Area Efficient Design of Shift Register through Comparative Analysis of Latches and Flip-Flops

This work presents a energy and area-efficient shift register using pulsed latches. Energy consumption plays an important role in digital systems, because of the requirement to dissipate this energy in high-density circuits and the battery life need to be extended in portable systems such as devices with wireless communication capabilities. Flip-flops consume more energy in digital circuits. In flip flops timing problem occurs due to the redundancy, when the input and the output are in the same state. Several low-power techniques are available but all of them incur transistor-count penalties, leading to an increase in size. In this work the power and energy efficiency of several CMOS master–slave flip-flops and latches are designed and investigated. Among the flip-flops and latches compared, the proposed SSASPL (Static Sense Amplifier with Shared Pulse Generator) circuit is found to be the best energy and area efficient and this circuit is used to design a shift register. This method solves the timing problem through the use of multiple non-overlap delayed pulsed clock signals instead of single pulsed clock signal. The shift register designed by grouping the latches to several sub shift registers and using additional temporary storage latches but uses a small number of the pulsed clock signals. A 16-bit shift register using pulsed latches was fabricated using a 0.18 µm CMOS process with VDD = 1.8v. The proposed shift register saves 52% area and 44% power compared to the conventional shift register with flip-flops

Elliptic supersonic jet morphology manipulation using sharp-tipped lobes

Elliptic nozzle geometry is attractive for mixing enhancement of supersonic jets. However, jet dynamics, such as flapping, gives rise to high-intensity tonal sound. We experimentally manipulate the supersonic elliptic jet morphology by using two sharp-tipped lobes. The lobes are placed on either end of the minor axis in an elliptic nozzle. The design Mach number and the aspect ratio of the elliptic nozzle and the lobed nozzle are 2.0 and 1.65. The supersonic jet is exhausted into ambient at almost perfectly expanded conditions. Time-resolved schlieren imaging, longitudinal and cross-sectional planar laser Mie-scattering imaging, planar Particle Image Velocimetry, and near-field microphone measurements are performed to assess the fluidic behavior of the two nozzles. Dynamic Mode and Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (DMD and POD) analysis are carried out on the schlieren and the Mie-scattering images. Mixing characteristics are extracted from the Mie-scattering images through the image processing routines. The flapping elliptic jet consists of two dominant DMD modes, while the lobed nozzle has only one dominant mode, and the flapping is suppressed. Microphone measurements show the associated noise reduction. The jet column bifurcates in the lobed nozzle enabling a larger surface contact area with the ambient fluid and higher mixing rates in the near-field of the nozzle exit. The jet width growth rate of the two-lobed nozzle is about twice as that of the elliptic jet in the near-field, and there is a 40\% reduction in the potential core length. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) contours substantiate the results.Comment: 19 pages, 16 figures. Revised version submitted to Physics of Fluids for peer review. URL of the Video files (Fig. 6 & Fig. 14) are given in the text files (see in '/anc/*.txt'

The Coping Patterns among Primary Care Givers of the Persons with Schizophrenia - An Empirical Study

"Over the past half century, the model for mental health care has changed from the institutionalization of individuals suffering from mental disorders to a community care approach backed by the availability of beds in general hospitals for acute cases. This change is based both on respect for the human rights of individuals with mental disorders, and on the use of updated interventions and techniques" (WH0, 2001). Recovery from schizophrenia is a long-term goal and a journey that has to be made. There will be good and bad days in the journey, and it may be easy to get tired of fighting the illness and give up. Support and encouragement for the   Person getting the family to take a constructive role in the journey are important. This is way it is so important to have someone who can help and guide the person and the families managing the illness and the social problems. The present empirical study on the Coping Patterns among primary   care   givers   of   the persons with schizophrenia by researchers would definitely through light to practitioners to intervene. By adopting systematic random sampling procedure the authors have drawn 60 samples, from every second name among the list of 120 universes. A self prepared questionnaire has been used to collect socio-demographic data and to measure the level of coping patterns the three point scale developed by  Priya Daniyal (1997)  has been used. The study reveals that the majority (72%) of the respondents expressed overall high level of coping mechanism. Keywords: Coping Patterns, Schizophrenia, Primary care-givers and community care approach

