Adaptive Water Management-land Use Practice for Improving Ecosystem Services – a Hungarian Modelling Case Study

During the 20th century in the Hungarian lowlands the emphasis was put on maximizing provisioning ecosystem services (ES), which caused the weakening of regulating and other services. With the growing environmental pressures, it is crucial to apply a more adaptive landscape management. This, however, leads to territorial conflicts, as large areas with water-tolerant land cover (i.e., wetlands, meadows, riparian forests) are needed to buffer extreme hydrological events.We present some findings of the WateRisk project, a research that focused on the possible solutions of these conflicts. In a scenario-based case study, we analyze the outlined issue for the Szamos-Kraszna Interfluve, a 510 km2 lowland catchment heavily affected by excess water. Scenarios were evaluated with an integrated methodology that focuses on the water budget and the total values of ES. The efficiency of the drainage network was found to be minor/moderate as it provided only -1–5% reduction in the spatial extents of inundations, and it contributed only ~20% to the elimination of water coverage. Furthermore, comparing the present (defense-focused) and the alternative (water retention focused) scenarios, the latter turned out to provide higher monetary value for the summed individual and social benefits of ES. This underlines the need for extensive adaptive measures in both water management and landscape planning to create resilience and the ability to cope with contemporary environmental challenges

Changing patterns of soil water content and relationship with national wheat and maize production in Europe

The warming of the climate and shrinking freshwater resources pose serious challenges to European agriculture. Meeting these challenges demands a thorough knowledge of the major trends in soil moisture patterns across the continent over time. Charting the available soil water (ASW) content (m3 m-3) derived from the ERA5 Land dataset in grid cells of 0.1° × 0.1°, the highest values occurred in the Alpine, Baltic and West Balkan countries, as well as in North Western Europe. However, a major part of the Mediterranean and the Carpathian-Balkan regions and Eastern Europe recorded the driest soils over recent decades. The annual average ASW decreased over almost the entire continent from 1981 to 2007, but to the greatest degree in Eastern Europe, while Northern Europe suffered least of all. For the summer half of the year, the available water content of the top 28 cm soil significantly decreased in 45.5 % of European croplands, while only 1.0% showed a significant moisture increase. Summer half-year moisture declined across almost the entirety of Eastern Europe, threatening the reproductive stage of wheat and maize vegetation period. Soil water content had a significant positive impact on wheat yields in an estimated 64.3 % of European wheat fields, and a negative one in 5.7 %. In the case of maize yields the positive impact of ASW was present in an estimated 89.4 % of maize-growing areas, explaining an estimated 46–72 % of maize yield variances in the majority of top European maize-producing countries. In contrast to wheat, negative soil water content impact for maize in the continent was not observed. Significant ASW - wheat and ASW - maize yield relationships were found with decreasing summer half year ASW in 32.0 % and 35.2 % of European croplands, respectively. The coexistence of the crop yield dependence on soil moisture and the decrease in available soil water content pose a considerable threat to grain production stability over extensive regions of Eastern and Western Europe. These warning signs call for an effective intervention on behalf of soil water conservation in European croplands

Predicting small water courses’ physico-chemical status from watershed characteristics with two multivariate statistical methods

Watershed area and a bunch of relief, land use, and wastewater characteristics for 32 upland and 33 lowland small river courses are generated. Based on these characteristics, logistic binary regression models are trained to predict if the river achieves the good physico-chemical status, and discriminant analysis models are trained to predict the physico-chemical status class on a five-class scale

From simple to complex – Comparing four modelling tools for quantifying hydrologic ecosystem services

The pursuit of good management of our waters poses permanent challenges to the whole society. Decision-makers often need to define appropriate and sustainable strategies on interdisciplinary topics, like water management issues. The rapidly evolving quantification and mapping of hydrologic ecosystem services (HES) is putting hydrologic and water management issues into an ecosystem services (ES) framework, which can be a step towards reconciling different aspects of land use and water management. Different tools can be used for modelling HES, with a wide range according to their basic properties, e.g., structure, methodology, computational needs, data requirements, reliability, controllability. As a result of that, the numeric values, spatial patterns, and reliability of HES assessments and the uncertainties in their results may differ significantly.In this paper, we covered almost the whole palette of HES mapping tools with regards to modelling approach: we used InVEST, SWAT and two novel rule-based matrix models for the same pilot area, the 1530 km2 hilly catchment of the Zala River (Hungary). We mapped three HES: flood control, erosion control and nutrient (total phosphorus) retention. Our aim was to examine the relevance of the differences between the HES mapping tools through analysing the spatial differences between the results obtained with the applied. We carried out spatial similarity tests and hotspot analysis at the computational unit level for the individual HES and in an aggregated way as well.As a result of the spatial pattern similarity tests, InVEST and the matrix models showed moderate to strong correlation (p < 0.001) for each HES. Due to that, the novel matrix models could be considered as robust HES mapping tools on a larger spatial scale (regional or larger). InVEST appeared to be the most efficient HES mapping tool considering computational demand, result reliability, and data- and expertise requirements. The results of our study draw attention to the importance and actual shortcomings of the land use and land cover (LULC) structure in the riparian zone. We pointed out that the studied HES in agricultural areas close to the watercourse are often disservices (negative HES were provided with the actual LULC scenario compared to a non-vegetated LULC scenario) due to the nutrient loads from fertilization. We found that parts of the best and worst HES provisioning areas (hotspots and coldspots) could be delineated without hydrologic modelling, because their unfavourable combination of environmental factors and LULC conditions themselves determine these areas to be hotspot or coldspot

