Double-kink fishbone instability caused by circulating energetic ions

The destabilization of double kink modes by the circulating energetic ions in tokamaks with the plasma current having an off-axis maximum is studied. It is shown that the high-frequency fishbone instability [Energetic Particle Mode (EPM)] and the low-frequency (diamagnetic) fishbones are possible for such an equilibrium, their poloidal and toroidal mode numbers being not necessarily equal to unity. A new kind of the EPM instability, ''doublet fishbones,'' is predicted. This instability is characterized by two frequencies; it can occur in a plasma with a non-monotonic radial profile of the energetic ions when the particle orbit width is less than the width of the region where the mode is localized. It is found that the diamagnetic fishbone branch exists even when the orbit width exceeds the mode width; in this case, however, the instability growth rate is relatively small

Stimulated emission and lasing in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films

Stimulated emission and lasing in Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 thin films have been demonstrated at a temperature of 20 K using excitation by a nanosecond pulsed N 2 laser with power densities in the range from 2 to 100 kW cm − 2 . Sharp narrowing of the photoluminescence band, superlinear dependence of its intensity on excitation laser power, as well as stabilization of the spectral position and of the full-width at half-maximum of the band were observed in the films at increasing excitation intensity. The stimulated emission threshold was determined to be 20 kW cm − 2 . A gain value of 94 cm − 1 has been estimated using the variable stripe length method. Several sharp laser modes near 1.13 eV were observed above the laser threshold of I thr ~ 50 kW cm −

Non-conventional Fishbone Instabilities

New instabilities of fishbone type are predicted. First, a trapped-particle-induced m = n = 1 instability with the mode structure having nothing to do with the conventional rigid kink displacement. This instability takes place when the magnetic field is weak, so that the precession frequency of the energetic ions is not small as compared to the frequency of the corresponding Alfven continuum at r = 0 and the magnetic shear is small inside the q = 1 radius [the case relevant to spherical tori]. Second, an Energetic Particle Mode fishbone instability driven by circulating particles. Third, a double-kink-mode instability driven by the circulating energetic ions. In particular, the latter can have two frequencies simultaneously: we refer to it as ''doublet'' fishbones. This instability can occur when the radial profile of the energetic ions has an off-axis maximum inside the region of the mode localization

Гепатопротекторні властивості 2-гідрокси-n-нафтален-1-іл-2-(2-окси-1,2-дигідро-індол-3-іліден)-ацетаміду при тетрахлорметановому гепатиті у щурів

Отримані результати свідчать про наявність гепатопротекторних властивостей у похідного 2-оксоіндолін-3-гліоксилової кислоти

Using of “open field” test for finding of stress-protector substances among derivatives of 2-oxyindolin-3-glyoxylovic acid

У тесті “відкрите поле” досліджено вплив похідного 2-оксоіндолін-3-гліоксилової кислоти у дозі 12 мг/кг маси тіла на емоційно-поведінкові реакції у щурів. Показано, що субстанція 18 пригнічує вертикальну і горизонтальну активность, зменшує відчуття тривоги і страху стабілізує емоційну сферу тварин, що свідчить про наявність у досліджуваної речовини седативної і анксиолітичної активності, які лежать в основі позитивної дії при гострому стресі.В тесте "открытое поле" исследовано влияние производного 2-оксоиндолин-3-глиоксиловой кислоты в дозе 12 мг/кг массы тела в эмоционально-поведенческие реакции у крыс. Показано, что субстанция 18 подавляет вертикальную и горизонтальную активность, уменьшает чувство тревоги и страха стабилизирует эмоциональную сферу животных, что свидетельствует о наличии в исследуемой вещества седативного и анксиолитическому активности, которые лежат в основе положительного действия при остром стрессе.In “open field” test influence of derivative of 2-oxyindolin – 3 – glyoxylovic acid upon emotional-behavior reactions of rats in rats. It is shown that substance 18 causes oppressing of vertical and horizontal activity, decreases sensitivity of trouble and fear, stabilizes emotional sphere of animals. It is proved that substance 18 has sedative and anxiolitic action. Thanks to these properties of substance 18 it is possible its effect positive effect in acute stress

Effect of Trapped Energetic Ions on MHD Activity in Spherical Tori

It is shown that the increase of beta (the ratio of plasma pressure to the magnetic field pressure) may change the character of the influence of trapped energetic ions on MHD stability in spherical tori. Namely, the energetic ions, which stabilize MHD modes (such as the ideal-kink mode, collisionless tearing mode, and semi-collisional tearing mode) at low beta, have a destabilizing influence at high beta unless the radial distribution of the energetic ions is very peaked