GWN-3189 B – Ein neues selektives Herbizid mit dem Wirkstoff Triallate zur Bekämpfung resistenter Ungräser in Getreide

Mit einer neuen CS-Formulierung bringt Gowan ein neues selektives Herbizid (GWN-3189 B) mit dem Wirkstoff Triallate auf den Markt zum Einsatz in Winterweizen, Wintergerste, Winterroggen, Wintertriticale und Sommergerste. GWN-3189 B kann vom Vorauflauf bis zum frühen Nachauflauf der Kultur eingesetzt werden und weist ein breites Wirkungsspektrum gegen Schadgräser auf. GWN-3189 B ist in allen Getreidearten gut pflanzenverträglich. In seiner Eigenschaft als Bodenherbizid bieten sich bei dem Mittel interessante Alternativen zum Einsatz im Resistenzmanagement. Die Wirksamkeit auf Schadgräser, insbesondere auf Ackerfuchsschwanz, Gemeinem Windhalm und Italienischem Raygras wird mit mehrjährigen Ergebnissen von Feldversuchen aus Frankreich, England und Deutschland dargestellt.Stichwörter: Alopecurus myosuroides, Apera spica venti, Lolium multiflorum, Resistenzmanagement,  WintergetreideGWN-3189 B – A new selective herbicide based on Triallate for control of herbicide resistant grass weed in cerealsAbstractWith substantial work on the formulation, Gowan offers a new herbicide (GWN-3189 B) based on Triallate for use on winter wheat, winter barley, winter rye, winter triticale and spring barley. GWN-3189B will be applied from pre-emergence to early post-emergence of the crop and offers a broad spectrum against grass-weeds. GWN-3189 B is selective on all cereal species. As soil herbicide GWN-3189 B offers interesting alternatives in grass-weed resistance management. The efficacy on grass weed, especially on Alopecurus myosuroides (blackgrass), Apera spica venti (silky bentgrass) and Lolium multiflorum (italian ryegrass) is demonstrated with results of field trials performed in France, Great Britain and Germany.Keywords: Alopecurus myosuroides, Apera spica venti, Lolium multiflorum, resistance management, Triallate, winter cereal

Bioassay suitable for determining the susceptibility of Meligethes aeneus to organophosphates

Es wird ein Biotest vorgestellt, der die Bestimmung der Empfindlichkeit von in Deutschland gesammelten Rapsglanzkäfern gegen Organophosphate ermöglicht. In Serien mit unterschiedlichen Dosierungen wurde Chlorpyrifos-ethyl als technischer Wirkstoff oder formuliert getestet. Hierfür wurden die zu testenden Substanzen in Glassröhrchen pipettiert und bis zur vollständigen Verdunstung des Lösungsmittels auf einem Rollmischer gedreht. In einem weiteren Experiment wurden größere Rotilabo-Polypropylengefäße mit Glasröhrchen ver­glichen. Für zukünftige Untersuchungen wird die Verwendung von technischen Wirkstoffen in Glassröhrchen empfohlen, deren Deckel einen Luftaustausch gestatten. Diese Gefäße sind kostengünstiger, benötigen weniger Platz, stehen wegen der reduzierten Trocknungszeit des Lösungsmittels schneller zur Verfügung und ermöglichen die Bestimmung einer Dosis-Wirkungs-Beziehung.Bioassay procedures were developed for determining the susceptibility to organophosphates of oilseed rape pollen beetles. Technical-grade and formulated chlorpyrifos-ethyl were tested using single applications of a series of different dosages. The inner wall of glass tubes were treated with these test substances and dried by rotating them on a roller mixer. Larger containers (polypropylene Rotilabo cups) were compared with glass tubes in a separate experiment. The use of technical-grade substances in glass tubes with lids, which allow an exchange of air, is recommended for use in future studies on pollen beetles because they are cheaper, needs less space, are faster to prepare because less time is required for evaporating the solvent and give definite dose response relationships

Europe-wide expansion and eradication of multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae lineages: a genomic surveillance study