Supposed Effects of Wetland Restoration on Hydrological Conditions and the Provisioning Ecosystem Services—A Model-Based Case Study at a Hungarian Lowland Catchment

Climate change and water scarcity increase the vulnerability of crop production and other ecosystem services (ES) in flood-protected lowlands under a continental climate. Restoration of wetlands leads to a higher water-buffering capacity of the landscape, strengthening various ecosystem services, and fostering adaptation to climatic, ecological, and agricultural challenges. Such restoration efforts require extensive land-use change, leading to trade-offs in provisioning and regulating ES. However, knowledge is limited about these situations, especially in the case of lowland areas. Here, we introduce a hydrological analysis in a 243 km2 flood-protected catchment in the Great Hungarian Plain, mapping the potential hydrological effects of water-retention scenarios on groundwater levels. We point out how the simulated groundwater levels will be used for estimating the changes in crop yields and tree growth (provisioning services). The introduced hydrological analysis and preliminary results for crop-yield estimates suggest a significant and scalable capacity for a nature-based hydrological adaptation: the extent of inundated areas could be increased stepwise and water retention could locally compensate dry periods due to the buffering effect of inundated meanders

A Magyar Belgyógyász Társaság Dél-magyarországi Decentrum 43. Továbbképző Tudományos Ülésén elhangzó előadások rövid összefoglalói

1. Előszó 2. Alsó végtagi oedema ritka oka 3. Diabeteses ketoacidosis változások az utolsó öt évben 4. IGF-2-termelő prostatatumor okozta súlyos hypoglykaemia. Esetismertetés 5. Diabeteses beteg tünetmentes sokér-betegsége. Esetismertetés 6. Egy motorbaleset szövődményei – kardiológiai vonatkozások. Esetismertetés 7. Erectilis diszfunkció és alacsony tesztoszteronszint metabolikus szindróma tüneteit mutató 1-es típusú diabetesben 8. „Egyelőre idiopathiás” AA-amyloidosis. Esetismertetés 9. Anti-TNF-α-terápia mellett kialakuló lupus erythematosus 10. Pancreastumor vagy pancreatitis? 11. Videodenzitometria segítségével vizsgált myocardialis perfúzió eltérései diabetes mellitusban 12. A Clostridium difficile-fertőzések alakulása intézményünk fertőzőosztályán 2011-ig 13. A vesebetegségek felismerhetőségének aránya az eGFR tükrében vizsgálva 14. A gestatiós diabetes mellitus miatt gondozott asszonyok utánvizsgálataival szerzett tapasztalataink 15. Az aortamerevségi (stiffness) index prognosztikus jelentősége acromegaliában 16. Akut máj- és veseelégtelenség ritka oka. Esetismertetés 17. Diabeteses enteropathia, gastroparesis és neuropathia, vagy valami más? Esetismertetés 18. QT-variabilitás és vércukorszint: kimutatható-e összefüggés egészséges szénhidrát-anyagcseréjű egyénekben? 19. Renalis szimpatikus rádiófrekvenciás katéteres ablatio terápiarezisztens hypertoniában 20. A kalcium-anyagcsere útvesztői 21. Humán helminthiasisok: Az ember féregélősködők okozta bántalmainak klinikuma a gyakorlatban 22. Terápiás hatékonyság vizsgálata fokális szegmentális glomerulosclerosisos esetekben 23. Vércukormérés és csúcstechnológia 24. Metformin a terhességben. Áldás vagy átok? 25. Thrombocytopenia és immunhiány 26. Az inzulinkezeléssel járó testsúlynövekedés elkerülése intenzív inzulinanalóg-kezelési rendszerrel. Esetismertetés 27. Arteria renalis kardiogén eredetű akut thromboemboliás occlusiójának sikeres thrombolyticus kezelése. Esetismertetés 28. Microvascularis vasomotio és vércukorszint: kimutatható-e összefüggés egészséges szénhidrát-anyagcseréjű egyénekben? 29. Fődiagnózis: cardialis decompensatio. Cardialis decompensatio? Esetbemutatás 30. Tíz év tapasztalatai a gestatiós diabetes szűrésében és gondozásában 31. Az autonóm neuropathia prospektív vizsgálata inzulinpumpával kezelt 1-es típusú diabeteses betegekben 32. Vékonybél-kapszulaendoszkópiával szerzett kezdeti tapasztalataink 33. Transrectalis ultrahang (RUH) szerepe a rectum és perirectalis tér kórképeinek diagnosztikájában. Tapasztalatok saját eseteink kapcsán 34. Korszerű inzulinkezelés detemir bázisanalóggal: saját tapasztalataim és a nemzetközi obszervációs vizsgálat (A1chieve®) tükrében 35. Proteinuria mint cardiovascularis rizik