32 research outputs found
Meta-Analyses of Microarrays of Arabidopsis asymmetric leaves1 (as1), as2 and Their Modifying Mutants Reveal a Critical Role for the ETT Pathway in Stabilization of Adaxial-Abaxial Patterning and Cell Division During Leaf Development
It is necessary to use algorithms to analyze gene expression data from DNA microarrays, such as in clustering and machine learning. Previously, we developed the knowledge-based fuzzy adaptive resonance theory (KB-FuzzyART), a clustering algorithm suitable for analyzing gene expression data, to find clues for identifying gene networks. Leaf primordia form around the shoot apical meristem (SAM), which consists of indeterminate stem cells. Upon initiation of leaf development, adaxial-abaxial patterning is crucial for lateral expansion, via cellular proliferation, and the formation of flat symmetric leaves. Many regulatory genes that specify such patterning have been identified. Analysis by the KB-FuzzyART and subsequent molecular and genetic analyses previously showed that ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 (AS1) and AS2 repress the expression of some abaxial-determinant genes, such as AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR3 (ARF3)/ETTIN (ETT) and ARF4, which are responsible for defects in leaf adaxial-abaxial polarity in as1 and as2. In the present study, genetic analysis revealed that ARF3/ETT and ARF4 were regulated by modifier genes, BOBBER1 (BOB1) and ELONGATA3 (ELO3), together with AS1-AS2. We analyzed expression arrays with as2 elo3 and as2 bob1, and extracted genes downstream of ARF3/ETT by using KB-FuzzyART and molecular analyses. The results showed that expression of Kip-related protein (KRP) (for inhibitors of cyclin-dependent protein kinases) and Isopentenyltransferase (IPT) (for biosynthesis of cytokinin) genes were controlled by AS1-AS2 through ARF3/ETT and ARF4 functions, which suggests that the AS1-AS2-ETT pathway plays a critical role in controlling the cell division cycle and the biosynthesis of cytokinin around SAM to stabilize leaf development in Arabidopsis thalian
Succinate dehydrogenase subunit B inhibits the AMPK-HIF-1Îą pathway in human ovarian cancer in vitro
A compensation system for cophase high-speed electric railways by reactive power generation of SHC&SAC
In this paper, a system with series hybrid converter and shunt active converter (SHC&SAC) for compensation in cophase high-speed electric railways is proposed. Unlike the general power flow conditioners, the dc-links of the two converters are separated, and therefore, the two converters can operate independently. Just by taking the advantage of the reactive power generation ability and novel connection of SHC&SAC, the grid-side power factor can be improved and negative-sequence current can be suppressed, especially on the cases of high-speed trains. Besides, because of the capacitor in SHC, the active capacity of SHC is significantly lower than that of SAC. To obtain a good current tracking performance, the passive control method, which is based on the dissipation characteristic of resistor, is adopted for controlling converters. And finally, the effectiveness of the system is verified by simulation and experimental results
Updated population genetic data of 15 autosomal STR loci in a Shandong Han population from East China and genetic relationships among 26 Chinese populations
Background The population genetics investigation of STR loci in specific populations is the basic premise for forensic practice, and the AmpFlSTRTM IdentifilerTM Plus kit is still widely used in most forensic DNA laboratories. Aim To obtain more reliable and accurate population genetic data of 15 autosomal STRs in the Shandong Han population and explore the genetic relationship with 25 neighbouring Chinese populations. Subjects and methods A total of 5356 unrelated Chinese Han individuals from Shandong Province were genotyped using the IdentifilerTM Plus Kit. Allele frequencies and corresponding forensic statistical parameters were calculated. Population comparisons were further explored through the neighbour-joining tree and multidimensional scaling analysis. Results A total of 217 alleles were calculated, the allele frequencies spanned from 0.0001 to 0.5340. The combined discrimination power (CDP) and the combined probability of paternity (CPE) of 15 STR loci were 0.99999999999999998755 and 0.999994524, respectively. Population comparisons demonstrated that Shandong Han have genetic homogeneity with most Sino-Tibetan populations. Conclusions Our study updates the Shandong Han population database with a large sample size. These 15 STR loci in the Shandong Han population are more polymorphic and discriminatory than shown in previous data, which could be more applicable to personal identification and paternity testing, as well other population genetics studies
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Protein arginine methyltransferase 3 fine-tunes the assembly/disassembly of pre-ribosomes to repress nucleolar stress by interacting with RPS2B in arabidopsis.
