Apoio social, risco socioeconômico e clínico: comparação entre bairros em cidade do interior do Brasil

El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la percepción sobre apoyo social entre familias residentes de dos barrios diferentes, clasificados según grado de riesgo. Fue desarrollado un cuestionario para evaluar el apoyo social, dividiéndolo en las dimensiones: instrumental, emocional, religioso y apoyo de amistades, vecinos y familia. Muestra: de las 114 familias residentes en el barrio 1, fueron entrevistadas 52, y entre las 162 residentes en el barrio 2, se entrevistaron 60. No existió diferencia significativa entre los residentes de ambos barrios. Los resultados mostraron discordancia con la literatura revisada, que expresaba fuerte asociación entre apoyo social y familias expuestas a riesgo socioeconómico. Consideramos que el apoyo social es importante para las familias, independientemente de su condición de riesgo.The objective of this study was to compare the perceptions of two families living in two different neighborhoods (rated according to risk levels) regarding social support. A questionnaire was designed to assess social support according to the following dimensions: instrumental, emotional, religious, and support from friends, neighbors and family. The sample was comprised as follows: considering the 114 families living in neighborhood 1, 52 families were interviewed; and among the 162 families living in neighborhood 2, 60 families were interviewed. No significant difference was found related to instrumental, religious and emotional support, including the support from relatives among the families from both neighborhoods. The results disagree with the reviewed literature, which indicated a strong association between social support and families living at socioeconomic risk. In conclusion, social support is important for families, regardless of their risk stratification.O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a percepção sobre apoio social entre famílias residentes em dois diferentes bairros, classificadas em graus de risco. Foi desenvolvido um questionário para avaliar o apoio social desmembrado nas dimensões instrumental, emocional, religiosa e de apoio de amigos, vizinhos e família. A amostra constitui-se da seguinte maneira: entre as 114 famílias residentes no bairro 1, foram entrevistadas 52, e entre as 162 residentes no bairro 2, foram entrevistadas 60 famílias. Não houve diferença significante em relação ao apoio instrumental, religioso, emocional e o recebido de familiares entre os residentes nos dois bairros. Os resultados apresentaram discordância com a literatura revisada, que indicava forte associação entre apoio social e famílias expostas a riscos socioeconômicos. Consideramos que apoio social é importante para as famílias, independentemente de sua condição de risco

Prevalence of sport injuries during the 53th Regional Games in Franca (SP), Brazil

O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a prevalência, tipo e localização anatômica das lesões nos atletas durante os 53os Jogos Regionais de 2009. No total, 182 atletas participaram do estudo. A avaliação fisioterápica incluiu dados como local e tipo de lesão e modalidade esportiva. Os resultados mostraram que a média de idade, altura, peso e IMC foram respectivamente 23 anos (±5,9), 1,73 m (±0,11), 71 kg (±14,22) e 24 kg/m² (±4). Proporcionalmente ao número de atletas, o handball foi a modalidade esportiva que apresentou maior número de lesões (4,25%), seguidos pelos atletas de futsal (3,70%), de basquete (2,48%), de voleibol (1,72%) e de futebol (1,63%). O tipo de lesão mais comum foi entorse com 29,7% dos casos (n=54), ocorridos com maior frequência em jogadores de futebol; seguido de contratura - 26,9% (n=49), ocorridos com maior frequência em jogadores de basquete; e contusão - 25,8% (n=47), ocorridos com maior frequência em jogadores de handball e futsal. O tipo de lesão mostrou significativa associação com o tipo de esporte praticado pelo atleta (p=0,0016). Os membros inferiores representaram 71,4% de todas as lesões, sendo o joelho o local mais acometido, com 23,1% dos casos, seguido do tornozelo - 18,1%, coxa - 17%, perna - 10,4% e coluna vertebral - 9,9%. Programas de prevenção para os atletas devem ser desenvolvidos e implantados a fim de reduzir o número de lesões em competições esportivas como os Jogos Regionais.The purpose of this study was to perform a survey about the prevalence, type and location of the injuries occurred in athletes of different modalities during the 53th Regional Games held in 2009. A total of 182 injured athletes being treated at the physical therapy clinic were included. Physical Therapy evaluation was performed to determine the anatomic location and type of injury, as well the sport modality. The results showed that mean age, height, weight and BMI were 23 years (±5.9), 1.73 m (±0.11), 71 kg (±14.22) and 24 kg/m² (±4) respectively. Proportionality to the number of athletes, handball athletes presented with higher number of injuries (4.25%), followed by indoor soccer players (3.7%), basketball (2.48%), volleyball (1.72%) and soccer (1.63%). The most common type of injury were sprains with 29.7% of cases (n=54) and mostly from soccer players; followed by contracture - 26.9% (n=49), mostly from basketball players; and contusion -25.8% (n=47), mostly from handball and indoor soccer players. The type of injury showed a significant association with the sports modality (p=0.0016). The lower limbs accounted for 71.4% of all injuries including knee (23.1%), ankle (18.1%), thigh (17.0%), leg (10.4%) and spine (9.9%). Preventive actions to avoid athletes' injury should be implemented in order to reduce the number of injuries in sports competitions such as in the Regional Games

