Dichloridobis(di-tert-butylmethylphosphine oxide-[kappa]O)diphenyltin(IV)

The complete molecule of the title compound, [Sn(C6H5)2Cl2(C9H21OP)2], is generated by crystallographic inversion symmetry, the Sn atom is located on a special position of site symmetry \overline{1}. The Sn atom adopts an all-trans SnC2O2Cl2 octahedral geometry. As a consequence of the bulky substituents at the O atom, the P-O-Sn bond angle is 163.9 (3)°. Key indicators: single-crystal X-ray study; T = 173 K; mean σ(C–C) = 0.012 Å; R factor = 0.058; wR factor = 0.099; data-to-parameter ratio = 18.6

Red List and checklist of the caddisflies

Aus Berlin sind bis heute 108 Köcherfliegenarten bekannt. Davon wurden 44 Arten (41 %) in die Rote Liste aufgenommen. Die jetzige Neufassung der Roten Liste weist einige wesentliche Veränderungen gegenüber den Vorgängerlisten auf: In den früheren Versionen waren auch Arten enthalten, die nicht in Berlin, sondern im Umland der Stadt nachgewiesen wurden. Diese Arten wurden aus der Liste gestrichen. Aufgrund der schlechten Datenlage wurde in den Vorgängerlisten die Häufigkeit einiger Fließgewässerarten von Brandenburg auf Berlin übertragen. Durch das Wasserrahmenrichtlinien-Monitoring existiert heute eine deutlich bessere Datenbasis für die Fließgewässer Berlins. Dadurch kommt es zu einer abweichenden Einstufung bei einigen Arten, die nicht auf Bestandsentwicklungen beruht. Aufgrund aktueller Untersuchungen seit 2004 sind sechs Neuzugänge zu verzeichnen. Da der Altdatenbestand nicht für eine belastbare Abschätzung von Bestandstrends ausreicht, wird in der Liste auf deren Angabe grundsätzlich verzichtet.Up to now, 108 caddisfly species are known from the territory of Berlin. Of these, 44 species (41 %) are included in the Red List. The actual version of the Red List contains some significant changes compared to previous lists. Earlier lists included some species recorded not in Berlin but in the surroundings of the city. These species were removed from the present list. Due to the lack of sufficient data, the abundance of some species with larvae in flowing water in Berlin was inferred from the abundance in Brandenburg. Investigations in the framework of the federal water guideline have led to a clear improvement of data. This resulted in a different classification of some species that is not related to changes in the abundance. Since 2004, six species were recorded for the first time in Berlin. No trends are presented in the current Red List because the dataset of older records is insufficient for assessing trends in abundance

Descriptions of two new species of Tarachoptera from Burmese amber (Insecta, Amphiesmenoptera: Tarachoptera)

Bei der Untersuchung von Inklusen des Burma Bernsteins wurden drei Exemplare aus der Ordnung Tarachoptera gefunden. Die Tiere sind hinreichend gut erhalten und erlauben die Bestimmung und Beschreibung dieser fossilen Insekten. Sie gehören zur Familie Tarachocelidae und werden hier beschrieben als Kinitocelis macroptera spec. nov. (†) und Retortocelis spicipalpia spec. nov. (†). Die bisher aufgestellten Taxa der Tarachoptera werden in einer checklist zusammengefasst.   Nomenklatorische Handlungen Kinitocelis macroptera Mey & Wichard, spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E0B1624A-C69E-4B53-851F-4368AC21C614Retortocelis spicipalpia Mey & Wichard, spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9778E7E2-EEFE-4DC5-B891-54DF114D525CDuring examination of new material of Burmese amber three individuals of Tarachoptera were discovered. The inclusions are sufficiently well preserved and allow identification and description of these rare, fossil insects. The species belong to the family Tarachocelidae and are described as Kinitocelis macroptera spec. nov. (†) and Retortocelis spicipalpia spec. nov. (†). The species and their preservations are described in detail, and photos and line drawings are provided for wing venation, head, mouthparts, and abdomen. The hitherto described species of Tarachoptera are summarized in a checklist.   Taxonomic acts Kinitocelis macroptera Mey & Wichard, spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E0B1624A-C69E-4B53-851F-4368AC21C614Retortocelis spicipalpia Mey & Wichard, spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9778E7E2-EEFE-4DC5-B891-54DF114D525

Implantable defibrillator event rates in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, nonsustained ventricular tachycardia on Holter and a left ventricular ejection fraction below 30%

