Resistência primária do HIV-1 em pacientes atendidos no serviço de referência HIV / AIDS do Hospital das Clínicas da UFPE

Estimar a prevalência de resistência primária aos anti-retrovirais em pacientes cronicamente infectados pelo HIV-1, sem uso prévio de anti-retrovirais, em um Centro de Referência para o tratamento do HIV/AIDS do Nordeste do Brasil. Foram colhidas amostras de sangue para extração do RNA viral de pacientes com HIV/AIDS, cronicamente infectados, atendidos no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, antes do início do tratamento antiviral, no período de fevereiro de 2002 a janeiro de 2003. As regiões da transcriptase reversa (TR) e da protease (PR) foram seqüenciadas para a determinação das mutações relacionadas à resistência aos antivirais.Foram ampliadas e genotipadas um total de 84 amostras. Os pacientes apresentavam CD4 médio de 178,7 células/mm3 e Carga viral média de 269.305 cópias RNA/mL. A genotipagem revelou 2 (2,4%) pacientes com mutação principal relacionada aos ITRN e nenhuma mutação principal aos ITRNN ou IP. Foram encontrados 17 (20,2%) pacientes com mutações secundárias aos ITRN e 67 (79,8%) com mutações secundárias relacionadas aos IP. Mutações acessórias no gene da protease ocorreram nas seguintes posições: L63P [40/84 (47,6%)], M36I [29/84 (34,5%)], V77I [13/84 (15,5%)], L10V [9/84 (10,7%)], K20R [9/84 (10,7%)], A71T [6/84 (7,1%), L10I [5/84 (6%)], A71V [2/84 (2,4%)] e I54P [1/84 (1,2%)]. As mutações associadas a susceptibilidade reduzida aos ITRN foram: M41L [2/84 (2,4%)], G333E [6/84 (7,1%)], V118I [5/84 (5,9%)], S68G[4/84 (4,8%)], E44D [1/84 (1,2%)] e K219E [1/84 (1,2%)]. Observou-se baixa prevalência de mutações primárias relacionadas à resistência aos ITRN em pacientes cronicamente infectados pelo HIV e ausência de resistência aos ITRNN e I

Epidemiological, Clinical and Antiretroviral Susceptibility Characterization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Subtypes B and Non-B in Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil.

BACKGROUND:HIV-1 diversity causes important differences in the virus' biological properties and their interactions with hosts, such as cell tropism, responses to antiretroviral therapy, drug-resistance, and disease progression. OBJECTIVES:We evaluated the interrelationship of phylogenetic inference with epidemiological and laboratory data for HIV-1 isolates circulating in Pernambuco, Northeast Region-Brazil. STUDY DESIGN:A total of 168 HIV-1 pol sequences were analysed, 64 were obtained from 2002-2003, and 104, from 2007-2009. Socio-demographic, clinical, and behavioural data were obtained from medical records. Laboratory testing enabled the determination of recent HIV-1 infections and co-infections with HBV, HCV, HTLV, or syphilis. Surveillance drug-resistance mutation analysis and antiretroviral susceptibility profiling were performed using HIV Drug-Resistance Database. RESULTS:HIV-1 non-B was associated with female, lower education, lower viral loads, and higher T cell counts mean. Frequencies of co-infection HIV-HBV, HIV-HCV, and HIV-syphilis were 27.8% (95% CI: 19.8-37.7), 1.04% (95% CI: 0.05-5.00) and 14.7% (95% CI: 8.6-23.0), respectively. Drug-resistant mutations rate was 2.98% (95% CI: 1.10-6.47). HIV-HBV subtype B co-infection was associated with men who have sex with men (MSM), higher education, higher viral loads and males. HIV-syphilis subtype non-B co-infection was associated with MSM status, lower T cell counts and males. CONCLUSIONS:Data showed the importance of molecular characterisations of the HIV-1 epidemic and its relation with epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the population, as well as its association with other infectious diseases, so they can effort to improve preventive measures for health services and more information about the progress and effects of the epidemic in Northeastern-Brazil

Comparison of the epidemiology, profile of mutations, and clinical response to antiretrovirals among subtypes B and F of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1

The authors compared demographic aspects and profile of mutations in 80 patients with subtypes B and F of human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1). Genotyping of the pol region of the reverse transcriptase was performed using the ViroSeqTM Genotyping System. A total of 61 (76.2%) patients had subtype B and 19 (23.8%) subtype F of the HIV-1. Subtype F tended to be more frequent in heterosexuals and women with a low educational level, but without statistical significance. The frequency of mutations related to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors (PI) was the same in the two subtypes, but mutations related to PI at the codons 63, 77, and 71 were more frequent in subtype B, while mutations at the codons 36 and 20 predominated in subtype F. Sixty-two of the 80 patients infected with subtypes B and F were submitted to antiretroviral therapy for an average of 18-22 months. Undetectable viral loads at the end of follow-up were similar in the two groups, representing 63.8% of subtype B and 73.3% of subtype F (p = 0.715). CD4 lymphocyte counts before and after treatment were similar in the two groups. This study, despite pointing to possible epidemiological and genetic differences among subtypes B and F of HIV-1, suggests that the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy is equally effective against these subtypes

Correction: Epidemiological, Clinical and Antiretroviral Susceptibility Characterization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Subtypes B and Non-B in Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil

<p>Correction: Epidemiological, Clinical and Antiretroviral Susceptibility Characterization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Subtypes B and Non-B in Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil</p

Demographic and laboratory characteristic among HIV-1 subtypes B and non-B.

<p>Demographic and laboratory characteristic among HIV-1 subtypes B and non-B.</p

Drug resistance mutations and antiretroviral resistance profile at patients from Pernambuco, Northeast–Brazil.

<p>Drug resistance mutations and antiretroviral resistance profile at patients from Pernambuco, Northeast–Brazil.</p

Stratified analysis of individuals with co-infecttion HBV/HIV-1 subtypes B and non-B.

<p>Stratified analysis of individuals with co-infecttion HBV/HIV-1 subtypes B and non-B.</p

Stratified analysis of individuals with co-infecttion Syphilis/HIV-1 subtypes B and non-B.

<p>Stratified analysis of individuals with co-infecttion Syphilis/HIV-1 subtypes B and non-B.</p

Primary resistance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in a reference center in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

To assess the prevalence of primary resistance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) to antiretrovirals, 84 patients chronically infected with HIV without prior antiretroviral treatment from Northeast Brazil were studied. Genotyping was performed using the ViroSeqTM Genotyping System. Thimidine analog mutations occurred in 3 (3.6%) patients. Accessory mutations related to NRTI occurred in 6 (7.1%) and related to PI in 67 (79.8%). Subtypes B (72.6%), F (22.6%), B/F 3 (3.6%), and C (1.2%) were detected. A low prevalence of major mutations related to NRTI in patients chronically infected by HIV was observed