Centre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance and the Euro-GASP study group: Sonja Pleininger, Alexander Indra, Irith De Baetselier, Wim Vanden Berghe, Blaženka Hunjak, Tatjana Nemeth Blažić, Panayiota Maikanti-Charalambous, Despo Pieridou, Hana Zákoucká, Helena Žemličková, Steen Hoffmann, Susan Cowan, Lasse Jessen Schwartz, Rita Peetso, Jevgenia Epstein, Jelena Viktorova, Ndeindo Ndeikoundam, Beatrice Bercot, Cécile Bébéar, Florence Lot, Susanne Buder, Klaus Jansen, Vivi Miriagou, Georgios Rigakos, Vasilios Raftopoulos, Eszter Balla, Mária Dudás, Lena Rós Ásmundsdóttir, Guðrún Sigmundsdóttir, Guðrún Svanborg Hauksdóttir, Thorolfur Gudnason, Aoife Colgan, Brendan Crowley, Sinéad Saab, Paola Stefanelli, Anna Carannante, Patrizia Parodi, Gatis Pakarna, Raina Nikiforova, Antra Bormane, Elina Dimina, Monique Perrin, Tamir Abdelrahman, Joël Mossong, Jean-Claude Schmit, Friedrich Mühlschlegel, Christopher Barbara, Francesca Mifsud, Alje Van Dam, Birgit Van Benthem, Maartje Visser, Ineke Linde, Hilde Kløvstad, Dominique Caugant, Beata Młynarczyk-Bonikowska, Jacinta Azevedo, Maria-José Borrego, Marina Lurdes Ramos Nascimento, Peter Pavlik, Irena Klavs, Andreja Murnik, Samo Jeverica, Tanja Kustec, Julio Vázquez Moreno, Asuncion Diaz, Raquel Abad, Inga Velicko, Magnus Unemo, Helen Fifer, Jill Shepherd, Lynsey PattersonBackground: Genomic surveillance using quality-assured whole-genome sequencing (WGS) together with epidemiological and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) data is essential to characterise the circulating Neisseria gonorrhoeae lineages and their association to patient groups (defined by demographic and epidemiological factors). In 2013, the European gonococcal population was characterised genomically for the first time. We describe the European gonococcal population in 2018 and identify emerging or vanishing lineages associated with AMR and epidemiological characteristics of patients, to elucidate recent changes in AMR and gonorrhoea epidemiology in Europe. Methods: We did WGS on 2375 gonococcal isolates from 2018 (mainly Sept 1-Nov 30) in 26 EU and EEA countries. Molecular typing and AMR determinants were extracted from quality-checked genomic data. Association analyses identified links between genomic lineages, AMR, and epidemiological data. Findings: Azithromycin-resistant N gonorrhoeae (8·0% [191/2375] in 2018) is rising in Europe due to the introduction or emergence and subsequent expansion of a novel N gonorrhoeae multi-antigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) genogroup, G12302 (132 [5·6%] of 2375; N gonorrhoeae sequence typing for antimicrobial resistance [NG-STAR] clonal complex [CC]168/63), carrying a mosaic mtrR promoter and mtrD sequence and found in 24 countries in 2018. CC63 was associated with pharyngeal infections in men who have sex with men. Susceptibility to ceftriaxone and cefixime is increasing, as the resistance-associated lineage, NG-MAST G1407 (51 [2·1%] of 2375), is progressively vanishing since 2009-10. Interpretation: Enhanced gonococcal AMR surveillance is imperative worldwide. WGS, linked to epidemiological and AMR data, is essential to elucidate the dynamics in gonorrhoea epidemiology and gonococcal populations as well as to predict AMR. When feasible, WGS should supplement the national and international AMR surveillance programmes to elucidate AMR changes over time. In the EU and EEA, increasing low-level azithromycin resistance could threaten the recommended ceftriaxone-azithromycin dual therapy, and an evidence-based clinical azithromycin resistance breakpoint is needed. Nevertheless, increasing ceftriaxone susceptibility, declining cefixime resistance, and absence of known resistance mutations for new treatments (zoliflodacin, gepotidacin) are promising.This study was supported by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, the Centre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance, the Li Ka Shing Foundation (Big Data Institute, University of Oxford), the Wellcome Genome Campus, the Foundation for Medical Research at Örebro University Hospital, and grants from Wellcome (098051 and 099202). LSB was funded by Conselleria de Sanitat Universal i Salut Pública, Generalitat Valenciana (Plan GenT CDEI-06/20-B), Valencia, Spain, and Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (PID2020–120113RA-I00), Spain, at the time of analysing and writing this manuscript.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Age at onset as stratifier in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease – effect of ageing and polygenic risk score on clinical phenotypes

Several phenotypic differences observed in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients have been linked to age at onset (AAO). We endeavoured to find out whether these differences are due to the ageing process itself by using a combined dataset of idiopathic PD (n = 430) and healthy controls (HC; n = 556) excluding carriers of known PD-linked genetic mutations in both groups. We found several significant effects of AAO on motor and non-motor symptoms in PD, but when comparing the effects of age on these symptoms with HC (using age at assessment, AAA), only positive associations of AAA with burden of motor symptoms and cognitive impairment were significantly different between PD vs HC. Furthermore, we explored a potential effect of polygenic risk score (PRS) on clinical phenotype and identified a significant inverse correlation of AAO and PRS in PD. No significant association between PRS and severity of clinical symptoms was found. We conclude that the observed non-motor phenotypic differences in PD based on AAO are largely driven by the ageing process itself and not by a specific profile of neurodegeneration linked to AAO in the idiopathic PD patients

Education as Risk Factor of Mild Cognitive Impairment: The Link to the Gut Microbiome

peer reviewedBackground: With differences apparent in the gut microbiome in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia, and risk factors of dementia linked to alterations of the gut microbiome, the question remains if gut microbiome characteristics may mediate associations of education with MCI. Objectives: We sought to examine potential mediation of the association of education and MCI by gut microbiome diversity or composition. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Luxembourg, the Greater Region (surrounding areas in Belgium, France, Germany). Participants: Control participants of the Luxembourg Parkinson’s Study. Measurements: Gut microbiome composition, ascertained with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Differential abundance, assessed across education groups (0–10, 11–16, 16+ years of education). Alpha diversity (Chao1, Shannon and inverse Simpson indices). Mediation analysis with effect decomposition was conducted with education as exposure, MCI as outcome and gut microbiome metrics as mediators. Results: After exclusion of participants below 50, or with missing data, n=258 participants (n=58 MCI) were included (M [SD] Age=64.6 [8.3] years). Higher education (16+ years) was associated with MCI (Odds ratio natural direct effect=0.35 [95% CI 0.15–0.81]. Streptococcus and Lachnospiraceae-UCG-001 genera were more abundant in higher education. Conclusions: Education is associated with gut microbiome composition and MCI risk without clear evidence for mediation. However, our results suggest signatures of the gut microbiome that have been identified previously in AD and MCI to be reflected in lower education and suggest education as important covariate in microbiome studies.MCI-BIOME_20193. Good health and well-bein