397 research outputs found
Propagulum helyettesĂtĹ‘k fejlesztĂ©se Ă©s alkalmazása a magbank kialakulását befolyásolĂł tĂ©nyezĹ‘k vizsgálatára = Development and application of propagule substitutes to reveal factors influencing the development of soil seed banks
A programban flĂłránk fajainak jellemzĹ‘ magmĂ©ret Ă©s fajsĂşly tartományába esĹ‘, kĂĽlönbözĹ‘ mĂ©retű Ă©s formájĂş propagulum utánzĂł műanyag szemcsĂ©ket fejlesztettĂĽnk Ă©s ezeket legelt Ă©s bekerĂtett homoki Ă©s sziki gyepekbe helyeztĂĽk ki. KifejlesztettĂĽk ezen szemcsĂ©k talajbĂłl törtĂ©nĹ‘ visszanyerĂ©sĂ©nek mĂłdszerĂ©t Ă©s az ehhez szĂĽksĂ©ges eszközöket, berendezĂ©seket. Három Ă©ven át, fĂ©lĂ©vente vett mintákon elemeztĂĽk, hogy a szemcsĂ©k visszanyerhetĹ‘sĂ©ge Ă©s talajbeli penetráciĂłja mikĂ©nt fĂĽgg a talajtĂpustĂłl, a gyep legeltsĂ©gĂ©tĹ‘l, a szemcse mĂ©retĂ©tĹ‘l Ă©s alakjátĂłl. MegállapĂtottuk, hogy a visszanyerhetĹ‘sĂ©get nem befolyásolta a vizsgálati terĂĽlet talajtĂpusa Ă©s a szemcse mĂ©rete. A lapĂtott szemcsĂ©k viszont ritkábban kerĂĽltek meg, mint a gömbölyűek. A penetráciĂł lassĂş, a propagulumok zöme a felszĂnen maradt. Homokon több szemcse kerĂĽlt a mĂ©lyebb rĂ©tegekbe, mint sziken, a penetráciĂł mĂ©rtĂ©ke a talaj mechanikai ellenállásával fordĂtottan volt arányos. A kisebb szemcsĂ©k penetráciĂłja meghaladta a nagyobbakĂ©t. A szemcsĂ©k alakja nem volt hatással a penetráciĂłra, a mĂ©ret Ă©s alak hatása között sem találtunk összefĂĽggĂ©st. Nem találtunk kapcsolatot a terĂĽlet legeltsĂ©ge Ă©s a penetráciĂł mĂ©rtĂ©ke közt. Tanulmányoztuk az idĹ‘járási fluktuáciĂłk Ă©s a legelĂ©skizárás hatását a vizsgált gyepek összetĂ©telĂ©re, az egyes fajok borĂtására Ă©s fitomasszájára. ElvĂ©geztĂĽk a talaj magkĂ©szletĂ©nek analĂzisĂ©t is Ă©s Ăşj eljárást dolgoztunk ki Juncus fajok vegetatĂv állapotban törtĂ©nĹ‘ azonosĂtására. | The project aimed at developing propagule mimics (plastic beads) the specific gravity, size and shape of which falls in the range of seeds in Central European flora. These beads were deployed in grazed and ungrazed stands of sand and alkalic grasslands. We developed a methodology as well tools to sample these beads from the soil. Sampling twice a year within a three years’ period we studied the effect of soil type, grazing and bead size and shape on the beads’ recovery and penetration rates. We found that recovery rate is unaffected by soil type and bead size. Flattened beads were reclaimed with a lower rate than round ones. Most propagules persisted on the soil surface suggesting slow penetration. More beads penetrated to deeper soil horizons on sand than on solonetz, the penetration rate was negatively correlated with the soils’ mechanical resistance. Small beads penetrated with a greater chance than did the large ones. In contrast, no effect of shape on vertical bead displacement was found and no correlation was established between the effect of size and shape. Neither we found correlation between grazing status and the rate of penetrated beads. We also studied the effect of weather fluctuation and of grazing exclosure on vegetation composition and specific dominance (cover, phytomass) in the studied grasslands. Composition and dominance of soil seed banks was studied too and a new protocol to distinguish vegetative specimens of Juncus spp. has also been developed
A hepatocellularis carcinoma előfordulása és kezelésének tanulságai az északkelet-magyarországi régióban | Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma and consequent lessons for its management in Northeastern Hungary
Absztrakt
Bevezetés: A hepatocellularis carcinoma gyakori, nehezen
kezelhető daganat. Célkitűzés: A szerzők áttekintették a
májsejtrákkal kapcsolatos ismereteket és értékelték a kezelési eredményeket az
északkelet-magyarországi régióban. Módszer: A szerzők
intézményében 5 év alatt májsejtrák diagnózissal kezelt betegek adatait
retrospektĂv mĂłdon elemeztĂ©k. EredmĂ©nyek: Ismert májcirrhosisa
187 beteg közül 71-nek (38%) volt, 52 betegnél (28%) a májcirrhosisra a daganat
felismerĂ©sekor derĂĽlt fĂ©ny. Nem volt májzsugora 15 betegnek (8%), mĂg erre
vonatkozóan 49 betegnél (26%) nem találtak adatot. Etiológiai faktorok az
alkoholfogyasztás (52%), a vĂrushepatitis (41%) Ă©s a metabolikus szindrĂłma
(valĂłszĂnűleg nem alkoholos zsĂrmáj) (44%) voltak. Cirrhosis nĂ©lkĂĽl kialakult
májsejtrák hátterĂ©ben leggyakrabban nem alkoholos zsĂrmáj állt. A daganat
felismerése 83%-ban előrehaladott stádiumban történt. A túlélést a Barcelona
stádium (A vs. B/C vs. D stádium: 829 vs. 387 vs. 137 nap, p<0,001)
jelentĹ‘sen befolyásolta, az etiolĂłgia nem (vĂrus 282, metabolikus szindrĂłma 335
és alkohol 423 nap, p = 0,65). Következtetések: A
hepatocellularis carcinoma rossz kimenetelének oka a késői felismerés. A
májzsugoros betegek szűrése mellett a májcirrhosis korábbi felismerése
szükséges. A metabolikus szindrómások ultrahangos szűrése megfontolandó. A
krónikus májbetegség terápiája a túlélést lényegesen befolyásolja. Orv. Hetil.,
2016, 157(45), 1793–1801.
