Silica sol – gel protective coatings against corrosion of zinc substrates

The aim of this work was the investigation of corrosion protection of zinc substrates by compact and porous silica sol-gel coatings of different thicknesses. Coatings were deposited on zinc and, for comparison, on glass substrates by dip-coating. For preparing mesoporous layers, cationic or non-ionic surfactant templates were applied. Thickness and porosity of layers on glass were determined by analyzing the transmittance spectra in terms of thin layer optical models. Surface morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy and it was found that silica coatings could not flatten out completely the surface of zinc. Corrosion tests were carried out in 0.2 g/L aqueous solution (pH=5) of Na2SO4. The electrochemical data (open-circuit potential, polarization resistance, corrosion potentials and the corrosion current densities) showed that all the coatings provided corrosion protection and it was found that two-layered coatings are more efficient that single ones. Interestingly, the porous coatings provided better protection than compact ones

A háromdimenziós power Doppler-indexek és a perinatalis kimenetel vizsgálata méhen belüli növekedési restrikcióval szövődött terhességekben | Examination of placental three-dimensional power Doppler indices and perinatal outcome in pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth restriction

Absztrakt: Bevezetés: A méhen belüli növekedési restrikció (IUGR) kialakulása az esetek egy részében anyai vagy magzati okokra és számos esetben lepényi okokra (csökkent lepényi keringés) vezethető vissza. Célkitűzés: Célkitűzésünk a csökkent lepényi erezettség/keringés és a császármetszésarány, illetve a klinikai kimenetel közötti összefüggés vizsgálata volt, továbbá megfelelően hitelesített és reprodukálható módszer használata a placenta in vivo funkcionális vizsgálatára, amely később a rutin-terhesgondozásba is beépíthető. Módszer: Prospektív eset-kontroll vizsgálatunkba 254, második és harmadik trimeszterben lévő várandóst vontunk be, akiknél vascularisatiós indexet (VI), áramlási indexet (FI) és vascularisatiós áramlási indexet (VFI) mértünk 3 dimenziós power Doppler- (3DPD) technikával. Eredmények: A VI-középérték 3,7% (3,2%–4,2%) volt az IUGR- és 10,1% (8,6%–10,9%) a kontrollcsoportban (p = 0,001). Az FI középértéke 40,0 (39,7–42,5) volt az IUGR- és 45,1 (44,1–53,1) a kontrollcsoportban (p = 0,012). A VFI esetén ezeket az értékeket 2,2-nek (2,1–2,4) és 4,8-nek (4,4–5,3) (p = 0,001) mértük. Következtetések: A 3DPD-indexek alkalmasak lehetnek az IUGR-terhességek kiszűrésére, a kórkép hátterében lévő megváltozott keringés vizsgálatára. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(26): 1008–1013. | Abstract: Introduction: Development of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) can be traced back to maternal or fetal factors, but in many cases we find placental factors (reduced placental circulation) in the background. Aim: Our aim was to examine whether the reduced placental bloodperfusion and vascularity show any correlation with cesarean section frequency and the clinical outcome in IUGR pregnancies. The aim of the present study was also to use a properly calibrated and reproducible method for evaluating placental blood flow, that can later be incorporated into the routine examination. Method: 254 women were recruited in our prospective case-control study. The 3 dimensional power Doppler (3DPD) ultrasound indices; vascularisation index (VI), flow index (FI) and vascularization flow index (VFI) were measured on each participant. Results: Median VI was 3.7% (interquartile range [IQR] 3.2%–4.2%) in the IUGR group and 10.1% (IQR 8.6%–10.9%) in the control group (p = 0.001). Median FI value was 40.0 (IQR 39.7–42.5) in the IUGR group and 45.1 (IQR 44.1–53.1) in the control group (p = 0.012). Median VFI was 2.2 (IQR 2.1–2.4) in the IUGR group and 4.8 (IQR 4.4–5.3) in the control. Conclusions: The 3DPD indices may be useful for examining changes in circulation in IUGR pregnancies to characterize the underlying pathology. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(26): 1008–1013