The diabetic from the health promotion perspective

Objective: To identify the overall health and living conditions of diabetes patients, the main risk factors for the disease as well as the complications, difficulties, expectations and problems relating to health service monitoring, from the perspective of “Health Field” model. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted with 187 diabetes patients of both sexes, living in the urban area and enrolled at five Primary Healthcare Units of a municipality of Minas Gerais. Data was collected during home visits, applying an interview form created for diabetes patients, based on data from human biology, environment, lifestyle and health services’ organization, elements of the adopted model. Data was analyzed descriptively and presented as frequencies, averages and percentages. Results: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, female gender, age above 60, married status, incomplete elementary school education, and monthly income of less than three minimum wages were prevalent. Of the participants, 71 (41.5%) had abnormal glucose levels, 94 (55.1%) had blood pressure higher than recommendations and 131 (70.1%) were using oral hypoglycemic agents. Also, 138 (73.8%) did not exercise on a regular basis and 133 (71.1%) were overweight or obese. Living with family was reported by 141 (75.4%) participants and 100 (53.5%) reported participating in meetings. The family was the main source of support for 96 (65.8%) of them. Conclusions: The results raised discussions on the clinical conditions, expectations and difficulties experienced by the participants, and highlighted the challenge to be faced by healthcare professionals in order to maintain the compliance of healthcare users with the long-term treatment, typical of chronic conditions such as diabetes

O diabético numa perspectiva da promoção de saúde - doi:10.5020/18061230.2013.p26

