The religious aspect of the organization of camps for Russian prisoners of war during the Russian-Japanese war of 1904-1905

The Russian-Japanese war is an actual problem of historical research. This is especially relevant in the context of current trends in the development of Russian-Japanese relations. At the same time, the problem of prisoners of war is one of the most painful for relations between participants in a military conflict. An analysis of the religious aspect of the organization of the life of Russian prisoners of war in Japan makes it possible to take a fresh look at the characteristics of culture and the states of both countries. It is also interesting to study the religious practices of representatives of religions other than Orthodoxy.Проблематика русско-японской войны продолжает отставаться актуальной для исторических исследований, особенно в свете современных тенденций, характеризующих развитие российско-японские отношения. При этом проблема военнопленных - одна из самых болезненных в плане отношений между участниками военного конфликта. Анализ религиозного аспекта организации быта русских военнопленных в Японии позволяет по новому взглянуть на особенности культуры и государственной политики обеих стран. Интересным является также изучение религиозных практик представителей других, помимо православной, конфессий

Jean de Bloch’s Pacifi st Ideas Russian Military Thinkers of the Interwar Period

Рукопись поступила в редакцию 9 января 2018 г.В статье исследуется восприятие российскими военными мыслителями межвоенного периода одного из основополагающих трудов отечественного пацифизма конца XIX в. — книги И. С. Блиоха «Будущая война в техническом, политическом и экономическом отношениях». Эта работа была выражением взглядов определенной группы лиц, поставившей перед собой цель познакомить широкие общественные слои с современным уровнем развития военной техники и научными гипотезами по поводу характера и особенностей будущей войны в Европе. Данная книга спровоцировала широкую полемику между представителями военной науки и гражданскими мыслителями. Опыт Первой мировой войны во многом подтвердил правильность выводов И. С. Блиоха, однако отношение к его идеям со стороны отечественных военных 1920–1930-х гг. продолжало оставаться негативным. Представляется актуальным анализ причин критики и неприятия данной книги военными теоретиками.The paper focuses on the way Russian military inter-war thinkers received and reacted to a groundbreaking treatise on pacifi sm in Russia, which appeared at the end of the 19th century. This treatise by Jean de Bloch (or (Jan Gotlib Bloch) with the title “The Future of War: Iin Its Technical, Economic and Political Relations” expressed an emerging intellectual stance and aimed at enlightening the public about the current level of development in military equipment and technologies. It, in fact, was based on the scientifi c arguments and provided an accurate forecast about the nature and characteristics of the future war in Europe. This book provoked heated debates between representatives of the military theory and civil thinkers. The experience of the First World War in many ways confi rmed Jean de Bloch’s conclusions, but the military class resented and criticized his views even in 1920s-1930s. The article’s second part, therefore, analyses the reasons for criticism and rejection of this book by military theoreticians

Antioxidants in the Treatment of Chronic Diffuse Liver Diseases (the Results of the “MAXAR” Observational Program)

In the Russian Federation, liver diseases are most frequently represented by two their nosological forms, i.e., nonalcoholic and alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD and ALD). A successful management of such patients, along with improving the functional state of the liver, requires a careful analysis of patients’ nonspecific complaints. In particular, it is important to investigate asthenic syndrome, which can indirectly result in the exacerbation of liver diseases, thus incurring additional economic costs to national healthcare systems. Therefore, the elucidation of the nature of asthenic syndrome and a search for methods for its resolution seem to be highly relevant research tasks.Aim. This study aims to investigate the effect of the antioxidant drug (the extract of the Amur maackia wood) on the organic and functional components of asthenic syndrome in patients with NAFLD and ALD, who do not show signs of the disease decompensation. Materials and methods. An observational program was carried out under the conditions of daily clinical practice in three Russian cities: Moscow, Chelyabinsk and Vladivostok. 80 patients (40 with NAFLD, 40 with ALD) were comprehensively examined according to a developed program. A number of laboratory indicators that reveal inflammatory processes in the liver were studied, including leukocytes, ESR, ALT, AST, GGTP and CRP. The patients’ psycho-emotional status was assessed using a Daily Fatigue Impact Scale (D-FIS) and a four-dimensional scale for assessing distress, depression, anxiety and somatisation (4DSQ). Results. According to the D-FIS questionnaire, all the patients showed fatigue. According to the 4DSQ questionnaire, a correlation of distress with the level of laboratory indicators was revealed among all the patients. No such a correlation was noted for depression and anxiety in the patients with NAFLD. On the contrary, in the case of ALD, all psycho-emotional disorders (except for somatisation) were positively correlated with the markers of inflammation. It is shown that asthenic syndrome in patients with both NAFLD and ALD has a complex origin, being associated both with inflammatory processes in the liver and psycho-emotional disorders. In all cases under study, the prescription of the preparation led to a decrease in the studied laboratory indicators (inflammation markers) and an increase in the patients’ psycho-emotional status. The latter improvement was manifested in the reduction of distress, depression, anxiety and somatisation, according to the 4DSQ questionnaire, as well as in the reduction of fatigue, according to the D-FIS questionnaire.Conclusion. The results of the observational program have shown that patients with NAFLD and ALD frequently experience such components of asthenic syndrome as distress, depression, anxiety, somatisation and fatigue. The prescription of the preparation is found to result in a decrease in laboratory inflammatory indicators. In addition, the preparation is determined to positively affect the components of asthenic syndrome in patients with NAFLD and ALD. In the course of the treatment, no clinically significant side effects were documented

