Interobserver Variability of Histopathological Prognostic Parameters in Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma : Impact on Patient Management

Clinical management of primary cutaneous melanomas is based on histopathological staging of the tumour. The aim of this study was to investigate, in a non-selected population in clinical practice, the agreement rate between general pathologists and pathologists experienced in melanoma in terms of the evaluation of histopathological prognostic parameters in cutaneous malignant melanomas, and to what extent the putative variability affected clinical management. A total of 234 cases of invasive cutaneous malignant melanoma were included in the study from the Stockholm-Gotland Healthcare Region in Sweden. Overall interobserver variability between a general pathologist and an expert review was 68.8-84.8%. Approximately 15.5% of melanomas <= 1 mm were re-classified either as melanoma in situ or melanomas >1 mm after review. In conclusion, review by a pathologist experienced in melanoma resulted in a change in recommendations about surgical excision margins and/or sentinel node biopsy in subgroups of Ti melanomas

Playing as an early-childhood promotion of communication skills

Darba autore: Agita Kaža Darba tēma: Rotaļa kā saskarsmes prasmju sekmētāja agrās bērnības vecumā Darba vadītājs: Prof. Dr. psych.Tija Zīriņa Pētījuma mērķis: Pētīt 2 – 3 gadīgu bērnu saskarsmes prasmes rotaļās Pētījuma saturs: darba teorētiskās daļas pirmajā nodaļā tiek aplūkotas un analizētas dažādu pedagogu, psihologu atziņas par saskarsmi, kā veidojas saskarsme pirmsskolā. Darba otrajā nodaļā tiek pētīta agrās bērnības saskarsmju prasmju sekmēšanā rotaļās. Nodaļas saturs lielākoties balstās uz praktisko pētījumu. Pētījumā piedalās agrās bērnības vecuma 16 bērni. Pētījumā tiek organizētas rotaļas ar kuru palīdzību bērni veicina sekmīgu saskarsmes prasmju veidošanos. Secinājumos apkopota nozīmīgākā informācija saskarsmes prasmju attīstību rotaļā. Atslēgas vārdi: saskarsme, saskarsmes prasmju attīstība, rotaļa, pirmsskola, bērni. Darba apjoms: darbs sastāv no 4 nodaļām un 5 apakšnodaļām, tam ir 55 lapas. Darbā aplūkojamas 2 tabulas, 2 attēli un pielikums, kurā ir redzams 21 attēls, izmantotās literatūras saraksts sastāv no 45 avotiem.Author of the work: Agita Kaza Theme of the work: Playing as an early-childhood promotion of communication skills Supervisor of the work: Prof. Dr. psych. Tija Zirina The aim of the research: To study 2-3-year-olds' skills in games Study content: the first chapter of the theoretical part of the work looks at and analyzes the knowledge of various educators, psychologists, about how they come into contact in preschool. The second section of work examines the promotion of early childhood communication skills in games. The content of the chapter is largely based on the practical study. 16 children of the age of early childhood are involved in the study. The study organizes games to help children develop successful communication skills. The conclusions summarise key information on the development of communication skills in play. Keywords: communication, development of communication skills, playing, preschool, children. Scope of the work: the work consists of 4 chapters and 5 subdivisions, with 55 pages. The work includes 2 tables, 2 pictures and an attachment showing 21 figures, a list of authorities used consisting of 45 sources