23 research outputs found
Move of a large but delicate apparatus on a trailer with air-ride suspension
When valuable delicate goods are shipped by truck, attention must be paid to
vibrations that may cause damage. We present a case study of moving an
extremely delicate 6230-kg superconducting magnet, immersed in liquid nitrogen,
from Livermore, CA to Seattle, WA showing the steps of fatigue analysis of the
load, a test move, and acceleration monitoring of the final move to ensure a
successful damage-free transport
Oxidative Aromatization of 4,7-dihydro-6-nitroazolo[1,5-a] Pyrimidines: Synthetic Possibilities and Limitations, Mechanism of Destruction, and the Theoretical and Experimental Substantiation
The reaction tolerance of the multicomponent process between 3-aminoazoles, 1-morpholino2-nitroalkenes, and aldehydes was studied. The main patterns of this reaction have been established. Conditions for the oxidation of 4,7-dihydro-6-nitroazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines were selected. Previous claims that the 4,7-dihydro-6-nitroazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines could not be aromatised have now been refuted. Compounds with an electron-donor substituent at position seven undergo decomposition during oxidation. The phenomenon was explained based on experimental data, electro-chemical experiment, and quantum-chemical calculation. The mechanism of oxidative degradation has been proposed. Β© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Funding: The synthetic part was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, State Contract no FEUZ-2020-0058 (H687.42B.223/20). The electrochemical research and the quantum chemical calculations was funded by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), project number 20-03-00814
CK2 Inhibition and Antitumor Activity of 4,7-Dihydro-6-nitroazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines
Today, cancer is one of the most widespread and dangerous human diseases with a high mortality rate. Nevertheless, the search and application of new low-toxic and effective drugs, combined with the timely diagnosis of diseases, makes it possible to cure most types of tumors at an early stage. In this work, the range of new polysubstituted 4,7-dihydro-6-nitroazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines was extended. The structure of all the obtained compounds was confirmed by the data of 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. These compounds were evaluated against human recombinant CK2 using the ADP-GloTM assay. In addition, the IC50 parameters were calculated based on the results of the MTT test against glioblastoma (A-172), embryonic rhabdomyosarcoma (Rd), osteosarcoma (Hos), and human embryonic kidney (Hek-293) cells. Compounds 5f, 5h, and 5k showed a CK2 inhibitory activity close to the reference molecule (staurosporine). The most potential compound in the MTT test was 5m with an IC50 from 13 to 27 Β΅M. Thus, our results demonstrate that 4,7-dihydro-6-nitroazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines are promising for further investigation of their antitumor properties. Β© 2022 by the authors.Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation,Β Minobrnauka: FEUZ-2020β0058,Β H687.42B.223/20This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, State Contract β FEUZ-2020β0058 (H687.42B.223/20)
New heterocyclic compounds of the azolopyrimidine series with pronounced antitumor activity
The purpose of the study was to study the effect of new azolopyrimidine compounds on the viability of cultured tumor cells and to identify promising compounds for the development of new antitumor drugs.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²
Observations of the Interaction and Transport of Fine Mode Aerosols With Cloud and/or Fog in Northeast Asia From Aerosol Robotic Network and Satellite Remote Sensing
Analysis of Sun photometer measured and satellite retrieved aerosol optical depth (AOD) datahas shown that major aerosol pollution events with very highfine mode AOD (>1.0 in midvisible) in theChina/Korea/Japan region are often observed to be associated with significant cloud cover. This makesremote sensing of these events difficult even for high temporal resolution Sun photometer measurements.Possible physical mechanisms for these events that have high AOD include a combination of aerosolhumidification, cloud processing, and meteorological covariation with atmospheric stability andconvergence. The new development of Aerosol Robotic Network Version 3 Level 2 AOD with improved cloudscreening algorithms now allow for unprecedented ability to monitor these extremefine mode pollutionevents. Further, the spectral deconvolution algorithm (SDA) applied to Level 1 data (L1; no cloud screening)provides an even more comprehensive assessment offine mode AOD than L2 in current and previous dataversions. Studying the 2012 winter-summer period, comparisons of Aerosol Robotic Network L1 SDA dailyaveragefine mode AOD data showed that Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer satellite remotesensing of AOD often did not retrieve and/or identify some of the highestfine mode AOD events in thisregion. Also, compared to models that include data assimilation of satellite retrieved AOD, the L1 SDAfinemode AOD was significantly higher in magnitude, particularly for the highest AOD events that were oftenassociated with significant cloudiness
Advancements in the Aerosol Robotic NetworkΒ (AERONET) VersionΒ 3 database β automated near-real-time quality control algorithm with improved cloud screening for Sun photometer aerosol optical depthΒ (AOD) measurements
The Aerosol Robotic NetworkΒ (AERONET) has provided highly
accurate, ground-truth measurements of the aerosol optical depthΒ (AOD) using
Cimel Electronique Sunβsky radiometers for more than 25Β years. In VersionΒ 2Β (V2)
