Análise do sistema, desenho do projecto e criação de uma base de dados relacional para a gestão da informação de uma ganaderia de toiros de lide

Análise exaustiva de toda a informação que é tratada na gestão de uma ganaderia de toiros de lide. Esta informação foi organizada em grupos (entidades/tabelas) de modo a poder conceber o desenho do fluxo dessa informação entre as várias entidades. Após o desenho global do projecto da gestão da informação de uma ganadeira de toiros de lide, foi desenvolvida uma aplicação, utilizando o Microsoft Access, que permite realizar essa mesma gestão. Esta aplicação permite acompanhar os animais da ganaderia, desde o seu nascimento até à morte, mantendo a informação de todo o seu percurso. Por fim, a aplicação permite que toda a informação de cada animal fique guardada, de modo a que todo o histórico da ganaderia seja acessível através da aplicação. O objectivo principal desta aplicação é facilitar, ao gestor, a escolha dos reprodutores de modo a alcançar a bravura desejada para os animais da sua ganaderia; permitir aceder à informação de uma maneira mais rápida e sistemática que na gestão pré-informatizada; obter a documentação, em suporte físico, mais organizada, tornando a sua consulta posterior mais fácil e clara

The estimation of genetic parameters for growth curve traits in Raeini Cashmere goat described by Gompertz model

The objectives of this study were to describe growth curve of Raeini Cashmere goat applying the Gompertz growth model and genetic evaluation of growth curve-related traits including model parameters of A, B and K, inflection age (IA) and inflection weight (IW) under animal model. The data used in this study, collected in Raeini Cashmere goat breeding station from 1997 to 2009 and were included 12,831 body weights records measured at birth, weaning, 6-months of age, 9-month of age and yearling of age. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient between observed and predicted body weights was 0.98, which means that Gompertz model adequately described the growth curve in Raeini Cashmere goat. The estimated value for growth curve parameters of A, B and K were 17.97, 1.97 and 0.017, respectively. The weight and age at point of inflection were 6.63 kg and 52.94 days, respectively. Direct heritability estimates for A, B, K, IA and IW were low values of 0.14, 0.10, 0.03, 0.14 and 0.14, respectively. Low estimated values for direct heritability of the studied growth curve traits in Raeini Cashmere goat indicated that direct selection for these traits may not be useful in terms of achieving genetic change. Direct genetic correlations ranged from −0.76 (K-IW) to 0.98 (A-IW). Phenotypic correlation estimates were generally lower than the direct genetic ones and ranged from −0.30 (K-IW) to 0.69 (A-B and B-IA). IA and IW had high positive phenotypic (0.86) and genetic (0.99) correlations, implying IA and IW were highly correlated in terms of phenotypic and genetic effects. The studied growth curve parameters of Raeini Cashmere goat have shown low levels of additive genetic variation.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Evolución del control de rendimientos en esquema de selección de la raza ovina Segureña

La raza ovina Segureña es una de las tres razas ovinas españolas de más relevancia en la producción de carne, en España. Su importancia también viene dada porque se constituye en la principal fuente de generación de renta de unas de las regiones más deprimidas de Europa, como es el altiplano de Granada y las Sierras de Segura y las Villas. Al estar explotada en condiciones extensivas y semiextensivas, es además, uno de los componentes del equilibrio del ecosistema de las regiones que habita. En este trabajo se desarrolla un análisis demográfico de la raza ovina Segureña, utilizando los registros obtenidos en Asociación Nacional de Criadores de Ovino Segureño – ANCOS – durante los años comprendidos entre 1988 y 2011, y que constó de un total de 63.408 individuos. Se llevó a cabo el recuento del número de corderos nacidos en cada año, clasificados por sexo, por edad de referencia, por tipo de parto y por épocas de nacimiento. Se estudió también el control de rendimientos en las distintas edades de referencia – nacimiento, destete temprano, destete tardío y sacrificio –, clasificados por los mismos parámetros. En el año 2007 el control de rendimiento presentó valores muy satisfactorios siendo el año en que fue más elevado el porcentaje de corderos que fueron controlados en todos los controles y el más elevado porcentaje de corderos controlados al sacrificio. Estas observaciones disminuyen hasta el año 2011. Hay un destaque para el número de corderos nacidos en verano y para el peso al sacrificio de los corderos nacidos en invierno. Fueron utilizados los paquetes estadísticos IBM SPSS Statistics v.19 y el Microsoft Office Excel 2007 para el cálculo de las informaciones presentadas