Ribosome biogenesis, which takes place mainly in the nucleolus, involves coordinated expression of pre-ribosomal RNAs (pre-rRNAs) and ribosomal proteins, pre-rRNA processing, and subunit assembly with the aid of numerous assembly factors. Our previous study showed that the Arabidopsis thaliana protein arginine methyltransferase AtPRMT3 regulates pre-rRNA processing; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown. Here, we report that AtPRMT3 interacts with Ribosomal Protein S2 (RPS2), facilitating processing of the 90S/Small Subunit (SSU) processome and repressing nucleolar stress. We isolated an intragenic suppressor of atprmt3-2, which rescues the developmental defects of atprmt3-2 while produces a putative truncated AtPRMT3 protein bearing the entire N-terminus but lacking an intact enzymatic activity domain We further identified RPS2 as an interacting partner of AtPRMT3, and found that loss-of-function rps2a2b mutants were phenotypically reminiscent of atprmt3, showing pleiotropic developmental defects and aberrant pre-rRNA processing. RPS2B binds directly to pre-rRNAs in the nucleus, and such binding is enhanced in atprmt3-2. Consistently, multiple components of the 90S/SSU processome were more enriched by RPS2B in atprmt3-2, which accounts for early pre-rRNA processing defects and results in nucleolar stress. Collectively, our study uncovered a novel mechanism by which AtPRMT3 cooperates with RPS2B to facilitate the dynamic assembly/disassembly of the 90S/SSU processome during ribosome biogenesis and repress nucleolar stress
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Protein arginine methyltransferase 3 fine-tunes the assembly/disassembly of pre-ribosomes to repress nucleolar stress by interacting with RPS2B in arabidopsis.
Ribosome biogenesis, which takes place mainly in the nucleolus, involves coordinated expression of pre-ribosomal RNAs (pre-rRNAs) and ribosomal proteins, pre-rRNA processing, and subunit assembly with the aid of numerous assembly factors. Our previous study showed that the Arabidopsis thaliana protein arginine methyltransferase AtPRMT3 regulates pre-rRNA processing; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown. Here, we report that AtPRMT3 interacts with Ribosomal Protein S2 (RPS2), facilitating processing of the 90S/Small Subunit (SSU) processome and repressing nucleolar stress. We isolated an intragenic suppressor of atprmt3-2, which rescues the developmental defects of atprmt3-2 while produces a putative truncated AtPRMT3 protein bearing the entire N-terminus but lacking an intact enzymatic activity domain We further identified RPS2 as an interacting partner of AtPRMT3, and found that loss-of-function rps2a2b mutants were phenotypically reminiscent of atprmt3, showing pleiotropic developmental defects and aberrant pre-rRNA processing. RPS2B binds directly to pre-rRNAs in the nucleus, and such binding is enhanced in atprmt3-2. Consistently, multiple components of the 90S/SSU processome were more enriched by RPS2B in atprmt3-2, which accounts for early pre-rRNA processing defects and results in nucleolar stress. Collectively, our study uncovered a novel mechanism by which AtPRMT3 cooperates with RPS2B to facilitate the dynamic assembly/disassembly of the 90S/SSU processome during ribosome biogenesis and repress nucleolar stress
RETRACTED: Genetic diversity, forensic feature, and phylogenetic analysis of Guizhou Tujia population via 19 XâSTRs
Abstract Background Xâchromosome short tandem repeats (XâSTRs) with unique sexâlinkage inheritance models play a complementary role in forensic science. Guizhou is a multiethnic province located in southwest China and some genetic evidence focusing on XâSTRs for various minorities was reported. However, population data of Guizhou Tujia are scarce. Methods A total of 507 Guizhou Tujia individuals were profiled using the AGCU Xâ19 STR kit. Allele frequencies and forensic parameters were calculated. Additionally, population genetic relationships between Guizhou Tujia and other 19 populations were explored. Results A total of 257 alleles with the allele frequencies ranged from 0.0013 to 0.6098 were found. The combined power of discrimination in males and females and mean exclusion chances in all case scenarios were all greater than 0.99999. Population comparisons showed Guizhou Tujia had a homogeneity with all Han populations from different administrative regions, and other ethnic populations residing in Guizhou, while had obviously genetic heterogeneity with the Altaic family populations except Xibe. Conclusion Nineteen XâSTRs can afford a reliable and informative database of Guizhou Tujia population for human identification and paternity testing, especially in complex biological relations. The genetic relationships of Chinese are significantly influenced by the geographic position and ethnolinguistic origin
