The Orthodox Army and State in Russia in the Beginning of the 20th Century: the Theological and Philosophical View

В статье исследуется вопрос об особенностях православной армии и ее взаимоотношениях с государством в начале ХХ в. В основе исследования — идеи русской философии и богословия данного периода в лице таких мыслителей, как митрополит Антоний (Храповицкий), И. А. Ильин и Л. П. Карсавин. В ряде публикаций этих авторов происходит развитие концепции «христолюбивого воинства», которая появилась во второй половине XIX в. Довольно быстро эта концепция получила повсеместное распространение в общественном сознании, однако была подвергнута жесткой критике со стороны философской общественности и неортодоксального богословия. В результате развернувшейся полемики окончательно сформировались философские и богословские представления об особенностях православной армии в контексте развития Российского государства и Православной церкви.The article examines the peculiarities of the Orthodox army and its relationship with the state at the beginning of the 20th century. This paper analyses philosophical and theological ideas of this period presented in the works of such thinkers as Metropolitan Anthony (Khrapovitsky), I. A. Ilyin and L. P. Karsavin. In a number of their publications, the concept of the “Christloving host”, which appeared in the second half of the 19th century, is being developed. Quite quickly, this concept had become widely circulated among the general public, but was subjected to severe criticism from the philosophical community and theologians of other confessions. In this unfolding controversy, philosophical and theological ideas about the peculiarities of the Orthodox army in the context of the development of the Russian state and the Orthodox Church were finally formed.Исследование выполнено при поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда (проект № 20-18-00240)

Hydrochemical Research and Geochemical Classification of Salt Lakes in the Pavlodar Region

This paper presents the results of a study of the macrocomponent composition of 15 salt lakes of the Pavlodar region. For the first time, based on the data of the chemical composition and pH of the waters, the geochemical classification of the lakes of this region has been proposed. The study shows that the majority of the analyzed objects are lakes of chloride type with sodium cationic composition

The religious aspect of the organization of camps for Russian prisoners of war during the Russian-Japanese war of 1904-1905

The Russian-Japanese war is an actual problem of historical research. This is especially relevant in the context of current trends in the development of Russian-Japanese relations. At the same time, the problem of prisoners of war is one of the most painful for relations between participants in a military conflict. An analysis of the religious aspect of the organization of the life of Russian prisoners of war in Japan makes it possible to take a fresh look at the characteristics of culture and the states of both countries. It is also interesting to study the religious practices of representatives of religions other than Orthodoxy.Проблематика русско-японской войны продолжает отставаться актуальной для исторических исследований, особенно в свете современных тенденций, характеризующих развитие российско-японские отношения. При этом проблема военнопленных - одна из самых болезненных в плане отношений между участниками военного конфликта. Анализ религиозного аспекта организации быта русских военнопленных в Японии позволяет по новому взглянуть на особенности культуры и государственной политики обеих стран. Интересным является также изучение религиозных практик представителей других, помимо православной, конфессий

Developing a Model for Horizontal Array Coherence in the Presence of Random Linear Internal Waves

The resolution of a horizontal array in shallow water is limited by the environmental variability introduced by several oceanographic processes. The present work exercises a numerical model for how one oceanographic process, nearly linear internal waves, affects array coherence. As the linear internal waves can be represented as a random process, the model is statistical and calculates the mean coherence length. Three results from William Carey\u27s pioneering work [J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 104, pp. 831-837, 1998] are examined: an analytical model for the array correlation function, the weak dependence of coherence length on source-receiver range, and scenarios where linear internal waves can produce a coherence length of approximately 30 wavelengths

Modeling the Effects of Linear Shallow-Water Internal Waves on Horizontal Array Coherence

The coherence length of a horizontal array is the maximum separation between two points where coherent processing gives useful gain when a distant source is at broadside. In shallow water, the coherence length is limited by the environmental variability caused by several relevant oceanographic processes. In the present study, a statistical model is developed that quantifies how one oceanographic process, linear internal waves, affects the coherence length. A key input to the ocean sub-model is the vertically integrated energy density of the internal wave field. The acoustic sub-model is based on the adiabatic normal mode approximation and so should be reasonable for frequencies under 1 kHz. Numerical calculations using environmental data from the Shallow Water 2006 Experiment (SW06) show how the coherence length of individual modes varies with consequent effects on array coherence. The coherence length is shown to be a strong function of where the source and array are positioned in the water column. For a bottom-mounted array above a moderately lossy seabed, the model predicts a coherence length that depends only weakly on range, an effect observed in field experiments

