Nouvelles électrodes modifiées avec cyclodextrines pour applications pharmaceutiques et biomédicales

The cyclodextrin modified electrodes with enhanced analytical performances represent an attractive promise for the future development of electrochemical (bio)sensors and remain a very active field of research for a wide range of applications in many areas, including pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. The aim of this study was to develop novel cyclodextrin modified electrodes for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. The β-cyclodextrin influence was investigated both in solution and immobilized at the electrode surface.The influence of β-cyclodextrin on the electrochemical behavior of some pharmaceuticals (ascorbic acid, uric acid, caffeine, theophylline, aminophylline, and acetaminophen) in aqueous solutions was studied by using electrochemical and spectral methods, which highlighted the inclusion complexes formation.Various techniques were used for the electrode modification with β-cyclodextrin, such as: the incorporation in carbon paste and the entrapment in polymeric films (polyethylenimine). These sensors allowed the simultaneous determination of ascorbic and uric acids. The modified electrodes were also applied for the dosage of ascorbic acid in two pharmaceutical products and for the ascorbic and uric acids quantification in human urine with good performances.Two types of biosensors based on a new nanostructured graphene framework were developed with reduced graphene oxide, β-cyclodextrin and tyrosinase by using either layer by layer method or electropolymerization. These new nanocomposites were characterized by spectral, microscopic and electrochemical techniques. The optimized biosensors were successfully applied for catechol and dopamine determination in pharmaceutical products, serum and urine samples with good recoveries.The solubilization in water of some new fluorophores (four new synthesized tetrazines) by using -cyclodextrin and gold nanoparticles modified with β-cyclodextrin was reported. The redox supramolecular assemblies were characterized in water by electrochemical and fluorescence measurements. The immobilization of tetrazines onto various types of electrodes modified with polypyrrole-cyclodextrin was also achieved and examined by electrochemical, microscopic and spectroscopic techniques.Another original contribution is the combination of nanosphere lithography by using latex beads with different diameters (900 and 100 nm), with the electropolymerization of a Ru(II)-pyrrole monomer. The achievement of highly organized micro and nanostructures showed enhanced features for the photosensitive electrogenerated poly-[RuII-pyrrole] films. Furthermore, poly-[RuII-pyrrole] film was modified with other types of pyrrole derivatives presenting complexation properties in order to immobilize biomolecules at the electrode surface.Les électrodes modifiées avec cyclodextrines ayant des grandes performances analytiques représentent une alternative intéressante pour le développement de (bio)capteurs électrochimiques dans un domaine attractif de la recherche pour différentes applications, et notamment les analyses pharmaceutiques et biomédicales. Le but de cette étude a été de développer de nouvelles électrodes modifiées avec β-cyclodextrine pour des applications biomédicales et pharmaceutiques. L'influence de la β-cyclodextrine a été étudiée en solution et à la surface d’électrodes.L'influence de la β-cyclodextrine en solution aqueuse sur le comportement électrochimique de certaines substances pharmaceutiques (l’acide ascorbique, l'acide urique, la caféine, la théophylline, l'aminophylline et l'acétaminophène) a été étudiée en utilisant des méthodes électrochimiques et spectrales, mettant en évidence la formation de complexes d'inclusion.Diverses techniques ont été utilisées pour la modification des électrodes avec β-cyclodextrine: l'incorporation de la β-cyclodextrine dans la pâte de carbone et le piégeage dans des films polymères de polyéthylèneimine. Ces capteurs ont permis la détermination simultanée de l'acide ascorbique et de l'acide urique. Les électrodes modifiées ont été aussi appliquées pour le dosage de l'acide ascorbique dans deux produits pharmaceutiques et pour l’évaluation quantitative de l'acide ascorbique et de l'acide urique dans l’urine humaine avec de bonnes performances.Deux types de biocapteurs basés sur une nouvelle nanostructure de graphène ont été élaborés avec de l'oxyde réduit de graphène, de β-cyclodextrine et de tyrosinase en utilisant la méthode couche par couche et l’électropolymérisation. Les nouveaux nanocomposites ont été caractérisés par des techniques spectrales, microscopiques et électrochimiques. Les biocapteurs optimisés ont été appliquées avec succès pour la détermination du catéchol et de la dopamine dans des produits pharmaceutiques et des échantillons biologiques avec une bonne récupération.La solubilisation dans l'eau de certains nouveaux fluorophores (quatre nouvelles tétrazines) en utilisant la -cyclodextrine et de nanoparticules d'or modifiées avec β-cyclodextrine a été signalée. Les assemblages supramoléculaires redox ont été caractérisés dans l'eau par analyses électrochimiques et de fluorescence. L'immobilisation de tétrazines sur différents types d'électrodes modifiées par polypyrrole-cyclodextrine a été également réalisée et examinée par techniques électrochimiques, spectroscopiques et microscopiques.Une autre contribution originale est la combinaison de la lithographie avec de nanosphères utilisant des billes de latex avec différents diamètres (900 et 100 nm), avec l’électropolymérisation du monomère pyrrole-Ru(II). Des micro et nanostructures très organisées ont été réalisées en présentant de meilleures6propriétés pour le film photosensible de poly [Ru(II)-pyrrole]. Par ailleurs, le film de poly [Ru(II)-pyrrole] a été modifié avec d'autres types de dérivés de pyrrole qui présentent de propriétés de complexation utiles pour l’immobilisation des biomolécules à la surface de l'électrode