Agronomic benefits of long term trials

Long term trials have been established in favour of exploring and observing plant and soil interrelations on site. We may determine long term trials as live instruments providing ceteris paribus conditions in temporal sequences. This review is dealing with the introduction to major long term trials in the World and in Hungary. Giving a brief summary on plant nutritional research roots beginning with some data from Homer, and the fabulous initial willow tree experiment of van Helmont, as well as the basic inventions of physiological processes by von Liebig, Lawes and Boussingault. The most profound long term trials like Padova’s Orto Botanico, the Linné Garden of Uppsala and the Broadbalk of Rothamsted are presented in the lecture. Agronomic, educational and scientific benefits of the major Hungarian long term trials are also discussed from Westsik 1929 via Maronvásár and the National Plant Nutrition Trials (OMTK) founded in 1963. There is a list of experimental sites giving information on the most important recent long term trial locations and the activities

Detailed characteristics of post-discharge mortality in acute pancreatitis

The in-hospital survival of patients suffering from acute pancreatitis (AP) is 95-98%. However, there is growing evidence that patients discharged after AP may be at risk of serious morbidity and mortality. Here, we aimed to investigate the risk, causes, and predictors of the most severe consequence of the post-AP period: mortality.2,613, well-characterized patients from twenty-five centers were collected and followed by the Hungarian Pancreatic Study Group between 2012 and 2021. A general and a hospital-based population was used as the control group.After an AP episode patients have an approximately three-fold higher incidence rate of mortality than the general population (0.0404vs.0.0130 person-years). First-year mortality after discharge was almost double than in-hospital mortality (5.5%vs.3.5%), with 3.0% occurring in the first 90-day period. Age, comorbidities, and severity were the most significant independent risk factors for death following AP. Furthermore, multivariate analysis identified creatinine, glucose, and pleural fluid on admission as independent risk factors associated with post-discharge mortality. In the first 90-day period, cardiac failure and AP-related sepsis were among the main causes of death following discharge, while cancer-related cachexia and non-AP-related infection were the key causes in the later phase.Almost as many patients in our cohort die in the first 90-day period after discharge as during their hospital stay. Evaluation of cardiovascular status, follow-up of local complications, and cachexia-preventing oncological care should be an essential part of post-AP patient care. Future study protocols in AP must include at least a 90-day follow-up period after discharge

Nanostructured antireflective bilayers: Optical design and preparation

We show different methods for tailoring and fabrication of various cost-effective antireflective nanocoatings on transparent and non-transparent substrates. The main purpose was to prepare coatings with decreased reflectance in the full visible wavelength range using simple wet layer deposition techniques. Structure of coatings was designed by optical simulations applying simplified calculations. The refractive index of substrates was also considered for the calculations. The advantageous optical properties were achieved by bilayered structures combining compact and porous sol–gel derived oxide layers and nanoparticulate films. The bilayered structures enhance the flexibility of design by not only the selection of the layer thicknesses but also by different ways of adjusting the effective refractive index of the layers. Furthermore, chemical stability of the coatings was also investigated. The optical and structural properties of prepared films and bilayered coatings were studied by UV–vis spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The transmittance of coated glass substrates was above 97.5%, while the reflectance of coated silicon substrates was below 4% between 450 nm and 900 nm

Az emlő mammográfiás szervezett szűrésének citológiai minőségbiztosítása = Quality assurance of fine-needle aspiration cytology of the organized mammography screening