El efecto del área de distribución de las ganaderías sobre los caracteres de crecimiento del ovino Segureño

Para estudiar el efecto del área de distribución de las ganaderías sobre los caracteres de crecimiento del ovino segureño fue utilizada la información de los registros de control de rendimientos obtenidos por la Asociación Nacional de Criadores de Ovino Segureño – ANCOS – durante los años comprendidos entre 2000 y 2011, y que constaron de un total de 129.377 pesadas realizadas sobre 60.461 individuos pertenecientes a 213 ganaderías. Fueron localizadas las ganaderías en 3 zonas geográficas con la finalidad de estudiar el efecto del área de ubicación geográfica sobre los caracteres de peso del ovino segureño, tomado en las distintas edades de referencia: peso al nacimiento, destete temprano (30 días), destete tardío (45 días) y sacrificio (75 días). Este análisis también fue realizado en los corderos clasificados por sexo. Se ha observado que el área de distribución tiene influencia sobre el peso de los corderos de raza ovina Segureña a las distintas edades de referencia y también cuando clasificados por sexo. Fue utilizado el programa ArcGis version 9.3.1. y el paquete estadístico IBM SPSS Statistics v.19 para el cálculo de las informaciones presentadas

The effect of non-genetic factors on early weaning of segureña lambs.

Se analiza la influencia sobre el peso al destete precoz, comprendido entre los 16 y los 35 días de vida, en corderos de raza ovina Segureña, de los efectos fijos sexo, época de nacimiento, zona geográfica y tipo de parto de la oveja. Se analizaron los datos del peso de 27083 corderos pertenecientes al registro histórico de la Asociación Nacional de Criadores de Ovino Segureño – ANCOS – de los últimos 13 años. Fueron realizados análisis estadísticos en cada factor, basados en el test t para las medias, análisis de varianza y el test de Tuckey para analizar los grupos homogéneos. Se llevó a cabo un análisis de varianza multifactorial mediante la utilización del software IBM SPSS Statistics v.19, utilizando los factores no genéticos como efectos principales y considerando las interacciones dobles significativas. Los machos presentaron un peso promedio superior al de las hembras. El efecto de la época de nacimiento fue significativo (P0,05). Sin embargo, el tipo de parto influenció el peso promedio de una manera muy significativa (P<0,001), poniéndose de manifiesto que los corderos nacidos de partos simples fueron más pesados que los corderos nacidos de partos múltiples. Las interacciones dobles época de nacimiento × tipo de parto, zona geográfica × época de nacimiento y sexo × tipo de parto fueron significativas (P<0,001) para el modelo, que se presentó con un coeficiente determinativo (R2) de 0,127. Como conclusión general puede indicarse que los factores no genéticos tienen un papel muy importante en peso de los corderos de raza Segureña en el destete precoz. El conocimiento de la influencia de estos factores podrá ser útil en el desarrollo de estrategias de producción para que los promedios totales del peso puedan ser mejorados.Abstract The present work was carried out to study the effects on early weaning (between 16 and 35 days of age) of the fixed effects of sex, birth season, geographical area and birth status, on Segureña sheep breed. Weight data were collected from 27083 lambs from the historical records of the National Breeders Association of Segureño Sheep - ANCOS – from the past 13 years. Statistics analysis were performed on each factor, based on the t test for means, analysis of variance and Tuckey test to analyze the homogeneous subsets. An analysis of variance multifactorial was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics v.19 software, with the non-genetics factors as main effects and considering the significant double interactions. Males present a mean weight higher than females. Birth season had a significant effect (P0,05) the early weaning lambs weight. However, birth type affected significantly (P<0,001) the early weaning lambs weight, becoming evident that lambs born from single birth were heavier than the ones born from multiple birth. The model presented significant double interactions (P<0,001), birth season × birth type, geographical area × birth season and sex × birth type, presenting a determinative coefficient (R2) of 0,127. As general conclusion, the non-genetics factors have a very important effect over early weaning weight of Segureña sheep breed. This knowledge is useful on development of production strategies for the improvement of the final mean weight.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A comparison of the growth performance between cattle reared in conventional systems and in feral condition

