103 research outputs found
Spracheinstellungen der kurdischen Diaspora in Deutschland
Als eine der gröĂten Minderheitensprachengemeinschaften in Deutschland wird auch die kurdischsprachige Diaspora von gesellschaftlichen Machtstrukturen wie der Diskriminierung in den HerkunftslĂ€ndern beeinflusst. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden Spracheinstellungen von Kurdischsprecher*innen der ersten und zweiten Migrationsgeneration mithilfe eines Online-Fragebogens anhand von 296 Teilnehmer*innen aus der TĂŒrkei, Syrien und dem Irak erhoben. Die Ergebnisse zeigen insgesamt positive Einstellungen und eine starke emotionale Verbundenheit zum KurmancĂź-Kurdisch. In der ersten Generation sind die Spracheinstellungen der Kurdischsprecher*innen aus der TĂŒrkei negativer ausgeprĂ€gt. In der zweiten Generation gleichen sich die Unterschiede zwischen den HerkunftslĂ€ndern an. EinflĂŒsse soziopolitischer Unterschiede in den HerkunftslĂ€ndern scheinen mit der Aufenthaltsdauer in Deutschland abzunehmen
Following Politicians on Social Media: Effects for Political Information, Peer Communication, and Youth Engagement
Young citizens increasingly turn to social media platforms for political information. These platforms enable direct communication between politicians and citizens, circumventing the influence of traditional news outlets. We still know little about the consequences of direct contact with politicians on such platforms for citizensâ political participation. Here, we argue that the interplay of different actors in the political news diet of citizens should be investigated from a networked communication perspective. Relying on a cross-sectional survey of young Danes (15â25 years old, n = 567), we investigate the relationship between following politicians on social media and: (a) the composition of young citizensâ political media diet; and (b) their civic messaging and campaign participation. Following political actors on social media relates to increased campaign engagement and can be a catalyst for young peopleâs exposure to campaign news, but their friends and followers function as the main node of their political online networks. We document a process of the de-mediation of politics on social media: Established news media lose influence as primary information sources for young citizens. We discuss these results in the context of usersâ active curation and passive selection of their political social media diet
Characterization model to assess ocean acidification within life cycle assessment
Purpose: Ocean acidification due to the absorption of increasing amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide has become a severe problem in the recent years as more and more marine species are influenced by the decreasing pH value as well as by the reduced carbonate ion concentration. So far, no characterization model exists for ocean acidification. This paper aims to establish such a characterization model to allow for the necessary future inclusion of ocean acidification in life cycle assessment (LCA) case studies.
Methods: Based on a cause-effect chain for ocean acidification, the substances carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and methane were identified as relevant for this impact category. In a next step, the fate factor representing the substancesâ share absorbed by the ocean due to conversion, distribution, and dissolution is determined. Then, the fate sensitivity factor is established reflecting the changes in the marine environment due to the amount of released hydrogen ions per gram of substance (category indicator). Finally, fate and fate sensitivity factors of each substance are multiplied and set in relation to the reference substance, carbon dioxide, thereby delivering the respective characterization factors (in kg CO2 eq) at midpoint level.
Results and discussion: Characterization factors are provided for carbon monoxide (0.87 kg CO2 eq), carbon dioxide (1 kg CO2 eq), and methane (0.84 kg CO2 eq), which allow conversion of inventory results of these substances into category indicator results for ocean acidification. Inventory data of these substances is available in common LCA databases and software. Hence, the developed method is directly applicable. In a subsequent contribution analysis, the relative contribution of the three selected substances, along with other known acidifying substances, to the ocean acidification potential of 100 different materials was studied. The contribution analysis confirmed carbon dioxide as the predominant substance responsible for more than 97 % of the total ocean acidification potential. However, the influence of other acidifying substances, e.g., sulfur dioxide, should not be neglected.
