Étude des récepteurs des kinines dans les complications diabétiques chez le rat

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal

European Union pharmacovigilance capabilities : potential for the new legislation

European Directives and Regulations introduced between late 2010 and 2012 have substantially overhauled pharmacovigilance processes across the European Union (EU). In this review, the implementation of the pharmacovigilance legislative framework by EU regulators is examined with the aim of mapping Directive 2010/84/EU and Regulation EC No. 1235/2010 against their aspired objectives of strengthening and rationalizing pharmacovigilance in the EU. A comprehensive review of the current state of affairs of the progress made by EU regulators is presented in this paper. Our review shows that intense efforts by regulators and industry to fulfil legislative obligations have resulted in major positive shifts in pharmacovigilance. Harmonized decision making, transparency in decision processes with patient involvement, information accessibility to the public, patient adverse drug reaction reporting, efforts in communication and enhanced cooperation between member states to maximize resource utilization and minimize duplication of efforts are observed.peer-reviewe

Colorectal carcinomas with microsatellite instability display a different pattern of target gene mutations according to large bowel site of origin

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Only a few studies have addressed the molecular pathways specifically involved in carcinogenesis of the distal colon and rectum. We aimed to identify potential differences among genetic alterations in distal colon and rectal carcinomas as compared to cancers arising elsewhere in the large bowel.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Constitutional and tumor DNA from a test series of 37 patients with rectal and 25 patients with sigmoid carcinomas, previously analyzed for microsatellite instability (MSI), was studied for <it>BAX</it>, <it>IGF2R</it>, <it>TGFBR2</it>, <it>MSH3</it>, and <it>MSH6 </it>microsatellite sequence alterations, <it>BRAF </it>and <it>KRAS </it>mutations, and <it>MLH1 </it>promoter methylation. The findings were then compared with those of an independent validation series consisting of 36 MSI-H carcinomas with origin from each of the large bowel regions. Immunohistochemical and germline mutation analyses of the mismatch repair system were performed when appropriate.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In the test series, <it>IGFR2 </it>and <it>BAX </it>mutations were present in one and two out of the six distal MSI-H carcinomas, respectively, and no mutations were detected in <it>TGFBR2</it>, <it>MSH3</it>, and <it>MSH6</it>. We confirmed these findings in the validation series, with <it>TGFBR2 </it>and <it>MSH3 </it>microsatellite mutations occurring less frequently in MSI-H rectal and sigmoid carcinomas than in MSI-H colon carcinomas elsewhere (<it>P </it>= 0.00005 and <it>P </it>= 0.0000005, respectively, when considering all MSI-carcinomas of both series). No <it>MLH1 </it>promoter methylation was observed in the MSI-H rectal and sigmoid carcinomas of both series, as compared to 53% found in MSI-H carcinomas from other locations (<it>P </it>= 0.004). <it>KRAS </it>and <it>BRAF </it>mutational frequencies were 19% and 43% in proximal carcinomas and 25% and 17% in rectal/sigmoid carcinomas, respectively.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The mechanism and the pattern of genetic changes driving MSI-H carcinogenesis in distal colon and rectum appears to differ from that occurring elsewhere in the colon and further investigation is warranted both in patients with sporadic or hereditary disease.</p

Effects and Characterization of Some Topical Ointments Based on Vegetal Extracts on Incision, Excision, and Thermal Wound Models

The present paper aims to formulate and characterize four phytotherapeutic ointments based on Hippophae fructus, Calendulae flos, Bardanae folium, and Millefolii herba, which are included in a novel ointment base. In order to investigate the healing properties of the ointments, in vivo experimental wound models of linear incision, circular excision, and thermal burn were performed on Wistar rats. Topical treatment was performed daily for 21 days. Determination of the wound contraction rate (WCR), the period of reepithelization, and histopathological examination were achieved. Additionally, for the tested ointments, oscillatory and rotational rheological tests were carried out, and for the extracts, HPLC analysis was performed. The results demonstrate that the tested novel ointments are safe for use and the most effective ointment proved to be the one based on Arctium lappa, followed by that of Calendulae flos

