Results: Both diets resulted in comparable reduction of fasting concentrations of insulin (H-RISK -28% vs. L-RISK -32%, both p &lt; 0.01), C-peptide (H-RISK -26% vs. L-RISK -30%, both p &lt; 0.01) and blood glucose (H-RISK -6.8%, p &lt; 0.05 vs. L-RISK -10%, p &lt; 0.01). Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) secretion increased by 24% after 8 weeks in the L-RISK only (p &lt; 0.01). However, GST and MMTT showed no differences in insulin secretion after intervention. Conclusions: Calorie restriction independent of the intake of fiber, coffee or meat failed to improve beta-cell function, but improved GIP secretion in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Trial registration: Registration at Clinicaltrials.gov, Identifier number: NCT01409330 , Registered 4 August 2011 – Retrospectively registered