PIGMENT-BASED CHEMOTAXONOMY OF THE PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITY FROM A MARINE MUSSEL FARMING AREA

Microscopy technique is traditionally employed for assessing phytoplankton taxonomy. However, chemical approaches, such as the identification of biomarker pigments, allow to elucidate microalgae groups more quickly, in addition to detecting these valuable compounds. This study aimed to identify the pigment profile of microalgae species and to determine the seasonal pigment fluctuation in a marine mussel farm. Water samples were collected periodically between the years of 2014 and 2015. Phytoplanktonic organisms were isolated and cultivated in f/2 liquid medium under controlled temperature and light cycle. Cell content extracts from each unialgal culture and water sample were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Pigment profiles of 13 marine microalgae strains were identified (12 Diatoms and 1 Dinoflagellate). Chlorophyll a and fucoxanthin were most present in Diatoms, while peridinin was the major carotenoid in Prorocentrum micans. Bacillariophyceae had higher density in the summer and fall. Dinophyceae, Cryptophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Prasinophyceae, Dictyophyceae and Ebriidea, had an increase in density during winter and spring. Following the trend of phytoplankton groups, pigments such as fucoxanthin, zeaxanthin, diadinoxanthin, chlorophyll c3 and c2, were identified throughout the year. Prasinoxanthin, peridinin, dinoxanthin and antheraxanthin were identified in samples collected during winter and spring.Microscopy technique istraditionally employed for assessing phytoplankton taxonomy. However, chemical approaches, such as the identification ofbiomarkers, allow to elucidate microalgae groups. This study aimed to identify the pigment profile of isolated microalgae speciesand to determine the seasonal pigment fluctuation in water samples from a marine mussel farm located in Armação doItapocoroy (26º47’00’’S, 48º36’30’'W), Brazil. For unialgal cultures, phytoplanktonic organisms were isolated and cultivated in f/2liquid medium under controlled temperature and light cycle. Cell content extracts were obtained and the pigment content for each species analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Pigment profiles of 13 marine microalgae were identified (12 Diatoms and 1 Dinoflagellate). Chlorophyll a and c2 were detected in all species. Fucoxanthin was not detected only in Prorocentrum micans, and diadinoxanthin was not detected only in O. mobiliensis. Chlorophyll a and fucoxanthin were most present in Diatoms, while peridinin was the major carotenoid in P. micans. For assessing the seasonal pigment fluctuation, water samples were collected periodically (within one to three weeks interval) through the years of 2014 and 2015. Along with microscopy counting, pigment present in the water samples were analyzed by HPLC. Bacillariophyceae had higher density in the summer and fall. On the other side Dinophyceae, Cryptophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Prasinophyceae, Dictyophyceae and Ebriidea, had an increase in density during winter and spring. Pigments such as fucoxanthin, zeaxanthin, diadinoxanthin, chlorophyll c3 and c2, were detected in samples throughout the year. Whereas prasinoxanthin, peridinin, dinoxanthin and antheraxanthin were detected mainly in samples collected during winter and spring

Ocorrência de Euglenophyceae pigmentadas em rizipiscicultura na Região do Vale do Itajaí, SC, Sul do Brasil

O estudo de uma amostra oriunda do cultivo de arroz irrigado (Oriza sativa L.) associado com criação de carpa comum (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758), em um ambiente raso (20 m² × 0,30 m de prof.), na Região do Vale do Itajaí, Santa Catarina (26º53'33''S, 048º49'41''W), resultou na identificação de 48 morfoespécies da classe Euglenophyceae, representados pelos gêneros Euglena, Lepocinclis, Phacus, Strombomonas e Trachelomonas. O gênero Trachelomonas foi o que apresentou o maior número de táxons (26%). Destacou-se Euglena caudata Hübnere Euglena sanguinea Ehr. pelo elevado número de indivíduos por lâmina. Vinte e oito táxons são primeiras citações de ocorrência para o estado de Santa Catarina. São fornecidas descrições, chaves dicotômicas, dimensões, relação entre o comprimento e a largura celular (Rc/l), ilustrações dos táxons e distribuição geográfica mundial

Implementação e avaliação do monitoramento de algas nocivas e de ficotoxinas em um cultivo de moluscos em Florianópolis – SC

Florações de algas nocivas são eventos naturais que ocorrem em todos os oceanos e podem estar associadas com a presença de toxinas que afetam a saúde humana. Neste trabalho monitorou-se a ocorrência de toxinas causadoras de PSP, DSP e ASP em moluscos cultivados no Ribeirão da Ilha em Florianópolis entre fevereiro e setembro de 2006. Amostras para identificação do fitoplancton e variáveis ambientais também foram coletadas. A temperatura da água variou entre 17 e 28 ºC, a salinidade de 32 a 35 ‰ e a transparência da água de 0,6 a 3,1 metros, condições frequentemente observadas nesta área. A clorofila a variou de 1,1 a 5,9 mg m-3 caracterizando um ambiente mesotrofico. Os nutrientes dissolvidos não apresentaram valores anômalos, destacando as baixas concentrações de fosfato que indicam a pequena contribuição fluvial na região. Espécies nocivas observadas foram D. acuminata e D. caudata presentes nas amostras de rede de plâncton. P. minimum e o gênero Pseudo-nitzschia tiveram suas densidades máxima em 7,2x103 e 4,6x104 cél.L-1 respectivamente. Espécies não toxinas dominaram a comunidade fitoplanctonica (média de 3x105 cél.L 1) durante o período observado quando também não se observa ou a presença de toxinas nos tecidos dos moluscos.Phytoplankton blooms are natural event and when it is associated with a harmful effect, they are called harmful algal bloom. Globally, the main syndromes caused by phycotoxins are PSP, DSP and ASP. This paper describes the results of the monitoring of the occurrence of harmful algae and phycotoxins at Ribeirão da Ilha, a mussel culturing area at Baia Sul/Florianópolis, southern Brazil, behind February and September of 2006.The occurrence of phycotoxins in Perna perna tissue was accessed by mouse bioassay and high performance liquid chromatography, while the presence of harmful species by light microscopy, from net and integral tube samples. The water temperature ranged form 17 to 28 ºC, the salinity from 32 to 35 ‰ and the transparency from 0.6 to 3.1 meters. Chlorophyll a varied from 1.1 to 5.9 mg m-3, characterizing this as a mesotrophic environment. Harmful species observed included Dinophysis acuminata and D. caudata in plankton net samples and P. minimum and some species of Pseudonitzschia at low counting, with a maximum of 7.2x103 and 4.6x104 cél.L-1, respectively. Samples were dominated by nontoxic algae, with an average of 3x105 cél.L-1, causing the observed negative results for toxin analysis and bioassays