La foi chrétienne, ressource pour vivre les questions de société

Pour répondre aux grands défis de la société actuelle, la foi chrétienne peut-elle nous aider à inventer, orienter et organiser une vie morale? À la lumière de la confrontation de l’Église de France à la délicate question de l’accueil des étrangers illégaux, l’auteure revisite les trois modèles d’éthique théologique disponibles dans les débats postconciliaires: l’éthique autonome, l’éthique de la foi et l’éthique communautarienne de la vertu. Forces et limites de ces modèles d’implications sociales de la foi supposent la catégorie de l’intégralisme de la foi.In response to the great challenges of contemporary society, how can Christian faith help us to invent, direct and organise moral life? In light of the confrontation of the Church of France towards the delicate situation of illegal immigrants, the author reviews three models of theological ethics that emerged during the post-conciliatory debates: autonomous ethics, ethics of faith and community ethics of virtue. The strengths and limitations of these models of social implications of faith imply the category of integralism of faith

Chaingy

Lien Atlas (MCC) : http://atlas.patrimoines.culture.fr/atlas/trunk/index.php?ap_theme=DOM_2.01.02&ap_bbox=1.741;47.864;1.811;47.921 L’inventaire archéologique de la banlieue nord-ouest d’Orléans, débuté en 1994 par la commune de Saran, et poursuivi en 95, 96, 97, par Ingré, Ormes, et Bucy-Saint-Liphard, a concerné cette année le territoire de Chaingy. L’opération, débutée fin juin s’est déroulée en trois phases : Étude des références anciennes cadastrales, toponymiques et d’histoire locale a..

Cell-to-cell heterogeneity in Sox2 and Bra expression guides progenitor motility and destiny.

Although cell-to-cell heterogeneity in gene and protein expression within cell populations has been widely documented, we know little about its biological functions. By studying progenitors of the posterior region of bird embryos, we found that expression levels of transcription factors Sox2 and Bra, respectively involved in neural tube (NT) and mesoderm specification, display a high degree of cell-to-cell heterogeneity. By combining forced expression and downregulation approaches with time-lapse imaging, we demonstrate that Sox2-to-Bra ratio guides progenitor's motility and their ability to stay in or exit the progenitor zone to integrate neural or mesodermal tissues. Indeed, high Bra levels confer high motility that pushes cells to join the paraxial mesoderm, while high levels of Sox2 tend to inhibit cell movement forcing cells to integrate the NT. Mathematical modeling captures the importance of cell motility regulation in this process and further suggests that randomness in Sox2/Bra cell-to-cell distribution favors cell rearrangements and tissue shape conservation

Closed string theory without level-matching at the free level

Abstract In its traditional form, the string field in closed string field theory is constrained by the level-matching condition, which is imposed beside the action. By analogy with the similar problem for the Ramond sector, it was understood by Okawa and Sakaguchi how to lift this condition and work with unconstrained field by introducing spurious free fields. These authors also pointed out that new backgrounds may exist thanks to a new gauge field which is trivial on flat space, but can generate fluxes on a toroidal background. In this paper, we perform a complete study of the free theory at the tachyonic and massless levels with the aim of setting the stage for studying backgrounds without level-matching

Cell-to-cell heterogeneity in Sox2 and Brachyury expression guides progenitor destiny by controlling their movements

Although cell-to-cell heterogeneity in gene and protein expression has been widely documented within a given cell population, little is known about its potential biological functions. We addressed this issue by studying posterior progenitors, an embryonic cell population that is central to vertebrate posterior axis formation. These progenitors are able to maintain themselves within the posterior region of the embryo or to exit this region to participate in the formation of neural tube or paraxial mesoderm tissues. Posterior progenitors are known to co-express transcription factors related to neural and mesodermal lineages, e.g. Sox2 and Brachyury (Bra), respectively. In this study, we find that expression levels of Sox2 and Bra proteins display a high degree of variability among posterior progenitors of the quail embryo, therefore highlighting spatial heterogeneity of this cell population. By over-expression/down-regulation experiments and time-lapse imaging, we show that Sox2 and Bra are both involved in controlling progenitor motility, acting however in an opposite way: while Bra is necessary to progenitor motion, Sox2 tends to inhibit cell movement. Combining mathematical modeling and experimental approaches, we provide evidence that the spatial heterogeneity of posterior progenitors, with regards to their expression levels of Sox2 and Bra and thus to their motile properties, is fundamental to maintain a pool of resident progenitors while others segregate to contribute to tissue formation. As a whole, our work reveals that heterogeneity among a population of progenitor cells is critical to ensure robust multi-tissue morphogenesis

Chicken neuronal acetylcholine receptor alpha 2-subunit gene exhibits neuron-specific expression in the brain and spinal cord of transgenic mice.

Transgenic mice carrying the complete structural gene of the alpha 2 subunit of the chicken neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and 7 kilobase pairs (kbp) of 5' upstream and 3 kbp of 3' downstream sequences have been generated. The transgene was stably integrated in transgenic lines and transmitted to their progeny. Avian transgene expression was predominant in the central nervous system as detected by specific alpha 2-subunit cDNA amplification. Moreover, in at least two independent mouse lines, its expression appeared to be neuron-specific and reproducibly restricted to subregions in the brain and spinal cord, as revealed by in situ hybridization histochemistry. Most cranial motor nuclei were positive, and several of the alpha 2-subunit transgene-expressing structures corresponded to cholinergic areas in rodents. This study reveals that regulatory mechanisms giving rise to neuronal-specific gene expression have been conserved at least in part between birds and mammals