Intimate partner violence during pregnancy and time to return to sexual activity after childbirth: analysis of the BRISA prenatal cohort

Abstract: This study aimed to analyze whether there is an association between intimate partner violence during pregnancy and time to return to sexual activity after childbirth in the BRISA cohort in São Luís, Maranhão State, Brazil, between 2010 and 2013. This is a longitudinal study conducted with 665 women. Intimate partner violence during pregnancy was measured using an instrument created and validated by the World Health Organization to measure violence against women. Time to return to sexual activity after childbirth was investigated using a structured questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to analyze whether there is an association between intimate partner violence during pregnancy and time to return to sexual activity after childbirth. The prevalence of violence by an intimate partner during pregnancy was 24.06%. The prevalence of women who returned to sexual activity within 3 months after childbirth was 67.96%. When analyzing the association between exposure and outcome, no association was found in the crude model (OR = 0.88; 95%CI: 0.60-1.30), nor in the adjusted model (OR = 1.00; 95%CI: 0.61-1.63). The study results highlight the importance of providing comprehensive care to women, considering both physical and psychological aspects, since violence has a significant impact on several aspects of women’s lives

Brazilian Maternal and Child Nutrition Consortium: establishment, data harmonization and basic characteristics.

Pooled data analysis in the field of maternal and child nutrition rarely incorporates data from low- and middle-income countries and existing studies lack a description of the methods used to harmonize the data and to assess heterogeneity. We describe the creation of the Brazilian Maternal and Child Nutrition Consortium dataset, from multiple pooled longitudinal studies, having gestational weight gain (GWG) as an example. Investigators of the eligible studies published from 1990 to 2018 were invited to participate. We conducted consistency analysis, identified outliers, and assessed heterogeneity for GWG. Outliers identification considered the longitudinal nature of the data. Heterogeneity was performed adjusting multilevel models. We identified 68 studies and invited 59 for this initiative. Data from 29 studies were received, 21 were retained for analysis, resulting in a final sample of 17,344 women with 72,616 weight measurements. Fewer than 1% of all weight measurements were flagged as outliers. Women with pre-pregnancy obesity had lower values for GWG throughout pregnancy. GWG, birth length and weight were similar across the studies and remarkably similar to a Brazilian nationwide study. Pooled data analyses can increase the potential of addressing important questions regarding maternal and child health, especially in countries where research investment is limited

Sintomas depressivos na infância interferem na inteligência na idade adulta?

OBJETIVO: Investigar os efeitos dos sintomas depressivos na infância no desenvolvimento intelectual do adulto jovem. MÉTODOS: Estudo realizado com uma coorte de nascimentos de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil, composta por 339 participantes avaliados entre 7 e 9 anos e entre 18 e 19 anos. Utilizou-se modelagem de equações estruturais (escolaridade do adulto jovem, sexo, raça/cor) e variáveis da infância (estado nutricional, sintomas depressivos, função cognitiva, escolaridade do chefe da família e da mãe, renda familiar). Além disso, ocupação do chefe da família, idade da mãe e presença de companheiro foram testadas como determinantes do quociente de inteligência (QI) dos adultos. RESULTADOS: A presença de sintomas depressivos na infância gerou redução de 0,342 no desvio-padrão (DP) e -3,83 pontos no QI médio dos adultos (valor de p < 0,001). A função cognitiva na infância apresentou efeito total e direto positivo (coeficiente padronizado [CP] = 0,701; valor de p < 0,001) sobre o QI, elevando 7,84 pontos a cada aumento do nível. Identificou-se efeito indireto positivo do estado nutricional infantil (CP = 0,194; valor de p = 0,045), escolaridade do chefe da família (CP = 0,162; valor de p = 0,036) e da mãe da criança, este último mediado pela função cognitiva na infância (CP = 0,215; valor de p = 0,012) sobre o QI dos jovens. CONCLUSÃO: A presença de sintomas depressivos na infância gerou efeito negativo de longo prazo sobre a inteligência, reduzindo a pontuação do QI na idade adulta.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of depressive symptoms in childhood on the intellectual development of young adults. METHODS: Study conducted with a birth cohort of São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil, composed of 339 participants evaluated between 7 and 9 years and between 18 and 19 years. Structural equation modeling (young adult education, sex, race/color) and childhood variables (nutritional status, depressive symptoms, cognitive function, head of household’s and mother’s education, family income) were used. In addition, head of household’s occupation, mother’s age, and presence of partner were tested as determinants of adults’ intelligence quotient (IQ). RESULTS: Presence of depressive symptoms in childhood triggered a reduction of 0.342 in standard deviation (SD) and -3.83 points in the average IQ of adults (p-value < 0.001). Cognitive function in childhood had a total and direct positive effect (standardized coefficient [SC] = 0.701; p-value < 0.001) on IQ, increasing 7.84 points with each increase in level. A positive indirect effect of child nutritional status (SC = 0.194; p-value = 0.045), head of household’s (SC = 0.162; p-value = 0.036), and mother’s education was identified, the latter mediated by cognitive function in childhood (SC = 0.215; p-value = 0.012) on the IQ of young people. CONCLUSION: Presence of depressive symptoms in childhood triggered a long-term negative effect on intelligence, reducing the IQ score in adulthood