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Abstract
Introduction: The increasing incidence and poor prognosis of
hepatocellular carcinoma places huge burden on healthcare. Aim:
After reviewing literature on epidemiological trends, risk factors, diagnosis
and management options for hepatocellular carcinoma, the authors investigated
results of treatment and survival data of patients in Northeastern Hungary.
Method: In a retrospective study, the authors analyzed
medical records of 187 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (etiology,
presence of cirrhosis, stage of the tumor, treatment and disease outcome).
Results: Seventy-one patients (38%) had known cirrhosis at
the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, while in 52 patients (28%) the
presence of cirrhosis was established at the time of the diagnosis of
hepatocellular carcinoma. Fifteen patients (8%) had no cirrhosis and in 49
patients (26%) no data were available regarding cirrhosis. Etiological factors
were alcohol consumption (52%), viral hepatitis (41%) and metabolic syndrome
(44%). In cases of metabolic syndrome, hepatocellular carcinoma frequently
occurred without cirrhosis. In 83% of the cases, the tumor was discovered in an
advanced stage. Median survival time was significantly associated with tumor
stage (Barcelona A stage vs. B/C vs. D: 829 vs. 387 vs. 137 days, respectively
p<0.001) but not with disease etiology (virus 282 days, metabolic syndrome
335 days and alcohol 423 days, p = 0.65). Conclusions: High
mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma was mainly attributed to the delayed
diagnosis of the disease. Screening of patients with cirrhosis could only result
in a partial improvement since in a great proportion cirrhosis was diagnosed
simultaneously with the tumor. Screening of diabetic and obese patients by
ultrasonography should be considered. Management of baseline liver disease is of
importance in the care of hepatocellular carcinoma. Orv. Hetil., 2016,
157(45), 1793–1801
Utility of serological markers in inflammatory bowel diseases: Gadget or magic?
The panel of serologic markers for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is rapidly expanding. Although anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) and atypical perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (P-ANCA) remain the most widely investigated, an increasing amount of experimental data is available on newly discovered antibodies directed against various microbial antigens. The role of the assessment of various antibodies in the current IBD diagnostic algorithm is often questionable due to their limited sensitivity. In contrast, the association of serologic markers with disease behavior and phenotype is becoming increasingly well-established. An increasing number of observations confirms that patients with Crohn's disease expressing multiple serologic markers at high titers are more likely to have complicated small bowel disease (e.g. stricture and/or perforation) and are at higher risk for surgery than those without, or with low titers of antibodies. Creating homogenous disease sub-groups based on serologic response may help develop more standardized therapeutic approaches and may help in a better understanding of the pathomechanism of IBD. Further prospective clinical studies are needed to establish the clinical role of serologic tests in IBD
Parthenogenetic capability of three species in Poa pratensis L. aggregation
Parthenogenesis, as an asexual reproductive method gives rise to a new prospect in agricultural production: the opportunity to establish genetically stable, seed-propagating clones of crops, which can perpetuate themselves across countless sporophytic generations. Apomictic processes of Poa pratensis has been extensively discussed by several studies. We studied the parthenogenesis capability of species in Poa pratensis L. aggregation collected from seminatural habitats by auxin-test. The article presents that this asexual mode of reproduction occurs in two other species of the Poa pratensis group, in Poa angustifolia and Poa humilis too. The results add more information to the reproductive behavior of these Poa species and could be useful in plant breeding
Reproductive strategies of Poa bulbosa L. Var. vivipara KOEL. from disturbed grasses of East-Hungary
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