18 research outputs found
Trends in crop reference evapotranspiration and climatological variables across Ceará state: Brazil.
Irrigation has a substantial share in total world water demand. At the global level, the withdrawal ratio for agriculture is 69 percent. Irrigation is necessary to compensate evapotranspiration (ET) deficit due to insufficient precipitation. Knowing the impacts of climatic changes on meteorological variables that directly affect the ET is important for successful climate adaptation. This paper analyzes annual trends in measured meteorological variables and in the crop reference evapotranspiration (ET0), at eight climatological stations in Ceará State, Brazil. Two statistical tests for trend analysis were used - Mann-Kendall and linear regression. The results indicate positive trend, statistically significant, in the maximum air temperature in five of eight stations. Minimum air temperature showed positive trend in three stations. Wind speed, sunshine hours and relative humidity presented positive and negative trends. These irregular patterns directly impacted ET0 in three stations. It seems that the increasing trend in ET0 was probably due to a significant increase detected in maximum temperature and minimum air temperature, not fully offset by the decrease in wind speed and relative humidity. The warning from these results is that water demand for irrigation is expected to significantly increase over the next decades on in Jaguaribe River Basin
Direito, emancipação e cidadania: a experiência do projeto Promotoras Legais Populares no embate à violência contra a mulher e na transformação de realidades
O artigo fala sobre o Projeto de Extensão Promotoras Legais Populares, grupo que debate e discute temas relacionados ao direito, à discriminação de gênero, cidadania etc. O objetivo primordial do grupo é fornecer à s mulheres ”“ de diferentes contextos socioculturais ”“maior conhecimento e maior senso crítico sobre seus direitos, que são constantemente sobrepostos e esquecidos dentro de uma sociedade machista. O projeto se funda, principalmente, em três bases teóricas: na visão mais ampliada do direito, na educação jurídica popular e nas ações afirmativas em gênero
Tuberculose pulmonar: perfil epidemiológico do sertão Pernambucano, Brasil / Pulmonary tuberculosis: epidemiological profile of sertão Pernambucano, Brazil
Atualmente, observa-se que a tuberculose pulmonar constitui um importante problema de Saúde Pública no mundo, uma vez que esse agravo apresentou, em 2015, 10,4 milhões de casos, dos quais, mais de um milhão de pessoas vieram a óbito. Sob essa perspectiva, o presente artigo tem como objetivo traçar um perfil epidemiológico dos casos de Tuberculose Pulmonar notificados no município de Serra Talhada, entre os anos de 2007 a 2017. Foi realizado um estudo de série histórica observacional do tipo transversal, no intervalo de tempo de 2007 a 2017. No período investigado o número de casos de tuberculose pulmonar foi de 246 casos, o local que teve a maior prevalência foi Serra Talhada, 287 por 100 mil habitantes. Diante dos dados apresentados, é imprescindível concluir, portanto, que esse estudo corrobora o perfil epidemiológico brasileiro para a Tuberculose Pulmonar, o qual indica variabilidade nos índices de acometimento durante o período analisado
DIAGNÓSTICO MOLECULAR DA LEUCEMIA MIELOIDE AGUDA: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
A medula óssea é um órgão de grande importância na vida do ser humano. Possui como uma de suas funções a regulação da produção de células sanguíneas, a qual orienta a formação, o desenvolvimento, a distinção e a maturação das células. Este processo ocorre a partir das células-tronco que, por serem indistintas, dispõem da competência de formar diversos tipos celulares e linhagens específicas, como: linfoide e mieloide. O presente trabalho consiste em uma revisão integrativa, no qual tem como objetivo discorrer acerca do diagnóstico molecular da leucemia mieloide aguda, mediante considerações acerca da Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase, do Cariótipo e da Imunofenotipagem, com o intuito de esclarecer a finalidade destes para estudantes e profissionais da área. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura do tipo integrativa, na qual foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica. O diagnóstico da Leucemia Mieloide Aguda fundamenta-se a partir da anamnese, definindo os sinais e sintomas, associado ao hemograma, o qual deve representar, um número de blastos superior a 20% a cada 200 células, na contagem diferencial no sangue periférico. Para a análise citomorfológica das células blásticas, a classificação Franco-Américo-Britânico era a mais aceita para melhor determinar os subtipos que caracterizam a doença, sendo eles de M0-M7. Todavia, esse procedimento está em desuso e, hoje, outros exames de origem bio molecular, citogenética e imunofenotipagem são mais específicos e estão sendo usados como predileção. Em suma, é possível concluir que os exames empregados para o diagnóstico de leucemia mieloide aguda são fundamentais para sua descoberta
Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network
International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora
NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics
Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data
NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics
Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data