Nouvelles électrodes modifiées avec cyclodextrines pour applications pharmaceutiques et biomédicales

The cyclodextrin modified electrodes with enhanced analytical performances represent an attractive promise for the future development of electrochemical (bio)sensors and remain a very active field of research for a wide range of applications in many areas, including pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. The aim of this study was to develop novel cyclodextrin modified electrodes for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. The β-cyclodextrin influence was investigated both in solution and immobilized at the electrode surface.The influence of β-cyclodextrin on the electrochemical behavior of some pharmaceuticals (ascorbic acid, uric acid, caffeine, theophylline, aminophylline, and acetaminophen) in aqueous solutions was studied by using electrochemical and spectral methods, which highlighted the inclusion complexes formation.Various techniques were used for the electrode modification with β-cyclodextrin, such as: the incorporation in carbon paste and the entrapment in polymeric films (polyethylenimine). These sensors allowed the simultaneous determination of ascorbic and uric acids. The modified electrodes were also applied for the dosage of ascorbic acid in two pharmaceutical products and for the ascorbic and uric acids quantification in human urine with good performances.Two types of biosensors based on a new nanostructured graphene framework were developed with reduced graphene oxide, β-cyclodextrin and tyrosinase by using either layer by layer method or electropolymerization. These new nanocomposites were characterized by spectral, microscopic and electrochemical techniques. The optimized biosensors were successfully applied for catechol and dopamine determination in pharmaceutical products, serum and urine samples with good recoveries.The solubilization in water of some new fluorophores (four new synthesized tetrazines) by using -cyclodextrin and gold nanoparticles modified with β-cyclodextrin was reported. The redox supramolecular assemblies were characterized in water by electrochemical and fluorescence measurements. The immobilization of tetrazines onto various types of electrodes modified with polypyrrole-cyclodextrin was also achieved and examined by electrochemical, microscopic and spectroscopic techniques.Another original contribution is the combination of nanosphere lithography by using latex beads with different diameters (900 and 100 nm), with the electropolymerization of a Ru(II)-pyrrole monomer. The achievement of highly organized micro and nanostructures showed enhanced features for the photosensitive electrogenerated poly-[RuII-pyrrole] films. Furthermore, poly-[RuII-pyrrole] film was modified with other types of pyrrole derivatives presenting complexation properties in order to immobilize biomolecules at the electrode surface.Les électrodes modifiées avec cyclodextrines ayant des grandes performances analytiques représentent une alternative intéressante pour le développement de (bio)capteurs électrochimiques dans un domaine attractif de la recherche pour différentes applications, et notamment les analyses pharmaceutiques et biomédicales. Le but de cette étude a été de développer de nouvelles électrodes modifiées avec β-cyclodextrine pour des applications biomédicales et pharmaceutiques. L'influence de la β-cyclodextrine a été étudiée en solution et à la surface d’électrodes.L'influence de la β-cyclodextrine en solution aqueuse sur le comportement électrochimique de certaines substances pharmaceutiques (l’acide ascorbique, l'acide urique, la caféine, la théophylline, l'aminophylline et l'acétaminophène) a été étudiée en utilisant des méthodes électrochimiques et spectrales, mettant en évidence la formation de complexes d'inclusion.Diverses techniques ont été utilisées pour la modification des électrodes avec β-cyclodextrine: l'incorporation de la β-cyclodextrine dans la pâte de carbone et le piégeage dans des films polymères de polyéthylèneimine. Ces capteurs ont permis la détermination simultanée de l'acide ascorbique et de l'acide urique. Les électrodes modifiées ont été aussi appliquées pour le dosage de l'acide ascorbique dans deux produits pharmaceutiques et pour l’évaluation quantitative de l'acide ascorbique et de l'acide urique dans l’urine humaine avec de bonnes performances.Deux types de biocapteurs basés sur une nouvelle nanostructure de graphène ont été élaborés avec de l'oxyde réduit de graphène, de β-cyclodextrine et de tyrosinase en utilisant la méthode couche par couche et l’électropolymérisation. Les nouveaux nanocomposites ont été caractérisés par des techniques spectrales, microscopiques et électrochimiques. Les biocapteurs optimisés ont été appliquées avec succès pour la détermination du catéchol et de la dopamine dans des produits pharmaceutiques et des échantillons biologiques avec une bonne récupération.La solubilisation dans l'eau de certains nouveaux fluorophores (quatre nouvelles tétrazines) en utilisant la -cyclodextrine et de nanoparticules d'or modifiées avec β-cyclodextrine a été signalée. Les assemblages supramoléculaires redox ont été caractérisés dans l'eau par analyses électrochimiques et de fluorescence. L'immobilisation de tétrazines sur différents types d'électrodes modifiées par polypyrrole-cyclodextrine a été également réalisée et examinée par techniques électrochimiques, spectroscopiques et microscopiques.Une autre contribution originale est la combinaison de la lithographie avec de nanosphères utilisant des billes de latex avec différents diamètres (900 et 100 nm), avec l’électropolymérisation du monomère pyrrole-Ru(II). Des micro et nanostructures très organisées ont été réalisées en présentant de meilleures6propriétés pour le film photosensible de poly [Ru(II)-pyrrole]. Par ailleurs, le film de poly [Ru(II)-pyrrole] a été modifié avec d'autres types de dérivés de pyrrole qui présentent de propriétés de complexation utiles pour l’immobilisation des biomolécules à la surface de l'électrode