AbstractObjectivesThis study investigated the incidence of appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) interventions for ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) and nonsustained VT in the presence of a left ventricular ejection fraction below 30%, versus in patients with syncope and patients with a history of VT or VF.BackgroundTo date, only limited information is available about the prophylactic use of ICDs in patients with IDC.MethodsFrom January 1993 to July 2000, 101 patients with IDC underwent implantation of ICDs with electrogram storage capability at our institution. Patients were placed into one of three groups according to their clinical presentation: asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic nonsustained VT in the presence of a left ventricular ejection fraction ≤30% (49 patients, prophylactic group), unexplained syncope or near syncope (26 patients, syncope group) and a history of sustained VT or VF (26 patients, VT/VF group).ResultsDuring 36 ± 22 months follow-up, 18 of 49 patients (37%) in the prophylactic group received appropriate shocks for VT or VF, compared with 8 of 26 patients (31%) in the syncope group and with 9 of 26 patients (35%) of the VT/VF group. Multivariate Cox analysis of baseline clinical variables identified left ventricular ejection fraction, atrial fibrillation and a history of sustained VT or VF as predictors for appropriate ICD interventions during follow-up.ConclusionPatients with IDC and prophylactic ICD implantation for nonsustained VT in the presence of a left ventricular ejection fraction ≤30% had an incidence of appropriate ICD interventions similar to that of patients with a history of syncope or sustained VT or VF. These findings indicate that ICDs may have a role in not only secondary but also primary prevention of sudden death in IDC

Introduction of micro-sprinkler systems to mango production into theuplands Northern Thailand

In order to asses water saving potentials of advanced irrigation methods in irrigated mango production in Northern Thailand, micro sprinklers have been introduced and compared into the area. Three micro sprinkler treatments were established on two commercial orchards: a. Full irrigation based on climate data, b. Partial Rootzone Drying, c. Farmer?s decision. These treatments were compared to the traditional irrigation methods. It was found that by the introduction of micro sprinklers, farmers were able to increase their water use efficiency, while the fruit size distribution was more favourable for export marketing

Alternate furrow irrigation of four fresh-market tomato cultivars under semi-arid condition of Ethiopia – Part I: Effect on fruit yield and quality

Scarcity of freshwater due to recurrent drought threatens the sustainable crop production in semi-arid regions of Ethiopia. Deficit irrigation is thought to be one of the promising strategies to increase water use efficiency (WUE) under scarce water resources. A study was carried out to investigate the effect of alternate furrow irrigation (AFI), deficit irrigation (DI) and full irrigation (FI) on marketable fruit yield, WUE and physio-chemical quality of four fresh-market tomato cultivars (Fetan, Chali, Cochoro and ARP Tomato d2) in 2013 and 2014. The results showed that marketable yield, numbers of fruits per plant and fruit size were not significantly affected by AFI and DI irrigations. WUE under AFI and DI increased by 36.7% and 26.1%, respectively with close to 30% irrigation water savings achieved. A different response of cultivars to irrigation treatments was found for marketable yield, number of fruits and fruit size, WUE, total soluble solids (TSS) of the fruit juice, titratable acids (TA) and skin thickness. Cochoro and Fetan performed well under both deficit irrigation treatments exhibited by bigger fruit size which led to higher WUE. ARP Tomato d2 showed good yields under well-watered conditions. Chali had consistently lower marketable fruit yield and WUE. TSS and TA tended to increase under deficit irrigation; however, the overall variations were more explained by irrigation treatments than by cultivars. It was shown that AFI is a suitable deficit irrigation practice to increase fresh yield, WUE and quality of tomato in areas with low water availability. However, AFI requires suitable cultivars in order to exploit its water saving potential

Alternate furrow irrigation of four fresh-market tomato cultivars under semi-arid condition of Ethiopia – Part II: Physiological response