Genetic characterisation for Yanâan Han population in Northern Shaanxi Province, China, via 38Y-STRs using Yfiler⢠Platinum
Background Haplotype/allele frequency data of Y-chromosomal STR loci in ethnically diverse populations are essential for forensics, anthropology and genealogy. However, genetic structure and forensic characterisation of the Chinese Han population residing in Yanâan, in the Northern Shaanxi Province, remain unclear. Aim To assess forensic efficiency for 38 Y-Chromosomal STR loci in Yanâan Han population and reveal the population genetic relationships between Yanâan Han and other populations at a nationwide and worldwide level. Subjects and methods 719 healthy unrelated males were genotyped using the Yfiler⢠Platinum system. Haplotype/allele frequencies and forensic parameters were calculated. Multi-dimensional scaling plots (MDS) and neighbor-joining (N-J) tree were used to explore the population structure based on the pairwise gene distances (Rst). Results A total of 707 haplotypes were identified, among which 697 unique haplotypes were observed (98.59%). The overall haplotype diversity (HD) and discrimination capacity (DC) were 0.9999 and 0.9833, respectively. Comprehensive population comparisons showed Yanâan Han is genetically closer to linguistically similar populations in China, and more related to East Asian populations around the world. Conclusion The present results give a unique insight into the Yanâan Han population via the set of 38 Y-STRs, which can be used for forensic practice and human genetics research
Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals That Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus Activates the JAK-STAT1 Signaling Pathway
Transmissible
gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), a porcine enteropathogenic
coronavirus, causes lethal watery diarrhea and severe dehydration
in piglets. In this study, liquid chromatographyâtandem mass
spectrometry coupled to isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification
labeling was used to quantitatively identify differentially expressed
cellular proteins after TGEV infection in PK-15 cells. In total, 162
differentially expressed cellular proteins were identified, including
60 upregulated proteins and 102 downregulated proteins. These differentially
expressed proteins were involved in the cell cycle, cellular growth
and proliferation, the innate immune response, etc. Interestingly,
many upregulated proteins were associated with interferon signaling,
especially signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1)
and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Immunoblotting and real-time
quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction demonstrated
that TGEV infection induces STAT1 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation,
as well as ISG expression. This study for the first time reveals that
TGEV induces interferon signaling from the point of proteomic analysis
Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals That Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus Activates the JAK-STAT1 Signaling Pathway
Transmissible
gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), a porcine enteropathogenic
coronavirus, causes lethal watery diarrhea and severe dehydration
in piglets. In this study, liquid chromatographyâtandem mass
spectrometry coupled to isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification
labeling was used to quantitatively identify differentially expressed
cellular proteins after TGEV infection in PK-15 cells. In total, 162
differentially expressed cellular proteins were identified, including
60 upregulated proteins and 102 downregulated proteins. These differentially
expressed proteins were involved in the cell cycle, cellular growth
and proliferation, the innate immune response, etc. Interestingly,
many upregulated proteins were associated with interferon signaling,
especially signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1)
and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Immunoblotting and real-time
quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction demonstrated
that TGEV infection induces STAT1 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation,
as well as ISG expression. This study for the first time reveals that
TGEV induces interferon signaling from the point of proteomic analysis