Carbon Nanotubes for Improved Performances of Endodontic Sealer

In order to overcome the limitations of current endodontic sealers, especially against resistant bacteria, recent developments in the field of nanotechnology have proved the necessity to reconsider the composition and physico-chemical properties of classical sealers. Nanoparticles with their unique features in terms of small size and high specific surface area, are the best choice for incorporation of antiseptic agents and effective delivery. The aim of our study is to prepare a novel platform for antibacterial drug delivery in dental adhesive systems used in endodontics. For this purpose, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) encapsulating chlorhexidine (CHX) and colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared and incorporated into commercial sealer and investigated in terms of bonding performance to dentin and effectiveness against E. faecalis, S. aureus and Candida albicans, which are responsible for the majority of the failures in endodontic treatments. In this context, the challenges related to the long-term biological effects of CHX/AgNPs loaded MWCNTs are discussed

Evolution of Diagnostic Methods for Helicobacter pylori Infections: From Traditional Tests to High Technology, Advanced Sensitivity and Discrimination Tools

Rapid diagnosis and treatment application in the early stages of H. pylori infection plays an important part in inhibiting the transmission of this infection as this bacterium is involved in various gastric pathologies such as gastritis, gastro-duodenal ulcer, and even gastric neoplasia. This review is devoted to a quick overview of conventional and advanced detection techniques successfully applied to the detection of H. pylori in the context of a compelling need to upgrade the standards of the diagnostic methods which are currently being used. Selecting the best diagnostic method implies evaluating different features, the use of one or another test depending on accessibility, laboratories equipment, and the clinical conditions of patients. This paper aims to expose the diagnosis methods for H. pylori that are currently available, highlighting their assets and limitations. The perspectives and the advantages of nanotechnology along with the concept of nano(bio)sensors and the development of lab-on-chip devices as advanced tools for H. pylori detection, differentiation, and discrimination is also presented, by emphasizing multiple advantages: simple, fast, cost-effective, portable, miniaturized, small volume of samples required, highly sensitive, and selective. It is generally accepted that the development of intelligent sensors will completely revolutionize the acquisition procedure and medical decision in the framework of smart healthcare monitoring systems

GREEN BIOSYNTHESIS SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING LEAF EXTRACT

Using plant extract to synthesize silver nanoparticles is particularly worth of attention due to the simple, quick, affordable and friendly protocol with the environment. In our experiment, we have proved both the ability of common species (Mentha aquatic, Coleus blumei and Tagetes erecta) of achieving the synthesis of nanoparticles with a diameter between 8 and 300 nm, and the anti-bacterian effects of the obtained nano-silver

Electrochemical nanopatterning of an electrogenerated photosensitive poly-[trisbipyridinyl-pyrrole ruthenium(II)] metallopolymer by nanosphere lithography

International audienc

Novel Liposomal Formulation with Azelaic Acid: Preparation, Characterization, and Evaluation of Biological Properties