of the AERONET database, the near-real-time AOD was semiautomatically
quality controlled utilizing mainly cloud-screening methodology, while
additional AOD data contaminated by clouds or affected by instrument
anomalies were removed manually before attaining quality-assured status
(LevelΒ 2.0). The large growth in the number of AERONET sites over the past
25Β years resulted in significant burden to the manual quality control of millions
of measurements in a consistent manner. The AERONET VersionΒ 3Β (V3) algorithm
provides fully automatic cloud screening and instrument anomaly quality
controls. All of these new algorithm updates apply to near-real-time data as
well as post-field-deployment processed data, and AERONET reprocessed the
database inΒ 2018. A full algorithm redevelopment provided the opportunity to
improve data inputs and corrections such as unique filter-specific
temperature characterizations for all visible and near-infrared wavelengths,
updated gaseous and water vapor absorption coefficients, and ancillary data
sets. The LevelΒ 2.0 AOD quality-assured data set is now available within a
month after post-field calibration, reducing the lag time from up to several
months. Near-real-time estimated uncertainty is determined using data
qualified as V3Β LevelΒ 2.0 AOD and considering the difference between the AOD
computed with the pre-field calibration and AOD computed with pre-field and
post-field calibration. This assessment provides a near-real-time
uncertainty estimate for which average differences of AOD suggest a +0.02Β bias
and one sigma uncertainty ofΒ 0.02, spectrally, but the bias and uncertainty
can be significantly larger for specific instrument deployments. Long-term
monthly averages analyzed for the entire V3Β and V2Β databases produced
average differencesΒ (V3βV2) ofΒ +0.002 with a Β±0.02 SD (standard
deviation), yet monthly averages calculated using time-matched observations
in both databases were analyzed to compute an average difference ofΒ β0.002
with a Β±0.004 SD. The high statistical agreement in
multiyear monthly averaged AOD validates the advanced automatic data
quality control algorithms and suggests that migrating research to the
V3Β database will corroborate most V2Β research conclusions and likely lead to
more accurate results in some cases.</p
ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π² 4-Π°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ»-6-Π½ΠΈΡΡΠΎ-1,2,4-ΡΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[5,1-c][1,2,4]ΡΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ
The nucleophilic substitution of the nitro group of 4-alkyl-6-nitro-4,7-dihydro-1,2,4-triazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazine-7-ones on the example of interactionwith morpholine was studied. It is established that under the action of excess cycloalkylimine at room temperature the unusual easy disclosure of triazine cycle with the formation of sterically hindered hydrazones occurs which are the key intermediates for further transformations. The carrying of reaction at elevated temperatures leads to the formation of products of substitution of the nitro group with the amine and also with morpholyl hydrazones which are the products of hydrolysis of amides of hydrazones and subsequent decarboxylation. Thus, the nucleophilic substitution of the nitro group in the described triazolotriazines flows through the ANRORC mechanism.ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π² 4-Π°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ»-6-Π½ΠΈΡΡΠΎ-4,7-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎ-1,2,3-ΡΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[5,1-Ρ][1,2,4]ΡΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½-7-ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ·Π±ΡΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² - ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² - ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, Π½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π² ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ ANRORC
AERONET Remotely Sensed Measurements and Retrievals of Biomass Burning Aerosol Optical Properties During the 2015 Indonesian Burning Season
An extreme biomass burning event occurred in Indonesia from September through October 2015 due to severe drought conditions, partially caused by a major El NiΓ±o event, thereby allowing for significant burning of peatland that had been previously drained. This event had the highest sustained aerosol optical depths (AODs) ever monitored by the global Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). The newly developed AERONET Version 3 algorithms retain high AOD at the longer wavelengths when associated with high Γ
ngstrΓΆm exponents (AEs), which thereby allowed for measurements of AOD at
675 nm as high as approximately 7, the upper limit of Sun photometry. Measured AEs at the highest monitored AOD levels were subsequently utilized to estimate instantaneous values of AOD at 550 nm in the range of 11 to 13, well beyond the upper measurement limit. Additionally, retrievals of complex refractive indices, size distributions, and single scattering albedos (SSAs) were obtained at much higher AOD levels than possible from almucantar scans due to the ability to perform retrievals at smaller solar zenith angles with new hybrid sky radiance scans. For retrievals made at the highest AOD levels the fineβmode volume median radii were ~0.25β0.30 micron, which are very large particles for biomass burning. Very high SSA values (~0.975 from 440 to 1,020 nm) are consistent with the domination by smoldering combustion of peat burning. Estimates of the percentage peat contribution to total biomass burning aerosol based on retrieved SSA and laboratory measured peat SSA were ~80β85%, in excellent agreement with independent estimates