Objective: To identify the overall health and living conditions of diabetes patients, the main risk factors for the disease as well as the complications, difficulties, expectations andproblems relating to health service monitoring, from the perspective of “Health Field”model. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted with 187 diabetes patientsof both sexes, living in the urban area and enrolled at five Primary Healthcare Units of amunicipality of Minas Gerais. Data was collected during home visits, applying an interviewform created for diabetes patients, based on data from human biology, environment, lifestyle and health services’ organization, elements of the adopted model. Data was analyzed descriptively and presented as frequencies, averages and percentages. Results: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, female gender, age above 60, married status, incomplete elementary school education, and monthly income of less than three minimum wages were prevalent. Of the participants, 71 (41.5%) had abnormal glucose levels, 94 (55.1%) had blood pressure higher than recommendations and 131 (70.1%) were using oral hypoglycemic agents. Also,138 (73.8%) did not exercise on a regular basis and 133 (71.1%) were overweight or obese. Living with family was reported by 141 (75.4%) participants and 100 (53.5%) reported participating in meetings. The family was the main source of support for 96 (65.8%) of them. Conclusions: The results raised discussions on the clinical conditions, expectations and difficulties experienced by the participants, and highlighted the challenge to be faced by healthcare professionals in order to maintain the compliance of healthcare users with the long-term treatment, typical of chronic conditions such as diabetes.Objetivos: Verificar las condiciones de vida y de salud de los diabéticos, los principales factores de riesgo para la enfermedad, las complicaciones, dificultades, expectativas y los problemas relacionados con el seguimiento por el servicio de salud, em una perspectiva del modelo “Campo de la Salud”. Métodos: Estudio transversal descriptivo con 187 diabéticos de ambos sexos, residentes en la zona urbana y registrados en las cinco Unidades de Atención Primaria en Salud de un municipio de Minas Gerais. Los datos fueron obtenidos a través de visitas domiciliarias, utilizando un formulario de entrevista elaborado para diabéticos y sustentado con datos de la biología humana, ambiente, estilo de vida y organización de los servicios de salud, elementos del modelo adoptado. Se sometieron los datos a um análisis descriptivo y se presentaron como frecuencias, medias y porcentajes. Resultados: La diabetes mellitus tipo 2, el sexo femenino, la edad superior a 60 años, el hecho de estar casado, La escuela primaria incompleta y el ingreso mensual inferior a três salarios mínimos fue prevalente. De los diabéticos, 71 (41,5%) presentaron alteraciones de la glucosa, 103 (55,1%) la presión arterial por encima de lo recomendado y 131 (70,1%) utilizaron hipoglucemiantes orales. De los participantes, 138 (73,8%) no practicaban actividad física regularmente y 133 (71,1%) tenían sobrepeso u obesidad. La vida en familia fue confirmada por 141 (75,4%) diabéticos y la participación en reuniones, por 100 (53,5%). La familia representó la principal fuente de apoyo social para 96 (65,8%) de ellos. Conclusiones: Los resultados mostraron reflexiones sobre las condiciones clínicas, las expectativas y las dificultades afrontadas por los participantes, y resaltaron El desafío de ser afrontado por los profesionales sanitarios para La manutención de la pertenencia de los usuarios de los servicios para el tratamiento a largo plazo, común en las condiciones crónicas como la diabetes.Objetivo: Verificar as condições de vida e saúde de diabéticos, os principais fatores de riscopara a doença, as complicações, dificuldades, expectativas e os problemas relacionados aoacompanhamento pelo serviço de saúde, numa perspectiva do modelo “Campo de Saúde”.Métodos: Estudo transversal descritivo com 187 diabéticos de ambos os sexos, residentes nazona urbana e cadastrados nas cinco Unidades de Atenção Primária à Saúde de um municípiode Minas Gerais. Os dados foram obtidos em visita domiciliária, utilizando um formuláriode entrevista elaborado para diabéticos e sustentado em dados da biologia humana,ambiente, estilo de vida e organização dos serviços de saúde, elementos do modelo adotado.Submeteram-se os dados à análise descritiva e apresentados por meio de frequências, médiase porcentagens. Resultados: O diabetes mellitus tipo 2, o sexo feminino, a idade acima de60 anos, o estado civil casado, o ensino fundamental incompleto e a renda mensal inferior atrês salários mínimos foram prevalentes. Dos diabéticos, 71 (41,5%) apresentaram alteraçõesglicêmicas; 103 (55,1%), pressão arterial acima do recomendado; e 131(70,1%) usavamhipoglicemiantes orais. Dos participantes, 138 (73,8%) não praticavam atividade físicaregularmente e 133 (71,1%) apresentavam sobrepeso ou obesidade. A vida em família foiconfirmada por 141 (75,4%) diabéticos e a participação em reuniões, por 100 (53,5%). Afamília representou a principal fonte de apoio social para 96 (65,8%) deles. Conclusões:Os resultados levantaram reflexões sobre as condições clínicas, expectativas e dificuldadesenfrentadas pelos participantes, e ressaltaram o desafio a ser enfrentado pelos profissionaisde saúde para a manutenção da adesão dos usuários do serviço ao tratamento de longo prazo,comum nas condições crônicas como o diabetes

Social support, socioeconomic and clinical risk: comparison between to neighborhoods in a Brazilian upcountry town

The objective of this study was to compare the perceptions of two families living in two different neighborhoods (rated according to risk levels) regarding social support. A questionnaire was designed to assess social support according to the following dimensions: instrumental, emotional, religious, and support from friends, neighbors and family. The sample was comprised as follows: considering the 114 families living in neighborhood 1, 52 families were interviewed; and among the 162 families living in neighborhood 2, 60 families were interviewed. No significant difference was found related to instrumental, religious and emotional support, including the support from relatives among the families from both neighborhoods. The results disagree with the reviewed literature, which indicated a strong association between social support and families living at socioeconomic risk. In conclusion, social support is important for families, regardless of their risk stratification