Mentol como anestésico natural para guppy

The objective of this study was to evaluate different menthol concentrations for the anesthesia of adult females, adult males, and juvenile guppy (Poecilia reticulata). To this end, 30 adult females (0.379 ± 0.108 g), 30 adult males (0.220 ± 0.049 g), and 30 juveniles (0.033 ± 0.016 g) were used. The animals were individually exposed to five concentrations of menthol (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg L-1), six fish per concentration. The induction times, anesthetic recovery, and mortality up to 96 h after the experiment were evaluated. The concentration of 50 mg L-1 did not induce anesthesia in any of the studied groups. The concentrations of 100 and 250 mg L-1 resulted in 100% mortality in the adults (male and female) and juveniles, respectively. The concentrations from 150 to 250 mg L-1 and from 150 to 200 mg L-1 of menthol were efficient and safe for use as anesthesia for guppy adults (male and female) and juveniles, respectively.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar diferentes concentrações de mentol para anestesia de fêmeas adultas, machos adultos e juvenis de guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Para isto, foram utilizadas 30 fêmeas adultas (0,379 ± 0,108 g), 30 machos adultos (0,220 ± 0,049 g) e 30 juvenis (0,033 ± 0,016 g). Os animais foram expostos, individualmente, a cinco concentrações de mentol (50, 100, 150, 200 e 250 mg L-1), seis peixes por concentração, sendo avaliados os tempos de indução e recuperação anestésica e a mortalidade até 96 h após a realização do experimento. A concentração de 50 mg L-1 não induziu a anestesia em nenhum dos grupos avaliados. As concentrações de 100 e 250 mg L-1 ocasionaram a mortalidade de 100% dos adultos (machos e fêmeas) e juvenis, respectivamente. As concentrações de 150 a 250 mg L-1 e 150 a 200 mg L-1 de mentol demonstram eficácia e segurança para anestesia de adultos (machos e fêmeas) e juvenis de guppy, respectivamente

Improvement of Matrinxã, Brycon amazonicus, Larviculture by Exposing Eggs to Triiodothyronine

This work evaluated the effect of triiodothyronine (T3) on larviculture of matrinxã, Brycon amazonicus. Oocytes of three females were pooled, fertilized with pooled semen of two males and separated in four batches that were immersed in triiodothyronine solutions as follows: M1 (control - water); M2 (0.01mg/L T3); M3 (0.05mg/L T3); and M4 (0.1mg/L T3). Triiodothyronine did not affect fertilization rate and number of hatched larvae. Weight of hatched larvae was significantly higher in treatments M3 and M4, as well as among larvae sampled at Day 12 in all treatments. After 12d of rearing, biomass gain was higher in the hormone treatments (M1 688±569mg; M2 2436±562mg; M3 3572±569mg; and M4 4129±770mg). In general, coefficients of variation of weight (CVw) and length (CVl) did not differ among treatments and cannibalism was registered between 36 and 72hours post-hatching (h.p.h.) without differences among treatments. Larval survival increased in the hormone treatments (M1 26.5%; M2 37.6%; M3 40.6%; and M4 40.8%). The results indicate that the immersion of matrinxã eggs in triiodothyronine can promote beneficial effects to its larviculture and indicate promising perspectives for culture of this tropical species. © by the World Aquaculture Society 2013

Physiological responses of piau (Leporinus friderici, Bloch 1794) to transportation

ABSTRACT -This study evaluated stress indicators of juvenile piau (Leporinus friderici) during and after a 4-hour transportation in order to establish an appropriate transportation protocol for this type of fish. Fish were transported in plastic bags (133.1 g/L) and sampled before loading, during 1, 2, 3 and 4 h and after transportation (2, 6, 12 and 24 h). Blood samples were analyzed for cortisol and glucose levels, hematocrit, hemoglobin level, number and mean corpuscular volume of erythrocytes. Water pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature and ammonia were monitored before, during and after transportation. No mortality was observed through the experiment. Ammonia levels increased throughout transportation, but the low pH values kept NH 3 in safe levels for fish. Cortisol levels increased within 4 h of transportation, and returned to control condition 2 h after arrival. Plasma glucose increased within one hour of transportation, reaching peak value within 4 h and returning to initial condition 2 h after arrival. Erythrocyte number and hemoglobin levels showed the lowest levels 2 h after arrival, and mean corpuscular volume increased during transportation, decreasing at 12 and 24 h after arrival. Transporting piau is stressful, but fish recover the initial condition in short time, showing tolerance to the changes in the water quality parameters

Qualidade microbiológica do mel de Melipona sp. produzido na amazônia central, Parintins, AM, Brasil

Fifteen samples of honey were collected directly from the hives in different meliponary at rural and urban areas of Parintins County. Molds and yeasts were quantified by counting in Petri dishes containing potato dextrose agar (pH 3.5) and incubated for until seven days. Total and thermotolerant coliforms were quantified by the technique of multiple tube fermentation, then determining the most probable number per gram. Molds and yeasts occurred an average of 71.9 x 102 colony forming units per gram (CFU/mL). Filamentous fungi occurred in 80% samples (average of 2.8 x 102 CFU/mL), while yeasts occurred in 100% of the samples (average of 62.2 x 102 CFU/mL). Five samples (33.33%) had total coliforms and thermotolerant, and three of these were within the limits tolerated by law. Statistical analysis showed no relationship between the microbiological quality of samples and the type of environment (rural or urban) in which it was collected. The Pearson correlation coefficient (0.89, p = 0.000) demonstrated a correlation between the amounts of molds and yeasts and coliforms. The highest count of microorganisms in the beginning of the season suggests a relationship between microbiological quality and availability of flowers to bees.Quinze amostras de mel foram coletadas diretamente das colméias em diferentes meliponários nas zonas rural e urbana do município de Parintins. Bolores e leveduras foram quantificados por contagem em placas de Petri contendo Agar Batata Dextrose (pH 3,5), incubadas por até sete dias. Coliformes totais e termotolerantes foram quantificados pela técnica de fermentação em tubos múltiplos, determinando-se a seguir o número mais provável por grama. Bolores e leveduras ocorreram em média de 71,9 x 102 Unidades Formadoras de Colônias por grama (UFC/mL). Fungos filamentosos ocorreram em 80% amostras (média de 2,8 x 102 UFC/mL), enquanto leveduras ocorreram em 100% das amostras (média de 62,2 x 102 UFC/mL). Cinco amostras (33,33%) apresentaram contaminação por coliformes totais e termotolerantes, sendo que três destas encontravam-se dentro dos limites tolerados pela legislação em vigor. A análise estatística demonstrou não haver relação entre a qualidade microbiológica das amostras e o tipo de ambiente (rural ou urbano) na qual foram coletadas. O coeficiente de correlação de Pearson (0,89; p=0,000) demonstrou correlação entre os quantitativos de bolores e leveduras e coliformes. A contagem de microrganismos obtida no início da safra sugere relação entre qualidade microbiológica e disponibilidade de flores às abelhas