A Nemzeti Népegészségügyi Program az emlőrák szervezett szűrését biztosítja. Célkitűzés: Dolgozatunk célja a szervezett emlőrákszűrés során a mammográfia, illetve ultrahangvizsgálatokkal nem negatív elváltozások aspirációs citológiai diagnózisainak minőségbiztosítása. Módszer: A citológiai diagnózisokat 5 kategóriába (C1, C2, C3, C4, C5) soroltuk. A citológiai módszer diagnosztikus érzékenységét a szövettani eredményekhez viszonyítva elemeztük. Eredmények: Összesen 47718 mammográfiás és ultrahangvizsgálattal a kóros emlőelváltozásokból 1361 citológiai vizsgálatot végeztünk. A leggyakoribb diagnózis benignus (805 eset, 59, 1%), illetve carcinoma (187 eset, 13,7%) volt. Az összesített pozitív, negatív esetek számításánál a szenzitivitás 91%, a specificitás 88%, a pozitív prediktív érték 96,6%, a negatív prediktív érték 71%-nak (p<0,001) bizonyult. Megbeszélés: Megállapítottuk, hogy tanulmányunkban az emlőelváltozások vékonytű-aspirációs citológiai vizsgálatainak minőségbiztosítási eredményei megfelelnek, és több tekintetben jobbak a nemzetközileg elvárt követelményeknél. | The National Public Health Program has established the organized mammography screening in Hungary. Aim: The aim of our study was to determine the quality assurance of breast aspiration cytology. Method: Cytology results were rated to 5 categories (C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5). All cytology reports were compared with the final histology diagnosis. Results: 1361 women had aspiration cytology diagnosis performed from a total of 47718 mammography non-negative lesions. There were 805 (59.1%) benign and 187 (13.7%) malignant alterations. Sensitivity was 91%, specificity 88%, positive predictive value 96.6% and negative predictive value turned to be 71% (p<0.001). Conclusion: The auditing values of fine needle aspiration cytology in our laboratory meet, or in certain aspects exceed the proposed minimum threshold values

A „szürke zóna” az emlőrák mammográfiás szervezett szűrésében. Citológiai-hisztológiai tanulmány = The “gray zone” in fine-needle aspiration cytology of the organized mammography screening. Cytohistological correlation

A Nemzeti Népegészségügyi Program az emlőrák szervezett szűrését biztosítja. Célkitűzés: A szerzők vizsgálatának célja az emlő mammográfiás szervezett szűrésében diagnosztizált, „szürke zóná”-ba klasszifikált elváltozások követése és hisztopatológiai összehasonlítása. Módszer: A citológiai diagnózisokat C3, valószínűleg benignus atípiával, illetve C4, malignitásra gyanús terminológiába sorolták. Eredmények: 47 718 szűrésből, a mammográfiás és ultrahangvizsgálatokkal kórosnak bizonyult emlőelváltozásokból 1361 citológiai vizsgálatot végeztek. A „szürke zóná”-ba 183 (13,4%) beteg tartozott, C3 105 (7,8%), C4 78 (5,7%). A 105 C3-esetből 61 (58%) esetében történt műtét, és 20 (32,8%) szövetminta carcinomának, 41 (67,2%) benignusnak bizonyult. A C4 diagnózisok közül 78-ban (100%) végeztek operációt, 69 (88,4%) volt hisztológiailag malignus, 9 (11,6%) pedig jóindulatú volt. Következtetések: A szerzők megállapították, hogy tanulmányukban a szervezett emlőszűrés citológiai diagnosztikájában a „szürke zóná”-ba tartozó esetek minőségbiztosítási eredményei megfelelnek a nemzetközileg elvárt követelményeknek. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 292–295. | The National Public Health Program has established the organized mammography screening in Hungary. The aim of this study was to conduct an audit of “gray zone” smears of the organized mammography screening in comparison with histopathological diagnoses. Methods: Cytology results were rated to C3 atypia probably benign and C4 suspicious of malignancy. Results: 1361 women had aspiration cytology performed from a total of 47,718 mammography non-negative lesions. 105 (7.8%) were diagnosed as C3, whereas 78 (5.7) as C4. Of the 105 patients with C3 diagnosis 61 (58%) patients underwent surgical biopsy. Histology proved malignancy in 20 (32.8%) cases, and benign lesion in 41 (67.2%) cases. All (100%) of the 78 patients with C4 diagnosis had open biopsies; 69 (88.4%) cases were histologically malignant and 9 (11.6%) cases were benign lesions. Conclusion: The auditing results of fine needle aspiration cytology of “gray zone” in organized mammography screening meet the proposed threshold values. Authors conclude that the “gray zone” category in breast cytology is useful and of value if used judiciously. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 292–295