Conclusions: Evaluation of substances contributing to ocean acidification is of growing importance since the acidity of oceans has been increasing steadily over the last decades. The introduced approach can be applied to evaluate product system related impacts of ocean acidification and include those into current LCA practice
Auswirkungen einer integrierten Biogaserzeugung auf ökologische Betriebssysteme: MonetÀre Bewertung
Die integrierte Biogaserzeugung in Ăkobetrieben zieht vielerlei agronomische Auswirkungen auf das gesamte Betriebssystem nach sich. Herkömmliche Wirtschaftlichkeitsanalysen vernachlĂ€ssigen jedoch das ökonomische Potential dieser Effekte. Dieser Beitrag verfolgt daher einen ganzheitlichen Bewertungsansatz, der diese monetĂ€ren Zusatzleistungen mit einbezieht. Modellsimulationen ökologischer Fruchtfolgesysteme, die insbesondere eine verĂ€nderte Stickstoff-Effizienz berĂŒcksichtigen, zeigen mögliche Ertragssteigerungen der MarktfrĂŒchte und eine verbesserte Wirtschaftlichkeit des Ackerbaus durch die integrierte anaerobe VergĂ€rung sowohl in viehlosen als auch in viehhaltenden Ăkobetrieben auf
Barrieren des Demografiemanagements ĂŒberwinden und Wandel erfolgreich gestalten: Barriereanalysetool
Die BroschĂŒre âBarrieren des Demografiemanagements ĂŒberwinden und Wandel erfolgreich gestaltenâ beinhaltet mit dem Barriereanalysetool einen Selbstcheck, mit dem Unternehmen testen können, welches Bewusstsein fĂŒr das Demografiemanagement in ihrem Unternehmen herrscht und welche Instrumente des Demografiemanagements angewendet werden. Anhand der Auswertung des Selbstchecks können die Unternehmen ablesen, welche Relevanz die demografischen Entwicklungen (u.a. FachkrĂ€ftemangel, alternde Belegschaft) in ihrem Unternehmen aktuell haben. DarĂŒber hinaus werden praktische Handlungsempfehlungen und Tipps fĂŒr weitere AktivitĂ€ten in dem jeweiligen Themengebiet vorgestellt.:Vorwort
Wie kann das Analysetool eingesetzt werden?
1 Instrumente des Demografiemanagements
2 Barrieren
2.1 UnterstĂŒtzer des Demografiemanagements
2.2 Wahrnehmung der demografischen Herausforderungen
2.3 Nutzung demografiespezifischer Ressourcen
2.4 Generationenmanagement
2.5 Entwicklung und Anpassung des Personalmanagements
2.6 Stellung des Personalmanagements im Unternehmen
3 Fazit
4 Erweiterte Literaturzusammenfassun
ZusammenhĂ€nge zwischen der FĂ€higkeit zur PerspektivenĂŒbernahme und dem Textverstehen im Vor- und Grundschulalter
"Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird der Zusammenhang zwischen der FĂ€higkeit zur PerspektivenĂŒbernahme und sinnverstehendem Lesen dargestellt. Auf der Grundlage von Arbeiten zum Textverstehen sowie zu PerspektivenĂŒbernahme und Theory of Mind wurde ein positiver Zusammenhang zwischen PerspektivenĂŒbernahmefĂ€higkeit und Textverstehensleistung erwartet. Diese Hypothese wurde an zwei Stichproben unterschiedlichen Alters geprĂŒft: In der ersten Studie beantworteten 37 Vorschulkinder Fragen zu vorgelesenen Geschichten sowie PerspektivenĂŒbernahme-Aufgaben. Zwischen den Bereichen fand sich eine deutliche positive Korrelation, die bei Kontrolle der Intelligenz erhalten blieb. An der zweiten Studie nahmen 69 Grundschulkinder der dritten Jahrgangsstufe teil, die Texte lasen und Aufgaben dazu wie auch zur PerspektivenĂŒbernahme bearbeiteten. In dieser Stichprobe fand sich der erwartete Zusammenhang ausschlieĂlich in der Teilgruppe der guten Leser. Er blieb bei Kontrolle der Intelligenz erhalten. Die Ergebnisse werden auch in Hinblick auf die Förderung der Lesekompetenz diskutiert." (Autorenreferat)"Topic of the article is the relation between perspective taking and reading comprehension. Based on research regarding text, comprehension, perspective taking and theory of mind, the authors assume a positive correlation between perspective taking and text comprehension. This hypothesis is tested in two studies: In the first study, stories were read to 37 preschoolers (5-6 years). Afterwards, they answered questions regarding the text and perspective taking. Text comprehension and perspective taking were positively correlated, even if intelligence was controlled. In the second study, 69 primary school students (8-10 years) read several stories. Afterwards, they answered questions considering the texts and perspective taking. The hypothesized correlation between text comprehension and perspective taking was only found in the sub-sample of good readers. This correlation remained stable if intelligence was controlled. Among other consequences, perspective taking training is discussed as a method to improve reading literacy." (author's abstract
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Data Steward Service Center (DSSC): FAIRagro RDM-Expertise Hub
The Data Steward Service Center (DSSC) is the central institution within FAIRagro to develop data management tools based on the needs of the scientific community. The DSSC organizes the continuous exchange of RDM knowledge and experience with other institutions, channels user requests from the community, and transfers knowledge from the FAIRagro task areas to the FAIRagro data stewards. FAIRagro data stewards are experts in the field of RDM for agrosystems research supervising and will train data curators in our community. Data stewards have core competencies in research data management (e.g., cross-scale from genes, phenomics, management to region; sensitive data, remote sensing, time series, plant, soil and related FAIRagro data). Knowledge and expertise is pooled to provide the full range of expertise to the community in one place to foster the coalescence of the community. The DSSC is headed by a coordinator and will house five data stewards, who are active in the community e.g. train data curators, give legal support. In the course of the project, further institutional or project data stewards will be integrated and the pool of experts will be further expanded. The network to the other NFDI consortia is continuously growing
