42,873 research outputs found
Convex Trace Functions on Quantum Channels and the Additivity Conjecture
We study a natural generalization of the additivity problem in quantum
information theory: given a pair of quantum channels, then what is the set of
convex trace functions that attain their maximum on unentangled inputs, if they
are applied to the corresponding output state?
We prove several results on the structure of the set of those convex
functions that are "additive" in this more general sense. In particular, we
show that all operator convex functions are additive for the Werner-Holevo
channel in 3x3 dimensions, which contains the well-known additivity results for
this channel as special cases.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure. Published versio
Geometric phases in electric dipole searches with trapped spin-1/2 particles in general fields and measurement cells of arbitrary shape with smooth or rough walls
The important role of geometric phases in searches for a permanent electric
dipole moment of the neutron, using Ramsey separated oscillatory field nuclear
magnetic resonance, was first noted by Commins and investigated in detail by
Pendlebury et al. Their analysis was based on the Bloch equations. In
subsequent work using the spin density matrix Lamoreaux and Golub showed the
relation between the frequency shifts and the correlation functions of the
fields seen by trapped particles in general fields (Redfield theory). More
recently we presented a solution of the Schr\"odinger equation for spin-
particles in circular cylindrical traps with smooth walls and exposed to
arbitrary fields [Steyerl et al.] Here we extend this work to show how the
Redfield theory follows directly from the Schr\"odinger equation solution. This
serves to highlight the conditions of validity of the Redfield theory, a
subject of considerable discussion in the literature [e.g., Nicholas et al.]
Our results can be applied where the Redfield result no longer holds, such as
observation times on the order of or shorter than the correlation time and
non-stochastic systems and thus we can illustrate the transient spin dynamics,
i.e. the gradual development of the shift with increasing time subsequent to
the start of the free precession. We consider systems with rough, diffuse
reflecting walls, cylindrical trap geometry with arbitrary cross section, and
field perturbations that do not, in the frame of the moving particles, average
to zero in time. We show by direct, detailed, calculation the agreement of the
results from the Schr\"odinger equation with the Redfield theory for the cases
of a rectangular cell with specular walls and of a circular cell with diffuse
reflecting walls.Comment: 20 pages, 8 figure
Fundamental Plane Distances to Early-type Field Galaxies in the South Equatorial Strip. I. The Spectroscopic Data
Radial velocities and central velocity dispersions are derived for 238 E/S0
galaxies from medium-resolution spectroscopy. New spectroscopic data have been
obtained as part of a study of the Fundamental Plane distances and peculiar
motions of early-type galaxies in three selected directions of the South
Equatorial Strip, undertaken in order to investigate the reality of large-scale
streaming motion; results of this study have been reported in M\"uller
(1998). The new APM South Equatorial Strip Catalog () was used to select the sample of field galaxies in
three directions: (1) 15h10 - 16h10; (2) 20h30 - 21h50; (3) 00h10 - 01h30. The
spectra obtained have a median S/N per of 23, an instrumental
resolution (FWHM) of 4 , and the spectrograph resolution
(dispersion) is 100 km~s. The Fourier cross-correlation method
was used to derive the radial velocities and velocity dispersions. The velocity
dispersions have been corrected for the size of the aperture and for the galaxy
effective radius. Comparisons of the derived radial velocities with data from
the literature show that our values are accurate to 40 km~s. A
comparison with results from J\orgensen et al. (1995) shows that the derived
central velocity dispersion have an rms scatter of 0.036 in .
There is no offset relative to the velocity dispersions of Davies et al.
(1987).Comment: accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics Supplement
Serie
Thermal breakdown of coherent backscattering: a case study of quantum duality
We investigate coherent backscattering of light by two harmonically trapped
atoms in the light of quantitative quantum duality. Including recoil and
Doppler shift close to an optical resonance, we calculate the interference
visibility as well as the amount of which-path information, both for zero and
finite temperature.Comment: published version with minor changes and an added figur
Inheritance of Isoenzymes in European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)
Segregation of isoenzymes was studied among 34 full-sib families of Fagus sylvatica L. by means of gel electrophoresis. Of the 16 enzyme systems analyzed, two showed substantial tissue-specific expression of isoenzymes. The remaining 14 enzyme systems are controlled genetically by at least 20 polymorphic gene loci, three of which were inferred from additional population studies. The inheritance of the complex system of 6PGDH is studied in detail. A 20-locus nomenclature is suggested, including 78 codominant alleles. Analyses of two-locus combinations did not reveal linkage between any of the tested gene loc
On the commutability of homogenization and linearization in finite elasticity
We study non-convex elastic energy functionals associated to (spatially)
periodic, frame indifferent energy densities with a single non-degenerate
energy well at SO(n). Under the assumption that the energy density admits a
quadratic Taylor expansion at identity, we prove that the Gamma-limits
associated to homogenization and linearization commute. Moreover, we show that
the homogenized energy density, which is determined by a multi-cell
homogenization formula, has a quadratic Taylor expansion with a quadratic term
that is given by the homogenization of the quadratic term associated to the
linearization of the initial energy density
The structure of the ICM from High Resolution SPH simulations
We present results from a set of high (512^3 effective resolution), and
ultra-high (1024^3) SPH adiabatic cosmological simulations of cluster formation
aimed at studying the internal structure of the intracluster medium (ICM). We
derive a self-consistent analytical model of the structure of the intracluster
medium (ICM). We discuss the radial structure and scaling relations expected
from purely gravitational collapse, and show that the choice of a particular
halo model can have important consequences on the interpretation of
observational data. The validity of the approximations of hydrostatic
equilibrium and a polytropic equation of state are checked against results of
our simulations. The properties of the ICM are fully specified when a
'universal' profile is assumed for either the dark or the baryonic component.
We also show the first results from an unprecedented large-scale simulation of
500 Mpc/h and 2 times 512^3 gas and dark matter particles. This experiment will
make possible a detailed study of the large-scale distribution of clusters as a
function of their X-ray properties.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, to appear in the Proceedings of IAU Colloquium
195: "Outskirts of Galaxy Clusters: intense life in the suburbs", Torino
Italy, March 200
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