721 research outputs found
Defect Engineering: Graphene Gets Designer Defects
An extended one-dimensional defect that has the potential to act as a
conducting wire has been embedded in another perfect graphene sheet.Comment: 2 pages, 1 figur
Mechanical properties of connected carbon nanorings via molecular dynamics simulation
Stable, carbon nanotori can be constructed from nanotubes. In theory, such rings could be used to fabricate networks that are extremely flexible and offer a high strength-to-density ratio. As a first step towards realizing such nanochains and nanomaile, the mechanical properties of connected carbon nanorings were investigated via molecular dynamics simulation. The Young's modulus, extensibility and tensile stength of nanorings were estimated under conditions that idealize the constraints of nanochains and nanomaile. The results indicate nanorings are stable under large tensile deformation. The calculated Young's modulus of nanorings was found increase with deformation from 19.43 GPa to 121.94 GPa (without any side constraints) and from 124.98 GPa to 1.56 TPa (with side constraints). The tensile strength of unconstrained and constrained nanorings is estimated to be 5.72 and 8.522 GPa, respectively. The maximum strain is approximately 39% (nanochains) and 25.2% (nanomaile), and these deformations are completely reversible
A theoretical review of the operation of vibratory stress relief with particular reference to the stabilization of large-scale fabrications
Vibratory stress relief (VSR) is widely used on large welded fabrications to stabilize the structures so that they do not distort during further machining or during operational duty. The level of applied stress achieved during VSR on such structures is only 5–10 per cent of the yield stress. It is, therefore, not obvious how these applied loads come to modify the level of residual stress. It is suggested here that the reason for the success of VSR applied to large fabrications lies (a) in the origin of the residual stresses and (b) in the partial relief of these residual stresses by the initiation of the transformation of retained austenite particles (in the size range from 1 to 25 µm) by the movement of dislocations into positions that are favourable for the nucleation of martensite embryos. The shear deformation associated with the transformation of retained austenite into martensite will reduce the residual stress field to the point where the stability of the structure may be assured
Quantized Optical Vortex-array Eigenstates in a Rotating Frame
Linear combinations of Bessel beams can be used to effectively trap light
within cylindrical domains. Such hard traps can be used to produce states that
exhibit stationary arrays of optical vortices from the perspective of a
steadily rotating frame. These patterned singularities can be engineered to
have singularities of the same or mixed charges and the requisite rotation
rates are quantized even though the setting is purely linear. A hydrodynamic
interpretation is that the vortices are at rest within a compressible,
two-dimensional fluid of light
Trapped Vortex Dynamics Implemented in Composite Bessel Beams
The divergence-free nature of Bessel beams can be harnessed to effectively
trap optical vortices in free space laser propagation. We show how to generate
arbitrary vortex configurations in Bessel traps to investigate few-body vortex
interactions within a dynamically-evolving fluid of light, which is a formal
analog to a non-interacting Bose gas. We implement--theoretically and
experimentally--initial conditions of vortex configurations first predicted in
harmonically-trapped quantum fluids, in the limit of weak atomic interactions,
and model and measure the resultant dynamics. These hard trap dynamics are
distinct from the harmonic trap predictions due to the non-local interactions
that occur among the hard wall boundary and steep phase gradients that nucleate
other vortices. By simultaneously presenting experimental demonstrations with
the theoretical proposal, we validate the potential application of using Bessel
hard wall traps as testing grounds for engineering few-body vortex interactions
within trapped, two-dimensional compressible fluids
The Anatomy of Geometric Phase for an Optical Vortex Transiting a Lens
We present an analytical means of quantifying the fractional accumulation of
geometric phase for an optical vortex transiting a cylindrical lens. The
standard fiber bundle of a Sphere of Modes is endowed with a Supplementary
Product Space at each point so that the beam waists and their positions can be
explicitly tracked as functions of lens transit fraction. The method is applied
to quantify the accumulation of geometric phase across a single lens as a
function of initial state and lens position within the beam. It can be readily
applied to a series of lenses as well.Comment: 10 pages, 13 figure
Initial Optical Vortex Amplitude Structure Determines Pair Annihilation
We show that annihilation dynamics between oppositely charged optical vortex
pairs can be manipulated by modifying only the initial size of the vortex
cores. When sufficiently close together, vortices with strongly overlapped
cores annihilate more quickly than vortices with smaller cores that must wait
for diffraction to cause meaningful core overlap. We present numerical
simulations and experimental measurements for vortices with hyperbolic tangent
cores of various initial sizes. We also show that decreasing the core size of
an annihilating pair can prevent the annihilation event
Pump-tailored Alternative Bell State Generation in the First-Order Hermite-Gaussian basis
We demonstrate entangled-state swapping, within the Hermite-Gaussian basis of
first-order modes, directly from the process of spontaneous parametric
down-conversion within a nonlinear crystal. The method works by explicitly
tailoring the spatial structure of the pump photon such that it resembles the
product of the desired entangled spatial modes exiting the crystal.
Importantly, the result is an entangled state of balanced HG modes, which may
be beneficial in applications that depend on symmetric accumulations of
geometric phase through optics or in applications of quantum sensing and
imaging with azimuthal sensitivity. Furthermore, the methods are readily
adaptable to other spatial mode bases
Database computing in HEP
The major SSC experiments are expected to produce up to 1 Petabyte of data per year each. Once the primary reconstruction is completed by farms of inexpensive processors, I/O becomes a major factor in further analysis of the data. We believe that the application of database techniques can significantly reduce the I/O performed in these analyses. We present examples of such I/O reductions in prototypes based on relational and object-oriented databases of CDF data samples
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