Antioxidants in the Treatment of Chronic Diffuse Liver Diseases (the Results of the “MAXAR” Observational Program)

In the Russian Federation, liver diseases are most frequently represented by two their nosological forms, i.e., nonalcoholic and alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD and ALD). A successful management of such patients, along with improving the functional state of the liver, requires a careful analysis of patients’ nonspecific complaints. In particular, it is important to investigate asthenic syndrome, which can indirectly result in the exacerbation of liver diseases, thus incurring additional economic costs to national healthcare systems. Therefore, the elucidation of the nature of asthenic syndrome and a search for methods for its resolution seem to be highly relevant research tasks.Aim. This study aims to investigate the effect of the antioxidant drug (the extract of the Amur maackia wood) on the organic and functional components of asthenic syndrome in patients with NAFLD and ALD, who do not show signs of the disease decompensation. Materials and methods. An observational program was carried out under the conditions of daily clinical practice in three Russian cities: Moscow, Chelyabinsk and Vladivostok. 80 patients (40 with NAFLD, 40 with ALD) were comprehensively examined according to a developed program. A number of laboratory indicators that reveal inflammatory processes in the liver were studied, including leukocytes, ESR, ALT, AST, GGTP and CRP. The patients’ psycho-emotional status was assessed using a Daily Fatigue Impact Scale (D-FIS) and a four-dimensional scale for assessing distress, depression, anxiety and somatisation (4DSQ). Results. According to the D-FIS questionnaire, all the patients showed fatigue. According to the 4DSQ questionnaire, a correlation of distress with the level of laboratory indicators was revealed among all the patients. No such a correlation was noted for depression and anxiety in the patients with NAFLD. On the contrary, in the case of ALD, all psycho-emotional disorders (except for somatisation) were positively correlated with the markers of inflammation. It is shown that asthenic syndrome in patients with both NAFLD and ALD has a complex origin, being associated both with inflammatory processes in the liver and psycho-emotional disorders. In all cases under study, the prescription of the preparation led to a decrease in the studied laboratory indicators (inflammation markers) and an increase in the patients’ psycho-emotional status. The latter improvement was manifested in the reduction of distress, depression, anxiety and somatisation, according to the 4DSQ questionnaire, as well as in the reduction of fatigue, according to the D-FIS questionnaire.Conclusion. The results of the observational program have shown that patients with NAFLD and ALD frequently experience such components of asthenic syndrome as distress, depression, anxiety, somatisation and fatigue. The prescription of the preparation is found to result in a decrease in laboratory inflammatory indicators. In addition, the preparation is determined to positively affect the components of asthenic syndrome in patients with NAFLD and ALD. In the course of the treatment, no clinically significant side effects were documented

RUPTURE OF THE SPLENIC ARTERY ANEURYSM IN PANCREATIC PSEUDOCYST FOLLOWED BY BREAKTHROUGH INTO THE STOMACH

The article presented the clinical case of massive bleeding due to a rupture of the splenic artery aneurysm in a pancreatic pseudocyst followed by breakthrough into the stomach.The authors declare no conflict of interest.The authors confirm that they respect the rights of the people participated in the study, including obtaining informed consent when it is necessary, and the rules of treatment of animals when they are used in the study. Author Guidelines contains the detailed information