Environmental Pollution from Waste of Dental Amalgam Material

Amalgam is the main material used in the dental filling. It consists of mercury, silver, tin, and copper. Approximately 50% of amalgam is mercury by weight, a toxic substance that represents a global threat to human and environmental health. Due to neurotoxic effect of mercury on children, some EU countries have banned the use of amalgam in children and pregnant women. In Republic of Kosova over 80% of dentists use amalgam as the main dental filling especially in children and elderly people. Based on our research, dental waste management does not function properly and there is a lack of best management practices in regard to handling and disposing of amalgam as hazardous wastes by dental clinics and laboratories. In most cases, amalgam wastes are thrown into the regular trash, discharged in public sewer or mixed along with other biomedical wastes destined for incineration. An ISO 11143 certified amalgam separator system that ensures efficient separation of mercury amalgam waste is far from practicing. Toxic chemicals released by dental clinics may be minimal but their continuous discharge in nature lead to elevation, persistence and bioaccumulation of toxic heavy metals causing a serious menace to environmental health. Our first assessment provided important information on making a national plan that stipulates adequate management from handling to the disposing of mercury hazardous waste in a qualified landfill. Without clear regulation and enforcement, reducing the potential effects of environmental contamination will not happen

Ligand exchange reaction on Au38(SR)24,separation of Au38(SR)23(SR')1 Regioisomers and migration of thiolates.

International audienc

Ribosomopathies and cancer: pharmacological implications

Introduction: The ribosome is a ribonucleoprotein organelle responsible for protein synthesis, and its biogenesis is a highly coordinated process that involves many macromolecular components. Any acquired or inherited impairment in ribosome biogenesis or ribosomopathies is associated with the development of different cancers and rare genetic diseases. Interference with multiple steps of protein synthesis has been shown to promote tumor cell death. Areas covered: We discuss the current insights about impaired ribosome biogenesis and their secondary consequences on protein synthesis, transcriptional and translational responses, proteotoxic stress, and other metabolic pathways associated with cancer and rare diseases. Studies investigating the modulation of different therapeutic chemical entities targeting cancer in in vitro and in vivo models have also been detailed. Expert opinion: Despite the association between inherited mutations affecting ribosome biogenesis and cancer biology, the development of therapeutics targeting the essential cellular machinery has only started to emerge. New chemical entities should be designed to modulate different checkpoints (translating oncoproteins, dysregulation of specific ribosome-assembly machinery, ribosomal stress, and rewiring ribosomal functions). Although safe and effective therapies are lacking, consideration should also be given to using existing drugs alone or in combination for long-term safety, with known risks for feasibility in clinical trials and synergistic effects