A Scheme to Implement a Universal Two-Qubit Quantum Circuit using Cross-Resonance Hamiltonian

In this brief report, we propose a circuit which is locally equivalent to a recently proposed universal two-qubit quantum circuit involving two applications of special perfect entanglers (SPEs) and local y-rotations. Further, we discuss a scheme of implementation of the equivalent circuit using cross-resonance Hamiltonian. Finally, we implement the B-gate circuit using a CNOT gate and a $\sqrt{\text{CNOT}}$ gate. This requires the implementation time which is approximately 64.84% of the time required to implement the same gate using two CNOT gates.Comment: 6 pages, Research in progress, Comments are welcom

Formalization and analysis of a resource allocation security protocol for secure service migration

The advent of virtual machine technology for example, VMware, and container technology, such as Docker, have made the migration of services between different Cloud Systems possible. This enables the development of mobile services that can ensure low latencies between servers and their mobile clients resulting in better QOS. Though there are many mechanisms in place to support for mobile services, a key component that is missing is the development of security protocols that allow the safe transfer of servers to different Cloud environments. In this paper, we propose a Resource Allocation Security Protocol for secure service migration. We explore two approaches; In the first approach, the protocol is developed and formally verified by Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications tool. The protocol satisfies the security properties of secrecy and authentication. In addition, nonces are used for replay protection and to ensure freshness. In the second approach, a secure symmetrical session key is used to do the safe transfer and an automatic cryptographic protocol verifier ProVerif is employed to verify secrecy, authentication and key exchange

Fuzzy-based fault-tolerant and instant synchronization routing technique in wireless sensor network for rapid transit system

In the present era, rapid transits are one of the most affordable means of public transport with various useful integrated application systems. The majority of the integrated applications are deployed in concern over safety and precautionary measures against the worst side-effects of unfortunate emergencies. For such cases, high-end reliable and autonomous systems provide possible positive solutions. Wireless Sensor Network is one of the suitable choices for rapid transit applications to gain positive results with inexpensive implementation cost. However, managing few network consequences like fault tolerance, energy balancing and routing critical informative packets are considered to be the challenging task due to their limited resource usage restriction. In this paper, a novel fuzzy logic-based fault tolerance and instant synchronized routing technique have been proposed specifically for the rapid transit system. On utilizing the fuzzy logic concepts, most of the computational complexities and uncertainties of the system is reduced. The central thematic of the proposed design is concerned over the synchronized routing and permanent faults which abruptly depicts the non-functional nature of the sensor nodes during normal operations. Moreover, our proposed simulation outcomes proved to be improvised evidence on obtaining maximum packet delivery ratio which tends to handle an emergency situation in the compartments of rapid transits

Effects of selected asana practices on flexibility and balance among school level taekwondo athlete

To achieve the purpose of this study, a school level taekwondo Athlete were selected from Premier Vidya Vikash School, Coimbatore. The selected (N= 30) thirty subjects were randomly divided into two equal groups (n-15), experimental group named as asana programme and control group. The pre-test was conducted on selected physiological variables (flexibility and balance), for all the groups. The readings were carefully regarded in the respective unit as pre-test score. After pre-test experimental group was treated with sit and reach test and stork balance test programme and the control group was not treated with any special programme. They kept as a control group. The subject was tested on criterion measures on flexibility – Sit and Reach Test and balance- Stroke balance the readings were carefully recorded in their respective units as pre-test score. The experimental groups underwent the respective training schedule one half hour per day in the morning session for a period of six weeks. After completion of 6 weeks of training, all the two groups were tested again on flexibility and balance the scores were recorded in their respected units as post-test scores. The pre and post test scores were taken for appropriate statistical analysis. In order to find out the significant changes if any paired ‘t’ ratio was be applied 0.05 level of confidence. The present study experimented effects of selected asana practices on flexibility and balance among school level taekwondo athlete. The result of this study indicated that there was is a change in flexibility and balance due to the proper planning, preparation, and execution of the training package given to the athlet