A Reappraisal of the Luroy, Norway, Earthquake of 31 August 1819

Archives and libraries were visited to find previously unknown documents testifying to the Luroy, Norway, earthquake of 31 August 1819 in northernmost continental Europe. The focus here is on Sweden, Finland, and Russia, which are important for determining the area of perceptibility east of Norway. The new written sources include 12 notes or entries in original archived documents, six contemporary newspaper reports, and two recollections written down years later. The original documentation uncovered is contributory to establishing the authenticity of the observations in Finland and Sweden. The dates of the original documentation allow tracing of the dissemination of eyewitness accounts in writing from the inner area of perceptibility southward to the larger documentation and population centers. New sources of information include weather reports of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, minutes of its meetings, and correspondence sent to the Senate in Finland. The minutes of meetings of the Academy indicate that ample data were collected in the Swedish province of Vasterbotten. We found no original Russian documentation but uncovered national newspapers that are more reliable than the previously used Parisian newspaper. To increase transparency, we provide the first list of macroseismic data points (MDPs) including the respective documentation that testify to the Luroy earthquake. A macroseismic intensity was assigned to a locality, using the European Macroseismic Scale of 1998, when adequate information was available. Accounting for the uncertainty of intensity assessment, the magnitude was estimated as moment magnitude M = 5.9 +/- 0.2, reconfirming the ranking as the largest onshore or nearshore earthquake in the historical seismicity record of Fennoscandia. In addition to the reappraisal of the 31 August 1819 earthquake, a macroseismic map is provided for the earthquake of 17 February 1819, which was felt in northern Finland and Sweden. Some of its MDPs were previously associated with the Luroy earthquake.Peer reviewe

Brandteknisk riskvärdering av Idrottens hus i Helsingborg

This report is part of the course VBR054 Fire Safety Evaluation at the Department of Fire Safety Engineering at Lund University. The report is an evaluation of the fire safety regarding evacuation at Idrottens hus in Helsingborg. Idrottens hus is a multi-purpose arena which hosts concerts and various sports events. A number of likely fire scenarios are identified and three of the scenarios are chosen for further analysis. The fire scenarios are simulated in FDS and the evacuation is simulated in Simulex. By comparing the time to critical conditions and evacuation time the margin for evacuation can be evaluated. A number of improvements are suggested to increase the safety. If these improvements are implemented the overall fire safety of Idrottens hus is considered satisfying

High Speed Magnetic Tweezers at 100KHz with Superluminescent Diode Illumination

In the last decade, various applications of gaseous exchange measurements have been developed to quantify the production or consumption of particular gases by animals. Notably, booming research into methane emissions has led to an expansion of the number of facilities in which such measurements are made. Results of a ring test calibration of respiration chambers in the UK by Gardiner et al. (2015) confirmed our concern that not all research groups comply with the same standards of chamber operation

Should the contribution of one additional lame cow depend on how many other cows on the farm are lame?

Welfare Quality® proposes a system for aggregation according to which the total welfare score for a group of animals is a non-linear effect of the prevalence of welfare scores across the individuals within the group. Three assumptions serve to justify this: (1) experts do not follow a linear reasoning when they assess a welfare problem; (2) it serves to prevent compensation (severe welfare problems hidden by scoring well on other aspects of welfare); (3) experts agree on the weight of different welfare measures. We use two sources of data to examine these assumptions: animal welfare data from 44 Danish dairy farms with Danish Holstein Friesian cows, and data from a questionnaire study with a convenience sample of 307 experts in animal welfare, of which we received responses from over 50%. Our main results were: (1) the total group-level welfare score as assigned by experts is a non-linear function of the individual animal welfare states within the group; (2) the WQ system does not prevent what experts perceive as unacceptable compensation; (3) the level of agreement among experts appears to vary across measures. Our findings give rise to concerns about the proposed aggregation system offered by WQ