Peptideâmediated surface coatings for the release of woundâhealing cytokines
Supporting the wound healing process by sending the appropriate cytokine signals can shorten healing time and overcome chronic inflammation syndromes. Even though adhesion peptides consisting of Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) are commonly used to enhance cell-surface interactions, peptide-mediated cytokine delivery has not been widely exploited so far. Cytokines interact with high affinity with their cognitive receptors but also with sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), both of which form a base for incorporation of cytokines into functional biomaterials. Here, we report on a mussel-derived surface coating as a prospective cytokine delivery system using covalently bound heparin mimetics, receptor-derived chemokine-binding peptides, and heparin-binding peptides (HBP). The latter enabled non-covalent immobilization of heparin on the surface followed by chemokine binding and release, whereas the former allowed direct non-covalent chemokine immobilization. The peptide displayed excellent binding to custom-made polystyrene 96-well plates, enabling convenient testing of several compounds. Released chemokine successfully induced migration in Jurkat cells, especially for the non-covalent heparin immobilization approach using HBPs as evaluated in a transwell assay. In comparison, heparin-mimetic coatings, comprised of sulfated peptides and GAG derivatives, proved less efficient with respect to amount of immobilized chemokine and migratory response. Thus, our study provides a roadmap for further rational optimization and translation into clinics
Mixed gas adsorption of carbon dioxide and methane on a series of isoreticular microporous metal-organic frameworks based on 2-substituted imidazolate-4-amide-5-imidates
Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugĂ€nglich.This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.In this work the adsorption of CO2 and CH4 on a series of isoreticular microporous metalâorganic frameworks based on 2-substituted imidazolate-4-amide-5-imidates, IFP-1âIFP-6 (IFP = Imidazolate Framework Potsdam), is studied firstly by pure gas adsorption at 273 K. All experimental isotherms can be nicely described by using the TĂČth isotherm model and show the preferred adsorption of CO2 over CH4. At low pressures the TĂČth isotherm equation exhibits a Henry region, wherefore Henry's law constants for CO2 and CH4 uptake could be determined and ideal selectivity αCO2/CH4 has been calculated. Secondly, selectivities were calculated from mixture data by using nearly equimolar binary mixtures of both gases by a volumetricâchromatographic method to examine the IFPs. Results showed the reliability of the selectivity calculation. Values of αCO2/CH4 around 7.5 for IFP-5 indicate that this material shows much better selectivities than IFP-1, IFP-2, IFP-3, IFP-4 and IFP-6 with slightly lower selectivity αCO2/CH4 = 4â6. The preferred adsorption of CO2 over CH4 especially of IFP-5 and IFP-4 makes these materials suitable for gas separation application.DFG, SPP 1362, Poröse metallorganische GerĂŒstverbindunge
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A Versatile Macromer-Based Glycosaminoglycan (sHA3) Decorated Biomaterial for Pro-Osteogenic Scavenging of Wnt Antagonists
High serum levels of Wnt antagonists are known to be involved in delayed bone defect healing. Pharmaceutically active implant materials that can modulate the micromilieu of bone defects with regard to Wnt antagonists are therefore considered promising to support defect regeneration. In this study, we show the versatility of a macromer based biomaterial platform to systematically optimize covalent surface decoration with high-sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sHA3) for efficient scavenging of Wnt antagonist sclerostin. Film surfaces representing scaffold implants were cross-copolymerized from three-armed biodegradable macromers and glycidylmethacrylate and covalently decorated with various polyetheramine linkers. The impact of linker properties (size, branching) and density on sHA3 functionalization efficiency and scavenging capacities for sclerostin was tested. The copolymerized 2D system allowed for finding an optimal, cytocompatible formulation for sHA3 functionalization. On these optimized sHA3 decorated films, we showed efficient scavenging of Wnt antagonists DKK1 and sclerostin, whereas Wnt agonist Wnt3a remained in the medium of differentiating SaOS-2 and hMSC. Consequently, qualitative and quantitative analysis of hydroxyapatite staining as a measure for osteogenic differentiation revealed superior mineralization on sHA3 materials. In conclusion, we showed how our versatile material platform enables us to efficiently scavenge and inactivate Wnt antagonists from the osteogenic micromilieu. We consider this a promising approach to reduce the negative effects of Wnt antagonists in regeneration of bone defects via sHA3 decorated macromer based macroporous implants. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland
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