Azelaic acid (AA), as a natural product, was proven to be effective in targeting multiple causes of acne and related dermatological conditions, as it is well tolerated using different classical formulations (gel, cream, etc.). However, its limited aqueous solubility and inadequate penetration across the stratum corneum might be related to different possible side effects such as itching and burning. The aim of our work was to elaborate a novel liposomal formulation based on azelaic acid, with enhanced biocompatibility, bio-availability, antimicrobial, antigenotoxic, and anti-inflammatory properties. The liposomal formulations were prepared by the lipid film hydration method with different concentrations of azelaic acid (15%, 20%, 25%) and characterized in terms of morphological features, physico-chemical properties, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and in vitro wound healing effect. Successful encapsulation with 80.42% efficiency, with a size of up to 500 nm and good stability, was achieved, as demonstrated by FTIR spectroscopy (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), DLS (dynamic light scattering), and zeta-potential measurements. In terms of antibacterial activity, all the liposomal formulations exhibited a better effect compared to free AA solution against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Cytotoxicity assays and an in vitro “scratch” test performed with normal human dermal fibroblasts revealed an accelerating healing effect, while a comet assay evidenced the protective effect of AA liposomal formulations against hydrogen-peroxide-induced DNA damage in fibroblasts. The optimum formulation in terms of both the antimicrobial and wound healing effect was AALipo20% (liposomes with 20% azelaic acid included)

Novel Liposomal Formulation with Azelaic Acid: Preparation, Characterization, and Evaluation of Biological Properties

Azelaic acid (AA), as a natural product, was proven to be effective in targeting multiple causes of acne and related dermatological conditions, as it is well tolerated using different classical formulations (gel, cream, etc.). However, its limited aqueous solubility and inadequate penetration across the stratum corneum might be related to different possible side effects such as itching and burning. The aim of our work was to elaborate a novel liposomal formulation based on azelaic acid, with enhanced biocompatibility, bio-availability, antimicrobial, antigenotoxic, and anti-inflammatory properties. The liposomal formulations were prepared by the lipid film hydration method with different concentrations of azelaic acid (15%, 20%, 25%) and characterized in terms of morphological features, physico-chemical properties, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and in vitro wound healing effect. Successful encapsulation with 80.42% efficiency, with a size of up to 500 nm and good stability, was achieved, as demonstrated by FTIR spectroscopy (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), DLS (dynamic light scattering), and zeta-potential measurements. In terms of antibacterial activity, all the liposomal formulations exhibited a better effect compared to free AA solution against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Cytotoxicity assays and an in vitro “scratch” test performed with normal human dermal fibroblasts revealed an accelerating healing effect, while a comet assay evidenced the protective effect of AA liposomal formulations against hydrogen-peroxide-induced DNA damage in fibroblasts. The optimum formulation in terms of both the antimicrobial and wound healing effect was AALipo20% (liposomes with 20% azelaic acid included)

Preparation and Characterization of Two Different Liposomal Formulations with Bioactive Natural Extract for Multiple Applications

Liposomes continue to attract great interest due to their increased bioavailability in the body and because the substances encapsulated are protected while maintaining their effectiveness. The aim of this study is to obtain “giant” liposomes by lipid film hydration using a preparation formula with two different phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylserine (PS). Firstly, the macro- and microscopic characterization, total phenols content and antioxidant capacity of the plant Stellaria media (L.) Vill. were assessed. Then, Stellaria media (L.) Vill. extract was encapsulated in both formulations (PCE and PSE) and the liposomes were characterized according to their morphology, size distribution and Zeta potential using optical microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The encapsulation efficiency (EE%) was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method and the values of both formulations were compared. PC and PCE liposomes with a diameter between 712 and 1000 nm and PS and PSE liposomes with a diameter between 58 and 1000 nm were obtained. The values EE% of Stellaria media (L.) Vill. extract for PCE and PSE were 92.09% and 84.25%, respectively

POXC Laccase from Pleurotus ostreatus: A High-Performance Multicopper Enzymefor Direct Oxygen Reduction Reaction Operatingin a Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

International audienceIn this work, POXC, a laccase from Pleurotus ostreatus, was immobilized on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) modified by electrografting anthraquinone and naphthoate diazonium salts. Thanks to a favorable interaction between laccase and covalently modified CNTs, this laccase exhibits high‐potential/high‐current oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performances, surpassing the performances of the well‐known laccase from Trametes versicolor (TvLAC) immobilized on the same nanostructured electrodes. Furthermore, immobilized POXC demonstrates high ORR activity over a wide range of pH (2 to 8), being also highly active at a gas‐diffusion electrode. Finally, owing to these unique performances, this enzyme was able to operate at the interface of the microporous layer, humidified air and a polymer electrolyte, that is, Nafion®, in a conventional H2/air proton‐exchange membrane fuel