Jean de Bloch’s Pacifi st Ideas Russian Military Thinkers of the Interwar Period

Рукопись поступила в редакцию 9 января 2018 г.В статье исследуется восприятие российскими военными мыслителями межвоенного периода одного из основополагающих трудов отечественного пацифизма конца XIX в. — книги И. С. Блиоха «Будущая война в техническом, политическом и экономическом отношениях». Эта работа была выражением взглядов определенной группы лиц, поставившей перед собой цель познакомить широкие общественные слои с современным уровнем развития военной техники и научными гипотезами по поводу характера и особенностей будущей войны в Европе. Данная книга спровоцировала широкую полемику между представителями военной науки и гражданскими мыслителями. Опыт Первой мировой войны во многом подтвердил правильность выводов И. С. Блиоха, однако отношение к его идеям со стороны отечественных военных 1920–1930-х гг. продолжало оставаться негативным. Представляется актуальным анализ причин критики и неприятия данной книги военными теоретиками.The paper focuses on the way Russian military inter-war thinkers received and reacted to a groundbreaking treatise on pacifi sm in Russia, which appeared at the end of the 19th century. This treatise by Jean de Bloch (or (Jan Gotlib Bloch) with the title “The Future of War: Iin Its Technical, Economic and Political Relations” expressed an emerging intellectual stance and aimed at enlightening the public about the current level of development in military equipment and technologies. It, in fact, was based on the scientifi c arguments and provided an accurate forecast about the nature and characteristics of the future war in Europe. This book provoked heated debates between representatives of the military theory and civil thinkers. The experience of the First World War in many ways confi rmed Jean de Bloch’s conclusions, but the military class resented and criticized his views even in 1920s-1930s. The article’s second part, therefore, analyses the reasons for criticism and rejection of this book by military theoreticians

Efficacy of Physiologically Active nutrients in the Treatment of Asthenic Disorders in Patients with Chronic Diffuse Liver Diseases

Over the period after an exacerbation of chronic liver diseases, patients often retain common symptoms (weakness or fatigue, bad mood, sleep disorder, vegetative disorders — asthenic syndrome). In the context of prevention and treatment of these symptoms, such nutraceutical products as enriched foods in the form of tablets, sachets, etc, have been increasingly attracting research attention.Aim. To study the efficacy of the “Hepato Smart” nutraceutical product for the treatment of asthenic syndrome in outpatients suffering from chronic diffuse liver diseases with compensated function and functional disorders of the gallbladder over the period after exacerbation.Materials and methods. The study included 50 patients, with 41 of them having completed the program. The nutraceutical product (curcumin, piperine, tanshinone IIA, choline; standardized for curcumin and choline) was assigned 1 pill 3 times a day with meals for 4 weeks. To objectify common symptoms, we used a D-FIS questionnaire (Daily Fatigue Impact Scale), a 4DSQ Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire for assessing distress, depression, anxiety and somatization, and a SF-36 questionnaire for assessing the quality of life.Results. Following 4 weeks of the “Hepato Smart” course, a statistically significant decrease in fatigue was noted by D-FIS scores (p = 0.003), as well as a decrease in the level of distress, depression, anxiety and somatization by 4DSQ scores (p = 0.005; p = 0.006; p = 0.003; p = 0.003, respectively). The quality of patients’ life according to the SF36 questionnaire also improved due to both physical and psychological components (p = 0.003). 16 patients continued taking the preparation for another 8 weeks to maintain the achieved result. As an additional effect, the disappearance of pain in the right hypochondrium was noted in those cases when patients presented this complaint at the time of inclusion in the observation program. The safety profile was good, 1/3 of the patients noted the appearance of heartburn, which was eliminated when taking the product with food.Conclusion. The “Hepato Smart” nutraceutical product improves the general condition of patients with chronic diffuse liver diseases and functional disorders of the gallbladder due to a significant reduction in fatigue and anxiety. It also improves the quality of patients’ life due to the physical and mental components of health

Efficacy of Physiologically Active nutrients in the Treatment of Asthenic Disorders in Patients with Chronic Diffuse Liver Diseases

Over the period after an exacerbation of chronic liver diseases, patients often retain common symptoms (weakness or fatigue, bad mood, sleep disorder, vegetative disorders — asthenic syndrome). In the context of prevention and treatment of these symptoms, such nutraceutical products as enriched foods in the form of tablets, sachets, etc, have been increasingly attracting research attention.Aim. To study the efficacy of the “Hepato Smart” nutraceutical product for the treatment of asthenic syndrome in outpatients suffering from chronic diffuse liver diseases with compensated function and functional disorders of the gallbladder over the period after exacerbation.Materials and methods. The study included 50 patients, with 41 of them having completed the program. The nutraceutical product (curcumin, piperine, tanshinone IIA, choline; standardized for curcumin and choline) was assigned 1 pill 3 times a day with meals for 4 weeks. To objectify common symptoms, we used a D-FIS questionnaire (Daily Fatigue Impact Scale), a 4DSQ Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire for assessing distress, depression, anxiety and somatization, and a SF-36 questionnaire for assessing the quality of life.Results. Following 4 weeks of the “Hepato Smart” course, a statistically significant decrease in fatigue was noted by D-FIS scores (p = 0.003), as well as a decrease in the level of distress, depression, anxiety and somatization by 4DSQ scores (p = 0.005; p = 0.006; p = 0.003; p = 0.003, respectively). The quality of patients’ life according to the SF36 questionnaire also improved due to both physical and psychological components (p = 0.003). 16 patients continued taking the preparation for another 8 weeks to maintain the achieved result. As an additional effect, the disappearance of pain in the right hypochondrium was noted in those cases when patients presented this complaint at the time of inclusion in the observation program. The safety profile was good, 1/3 of the patients noted the appearance of heartburn, which was eliminated when taking the product with food.Conclusion. The “Hepato Smart” nutraceutical product improves the general condition of patients with chronic diffuse liver diseases and functional disorders of the gallbladder due to a significant reduction in fatigue and anxiety. It also improves the quality of patients’ life due to the physical and mental components of health