Incompletude vacinal infantil de vacinas novas e antigas e fatores associados: coorte de nascimento BRISA, São Luís, Maranhão, Nordeste do Brasil

Neste estudo, foram estimados percentuais de incompletude vacinal e fatores associados ao esquema vacinal para novas vacinas (EVNV) e esquema vacinal para antigas vacinas (EVAV) em crianças de 13 a 35 meses de idade de uma coorte de nascimento em São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil. A amostra foi probabilística, com 3.076 crianças nascidas em 2010. Informações sobre vacinação foram obtidas da Caderneta de Saúde da Criança. As vacinas consideradas para o EVNV foram meningocócica C e pneumocócica 10 valente, e para EVAV, vacinas BCG, hepatite B, rotavírus humano, poliomielite, tetravalente (vacina difteria, tétano, coqueluche e Haemophilus influenzae b), febre amarela, tríplice viral (vacina sarampo, caxumba, rubéola). Empregou-se modelagem hierarquizada e regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Estimaram-se razões de prevalência (RP) e intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC95%). Incompletude vacinal foi maior para EVNV (51,1%) em relação ao EVAV (33,2%). Crianças com 25 a 35 meses de idade (RP = 1,27; IC95%: 1,14-1,41) e pertencer às classes D/E (RP = 1,20; IC95%: 1,06-1,35) se associaram somente ao EVNV; enquanto baixa escolaridade materna (RP = 1,58; IC95%: 1,21-2,06), indisponibilidade de atendimento ambulatorial e/ou hospitalar para a criança (RP = 1,20; IC95%: 1,04-1,38) e de vacina nos serviços de saúde (RP = 1,28; IC95%: 1,12-1,46), apenas ao EVAV. Faz-se importante considerar, nas estratégias de vacinação, a vulnerabilidade de crianças com mais idade e pertencentes às classes D e E, especialmente quando novas vacinas são introduzidas, e ainda de filhos de mães que possuem baixa escolaridade. Assim como, quando há menor disponibilidade de serviços de saúde para a criança e de vacina

Agreement between self-reported pre-pregnancy weight and measured first-trimester weight in Brazilian women

Background: Self-reported pre-pregnancy weight and weight measured in the first trimester are both used to estimate pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) but there is limited information on how they compare, especially in low- and middle-income countries, where access to a weight scale can be limited. Thus, the main goal of this study was to evaluate the agreement between self-reported pre-pregnancy weight and weight measured during the first trimester of pregnancy among Brazilian women so as to assess whether self-reported pre-pregnancy weight is reliable and can be used for calculation of BMI and GWG. Methods: Data from the Brazilian Maternal and Child Nutrition Consortium (BMCNC, n = 5563) and the National Food and Nutritional Surveillance System (SISVAN, n = 393,095) were used to evaluate the agreement between self-reported pre-pregnancy weight and weights measured in three overlapping intervals (30–94, 30–60 and 30–45 days of pregnancy) and their impact in BMI classification. We calculated intraclass correlation and Lin’s concordance coefficients, constructed Bland and Altman plots, and determined Kappa coefficient for the categories of BMI. Results: The mean of the differences between self-reported and measured weights was  0.90 for both datasets in all time intervals. Bland and Altman plots showed that the majority of the difference laid in the ±2 kg interval and that the differences did not vary according to measured first-trimester BMI. Kappa coefficient values were > 0.80 for both datasets at all intervals. Using self-reported pre-pregnancy or measured weight would change, in total, the classification of BMI in 15.9, 13.5, and 12.2% of women in the BMCNC and 12.1, 10.7, and 10.2% in the SISVAN, at 30–94, 30–60 and 30–45 days, respectively. Conclusion: In Brazil, self-reported pre-pregnancy weight can be used for calculation of BMI and GWG when an early measurement of weight during pregnancy is not available. These results are especially important in a country where the majority of woman do not initiate prenatal care early in pregnancy.Medicine, Faculty ofNon UBCObstetrics and Gynaecology, Department ofReviewedFacult