Understanding the variation in physiological response to deficit irrigation together with better knowledge on physiological characteristics of different genotypes that contribute to drought adaptation mechanisms would be helpful in transferring different irrigation technologies to farmers. A field experiment was carried to investigate the physiological response of four tomato cultivars (Fetan, Chali, Cochoro and ARP Tomato d2) to moderate water deficit induced by alternate furrow irrigation (AFI) and deficit irrigation (DI) under semi-arid condition of Ethiopia during 2013 and 2014. The study also aimed at identifying physiological attributes to the fruit yield of tomato under different deficit irrigation techniques. A factorial combination of irrigation treatments and cultivar were arranged in a complete randomized design with three replicates. Results showed that stomatal conductance (g_s) was significantly reduced while photosynthetic performance measured as chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv’/Fm’), relative water content (RWC) and leaf ash content remained unaffected under deficit irrigations. Significant differences among cultivars were found for water use efficiency (WUE), g_s, chlorophyll content (ChlSPAD), normal difference vegetation index (NDVI), leaf ash content and fruit growth rate. However, cultivar differences in WUE were more accounted for by the regulation of g_s, therefore, g_s could be useful for breeders for screening large numbers of genotypes with higher WUE under deficit irrigation condition. The study result also demonstrated that cultivar with traits that contribute to achieve higher yields under deficit irrigation strategies has the potential to increase WUE

Anthropometry and Dietary Intake before and during a Competition in Mountain Runners

Mountain running is a non-Olympic sport consisting of uphill or up- and downhill races at moderate-to-high altitude. Special nutritional requirements are anticipated, but no nutritional data of mountain runners are available. In three studies, physique of elite and recreational athletes (N=62), maximum oxygen uptake (N=3), and prerace and race day dietary intake (N=6) were measured (mean ± SD). Mean oxygen uptake was 68.7±5.2 mL/kg/min. Energy and carbohydrate intake before a race (29±15 km, 1596±556 m HD) was 3199±701 kcal/d (13.4±2.9 MJ/d) and 497±128 g/d (8.3±1.8 g/kg/d) in German national team members. Fluid intake was calculated as 2783±1543 mL/d. During the race, athletes consumed 336±364 kcal and 927±705 mL of fluids. Substrate intake per hour was calculated as 23±22 g of carbohydrates and 4.0±3.2 g of proteins. In conclusion, anthropometric and oxygen uptake characteristics of mountain runners were similar to those reported for elite distance runners. Carbohydrate intake before and during the race was below recommendations for endurance athletes. This is of concern when considering the increased reliance on carbohydrates at altitude

Severe Weight Loss and Its Association with Fatigue in Old Patients at Discharge from a Geriatric Hospital

Although malnutrition is frequent in the old, little is known about its association with fatigue. We evaluated the relation of self-reported severe weight loss with fatigue and the predictors for fatigue in old patients at hospital discharge. Severe weight loss was defined according to involuntary weight loss ≥5% in the last three months. We determined fatigue with the validated Brief Fatigue Inventory questionnaire. The regression analyses were adjusted for age, sex, number of comorbidities, medications/day, and BMI. Of 424 patients aged between 61 and 98 y, 34.1% had severe weight loss. Fatigue was higher in patients with severe weight loss (3.7 ± 2.3 vs. 3.2 ± 2.3 points, p = 0.021). In a multinomial regression model, weight loss was independently associated with higher risk for moderate fatigue (OR:1.172, CI:1.026-1.338, p = 0.019) and with increased risk for severe fatigue (OR:1.209, CI:1.047-1.395, p = 0.010) together with the number of medications/day (OR:1.220, CI:1.023-1.455, p = 0.027). In a binary regression model, severe weight loss predicted moderate-to-severe fatigue in the study population (OR:1.651, CI:1.052-2.590, p = 0.029). In summary, patients with self-reported severe weight loss at hospital discharge exhibited higher fatigue levels and severe weight loss was an independent predictor of moderate and severe fatigue, placing these patients at risk for impaired outcome in the post-hospital period

Extrinsic allergic alveolitis caused by misting fountains

SummaryRecently, an increasing number of patients were presented to our clinics with febrile and respiratory symptoms associated with exposure to a new type of domestic ultrasonic humidifier.We report on 11 patients who developed recurrent episodes of fever, cough and dyspnea after repeated exposure to ultrasonic misting fountains at home. A diagnosis of extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA) or toxic alveolitis was made on the basis of the history and the clinical, radiological, laboratory and immunological findings. Eight patients were subjected to inhalative challenge tests with their own ultrasonic misting fountains, and all of them exhibited positive reactions.Nine patients were diagnosed with an EAA (humidifier lung) and two patients with a toxic alveolitis (humidifier fever).This study demonstrates the potential for ultrasonic misting fountains to cause illness in the home. In view of the increasing popularity of these devices, humidifier lung and humidifier fever should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with unexplained pulmonary or flu-like illnesses with fever