Evaluation of the Healing Effect of Ointments Based on Bee Products on Cutaneous Lesions in Wistar Rats

The wound-healing capacity of ointments based on bee products was investigated in vivo on three experimental models of incision, excision and heat burn. For this purpose, four ointments were prepared with propolis, honey, apilarnil (drone brood homogenate) and a mixture of these three apitherapy products. The ointments were applied topically for 21 days. Clinical and macroscopic evaluation was performed throughout the experiment, with the recording of the re-epithelialization period and determination of the wound contraction rate on days 6 and 9. The histopathological examination was performed on days 1, 3, 12 and 21 of the treatment. The topical formulations were also characterized from a rheological point of view in order to verify their stability. HPLC analysis of propolis revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, particularly ferulic acid and p-coumaric which were found in high amounts. All ointments had beneficial effects on wound contraction and the re-epithelialization period, but the most significant result, both macroscopically and especially in terms of histological architecture, was presented by the ointment that contains all three apitherapy products, due to their synergistic effect

NOBLE METAL CEMENTS: BALANCING ADVANTAGES AND CONSIDERATIONS IN DENTISTRY

Aim of the study The primary objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive assessment of noble metal cements in dental medicine. By synthesizing relevant scientific literature, we aim to offer a thorough understanding of the characteristics, applications, advantages, and disadvantages of noble metal cements in contemporary dental practice. Through an evidence-based approach, our study seeks to inform dental professionals and researchers about the role and considerations surrounding the use of noble metal cements in restorative and prosthetic dentistry. Material and methods In pursuit of our study’s objectives, we conducted an extensive exploration of the pertinent scientific literature. To gather relevant information and data, systematic searches were meticulously executed in electronic databases known for their dental and medical coverage. These databases included PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. Our search criteria were designed to retrieve articles published from May and onwards, ensuring that our review encompasses the most contemporary research and developments in the field of noble metal cements in dental medicine. Results The results of this comprehensive review are presented in a structured and organized manner, shedding light on various aspects of noble metal cements in dental medicine. We synthesize the current scientific knowledge regarding the properties, applications, and advantages of noble metal cements while also addressing potential disadvantages and limitations. Through our analysis, we aim to provide a holistic perspective on the use of noble metal cements in various dental scenarios. Conclusions Drawing from the gathered data and insights, our review offers conclusions that underscore the significance of noble metal cements in dental medicine. We discuss their biocompatibility, durability, malleability, and versatility, while also acknowledging considerations related to cost, esthetics, and environmental impact. By addressing these aspects, our study provides valuable guidance for dental professionals, educators, and researchers, supporting evidence-based decision-making in the use of noble metal cements for dental restorations and prosthetic applications

ZINC-BASED DENTAL CEMENTS: PROPERTIES, APPLICATIONS, AND ADVANCEMENTS

Aim of the study Zinc-based dental cements have played a significant role in restorative dentistry for several decades. These cements, including zinc phosphate, zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE), and zinc polycarboxylate, offer unique properties and have been utilized in various clinical applications. Material and methods We performed an extensive exploration of pertinent scientific literature to gather information for the present review. Systematic searches were executed in electronic databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, targeting articles released from April. The scope of the search focused on articles written exclusively in the English language. The search encompassed a comprehensive set of keywords and their various combinations, including “zinc-based dental cements,” “properties,” “applications,” “advancements,” “biocompatibility,” “adhesion,” “mechanical strength,” “temporary restorations,” “luting agents,” “dental materials,” and “clinical outcomes.” Results zinc-based dental cements have demonstrated their significant potential as versatile materials in modern dentistry. Through a comprehensive exploration of their properties, applications, and advancements, it is evident that these cements offer a wide range of benefits for both practitioners and patients. Conclusions As research and development efforts persist, it is foreseeable that zinc-based dental cements will continue to evolve, further solidifying their role as integral components of successful dental treatments. With their ever-expanding applications and consistent improvements, these cements contribute significantly to the advancement of dental care, benefiting both practitioners and patients alike