Corporations—Restrictions on Alienation of Stock—When Valid

The validity of a charter provision giving the directors of a corporation the unrestricted power to purchase, retire, or cancel common stock at will was challenged by a newly retired employee whose stock had been called by the company. Held: the provision was not invalid per se and would support a call of common shares if not exercised arbitrarily. Plaintiff’s refusal to comply with the corporate decree was based upon his contention that the broad power of the call provision created an unreasonable “restraint on alienation.” However, plaintiff had been an officer and director of the corporation for over 25 years, and had voted for the adoption of the challenged provision. He knew that the purpose of the provision was to keep all stock in the hands of active officers and directors and that it had been an invariable practice for retiring officers and directors to sell their stock either to other shareholders or to the corporation. While the decision is thus justified by the facts, it may appear to sanction an arbitrary call power much broader than is required to achieve the end which motivated it, i.e., keeping all stock in the hands of active officers and directors

Arts and Humanities: Budget (1974-1976): Report 07

<p>Leymus innovatus subsp. velutinus. Kuc 405 (CAN 432023)</p

Design Arts (1994-1995): Correspondence 01

<p>Pinguicula vulgaris. Saarela, Gillespie, Sokoloff & Bull 2565 (CAN 601975)</p

Constitutional Law—Due Process—Right to Counsel in State Felony Proceedings

Petitioner, under a life sentence imposed by a state court, brought a writ of habeas corpus alleging violation of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in that while he was of unsound mind and unassisted by counsel, he was tried and convicted of a charge carrying a mandatory life sentence. The lower court dismissed the writ without a hearing. Held: reversed, a hearing on the issue of insanity was required. If the allegations were true, the failure to assign counsel violated the Fourteenth Amendment since a trial which left the defense to a man who was insane and who by reason of his mental condition was unable to raise the insanity issue was unfair. The accused in a federal felony proceeding is assured the right to counsel under the Sixth Amendment. In state felony proceedings, however, the Sixth Amendment is held inapplicable; instead the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment controls. In interpreting the Due Process Clause, the Supreme Court has required counsel only where the absence of counsel was prejudicial to fundamental rights of the accused. In an attempt to define this vague standard, the nine members of the Court have frequently disagreed on what constitutes a prejudicial situation. The majority, following a case-by-case method of definition, has established certain categories of situations which are considered prejudicial if counsel is absent, e.g., where there is (1) a young and inexperienced defendant; (2) a mentally deficient defendant; (3) a possibility of a death sentence; (4) a defendant who is a stranger to our language and our courts; (5) deception by the prosecution; (6) a biased or careless judge; or (7) complexity of issues. A minority of the Court has constantly argued that the lack of counsel in any felony proceeding is prejudicial to the fundamental rights of the accused. The instant case adheres to the majority’s rationale and establishes yet another situation in which the lack of counsel creates a potential danger to the fundamental rights of the accused; viz, the possibility of an insane defendant

Plukenetieae combined partitioned dataset

154 terminal, 2381 character, combined psbA-trnH, psbA-trnH indels, and ITS dataset of tribe Plukenetieae and outgroups (Euphorbiaceae). This nexus file includes the full alignment, exclusion sets, and partitions

The Arctic Flora of Canada and Alaska Project.

<b>Abstract:</b><div>The Arctic Flora of Canada and Alaska project aims to produce a new flora treating all vascular plants (ca. 800 species) in the Arctic ecozone in Canada and northern Alaska. Our research team includes botanists from Canada, Norway, and the United States, and is being led by researchers at the Canadian Museum of Nature. We are using a web platform to move the Flora beyond traditional standards, and to produce a treatment that is digital and interactive, taking full advantage of current web and database technologies. The flora will include parallel taxon descriptions, dichotomous keys, detailed nomenclatural data, common names, information on traditional uses, taxonomic comments, and will be richly illustrated with photographs taken in the field and of herbarium specimens showing characters important for accurate identification. Tracking specimens examined will allow future verification of distributional and descriptive data, and will facilitate production of dynamic distribution maps. The Arctic Flora of Canada and Alaska website (http://arcticplants.myspecies.info) will be updated with content on an ongoing basis. The Flora will eventually serve as the key source of information for anybody who requires accurate and up-to-date information on the Arctic flora, including those involved in Arctic terrestrial monitoring, students in the north and elsewhere, and the international botanical community. It will also serve as an up-to-date source of baseline information on plant biodiversity in one of the worlds’ most climate-threatened ecosystems.<div><i><br></i></div><div><i>Poster presented at the XIX International Botanical Congress, Shenzhen, China, 23–29 July 2017. </i></div></div

Puccinellia banksiensis. Gillespie, Saarela, Consaul & Bull 8146-2 (CAN 592688)

<p>Puccinellia banksiensis. Gillespie, Saarela, Consaul & Bull 8146-2 (CAN 592688)</p

Vascular plant biodiversity and floristics of the Canadian Arctic

<p><b>Abstract:</b></p><p>Despite nearly 200 years of exploration, substantial gaps remain in our understanding of the diversity and distribution of the vascular plant flora of the Canadian Arctic, which comprises over one third of the global Arctic ecozone. Detailed information on the diversity and distribution of Arctic plants is urgently needed to understand the potential impacts of climate change on the region’s flora. Since 2008 we have been conducting detailed floristic surveys in botanically-understudied regions of the Canadian Arctic. The comprehensive baseline data of our >8000 new collections, all housed in the National Herbarium of Canada and other herbaria in Canada and internationally, adds important knowledge to our understanding of Arctic plant biodiversity. Many of our collections represent first records for specific areas, others represent the second or third collections of poorly-known species at the edge of their ranges in the Canadian Arctic, and many fill in gaps in the known distributions of Arctic species. We will summarize our floristic work to date in the context of current understanding of the Canadian Arctic flora, with a focus on our many particularly noteworthy discoveries. </p><p><i>Poster presented at XIX International Botanical Congress, Shenzhen, China, 23–29 July 2017.<br></i></p><p><br></p><p><br></p

Eriophorum brachyantherum. Gillespie, Saarela, Doubt, Bull & Sokoloff 10091 (CAN 598596)

<p>Eriophorum brachyantherum. Gillespie, Saarela, Doubt, Bull & Sokoloff 10091 (CAN 598596)</p

Eriophorum brachyantherum. Gillespie, Saarela, Doubt, Bull & Sokoloff 9982 (CAN 598924)

<p>Eriophorum brachyantherum. Gillespie, Saarela, Doubt, Bull & Sokoloff 9982 (CAN 598924)</p