Feral and conventional growth performances were compared using Marismeña cattle as a model. Marismeña calves are commonly reared under feral conditions in one of the most important reserves of Europe (Doñana National Park, Spain). Data recording in these natural conditions faces compromises as animals are only handled once per year. This fact has to be saved to obtain efficient estimations for the biological growth curve of cattle reared under feral conditions. On the one hand, we assessed the inference of the theoretical influence of human management on cattle growth. On the other hand, we studied the fitness of the best growth curve, in both feral and conventional systems to use the physiological meaning of the parameters obtained from their study as selection criteria related to the adaptability of potential breeding males and females. Fitting of Brody's, von Bertalanffy, Verhulst, logistic, Gompertz and Richards’ models was tested as these models are the most representative ones for cattle growth. In general, Brody's and Richards’ models presented the best fitting values for the biological curve. According to the biological curve parameters, males and females presented asymptotic weights of 641.71 kg and 403.55 kg, respectively. As expected, the results of the commercial growth curve severely differed from those of the biological curve. The best fitting biological curve was not representative for cattle reared under commercial conditions. The logistic model was the best fitting one for feral females, Gompertz model for feral males, and Verhulst for intensive males and females, respectively. Seasonal oscillations in feeding may be responsible for the earlier achievement of the best performance in feral cattle (7 and 10 months for males and females, respectively), while such best performances were reached at 11 months in intensive calves, what becomes relevant for management and slaughtering decision-making. The study of the biological curve in Marismeña feral breed is very illustrative as this is the first time that feral cattle's growth is approached. Knowledge on the biological growth curve parameters could be used to interpret the strong relation between feral animals and their environment. This research could infer a model to quantify the effects of human management on livestock development, as feral resources offer unique opportunities to study domestic livestock without any human influence.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

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Characterisation of biological growth curves of different varieties of an endangered native hen breed kept under free range conditions

The aim of this study is to model the growth samples of four varieties (White, Black, Partridge, Franciscan) of Spanish Utrerana hen breed, which is endangered, by using Brody, Von Bertalanffy, Verhulst, Logistic and Gompertz models. For this purpose, a total of 16,235 weight data observations from 2004 animals reared in free range system were collected. Logistic was the best suited model for predicting the biological growth curve of White variety in both sexes, while Von Bertalanffy was the best fitting model for the rest of individuals of the breed, based on the 5 goodness-of-fit and flexibility criteria: Pseudo-R2 , mean squared error, Akaike information criterion, Bayesian information criterion and the biological coherence of the estimated parameters. Black variety was the heaviest, with values of 2605.96 and 2032.61 g (for males and females, respectively) for a parameter, while White variety presented the lowest maturity weight (a ¼ 2442.99 and 1874.24 g, for males and females, respectively). Conclusively, this growth characterisation is essential for the conservation of the Utrerana hen, to search for new market niches and a greater profitability to this differentiated product.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Prediction of Neutrino Fluxes in the NOMAD Experiment

The method developed for the calculation of the flux and composition of the West Area Neutrino Beam used by NOMAD in its search for neutrino oscillations is described. The calculation is based on particle production rates computed using a recent version of FLUKA and modified to take into account the cross sections measured by the SPY and NA20 experiments. These particles are propagated through the beam line taking into account the material and magnetic fields they traverse. The neutrinos produced through their decays are tracked to the NOMAD detector. The fluxes of the four neutrino flavours at NOMAD are predicted with an uncertainty of about 8% for nu(mu) and nu(e), 10% for antinu(mu), and 12% for antinu(e). The energy-dependent uncertainty achieved on the R(e, mu) prediction needed for a nu(mu)->nu(e) oscillation search ranges from 4% to 7%, whereas the overall normalization uncertainty on this ratio is 4.2%.Comment: 43 pages, 20 figures. Submitted to Nucl. Phys.

A Study of Strange Particles Produced in Neutrino Neutral Current Interactions in the NOMAD Experiment

Results of a detailed study of strange particle production in neutrino neutral current interactions are presented using the data from the NOMAD experiment. Integral yields of neutral strange particles (K0s, Lambda, Lambda-bar) have been measured. Decays of resonances and heavy hyperons with an identified K0s or Lambda in the final state have been analyzed. Clear signals corresponding to K* and Sigma(1385) have been observed. First results on the measurements of the Lambda polarization in neutral current interactions have been obtained.Comment: Accepted for publication in Nuclear Physics B as a rapid communicatio