КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНЫЙ ПОДХОД В ОЦЕНКЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОЙ ОРИЕНТАЦИИ

In the course of the study it was formed a scientifically based concept of an objective assessment of human spatial orientation during performing of complex locomotion. This approach is to perform remote monitoring of cyclic locomotion of step motion «walking on the spot» in terms of the surrounding space. During the test is carried out the spectral evaluation of the acceleration values of the lower extremities in the band from 1 to 10 Hz. It was found that the frequency spectrum reflects the processes of qualitative implementation of spatial orientation. This indicator can be used to objectively assess bio-kinematic stabilize the body in space. The developed technology is innovative and can be used as a rapid method for diagnostic motor and coordinative disorders of various origins.Сформирована научно обоснованная концепция объективной оценки процесса пространственной ориентации человека при выполнении сложной локомоции, заключающаяся в выполнении дистанционного мониторинга циклической локомоции шагового движения «ходьба на месте» со спектральной оценкой полученных значений ускорений нижних конечностей в полосе от 1 до 10 Гц

АДАПТИВНАЯ КИНЕЗИТЕРАПИЯ: ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ ИННОВАЦИИ

To implement adaptive kinezitherapy as a new direction of reconstructive therapy of motor and coordination disorders was developed a robotic kinezisimulator. The principle of operation of the device is based on a patented «double layer exoskeleton» technology. Kinezisimulator includes a controlled movable inner frame. This element is kinematically connected to an external hard stationary frame. The frame is designed as a frame construction bulk. The shape and dimensions of the frame defined by the space necessary to change the position of the inner parts of orthopedic units.Для реализации адаптивной кинезитерапии нового направления восстановительной терапии двигательных и координаторных нарушений, разработан роботизированный кинезитренажер. Принцип работы устройства основан на использовании запатентованной технологии «двухслойного экзоскелета». В конструкции кинезитренажера имеется управляемый подвижный внутренний каркас, который кинематически связан с внешним жестким стационарным каркасом, выполненным в виде объемной рамной конструкции, определяющей пространство для изменения положения ортопедических модулей внутренней конструкции

Internal scheme of the body assessment in an experiment with environmental uncertainty

The aim of the work was to analyze the influence of various environmental factors forming environmental uncertainty on the nature of the transformation of the "internal scheme of the body". Materials and methods. For the study, a group of healthy volunteers (n = 90) was selected. The results in this paper are median, 75 and 25 percentiles (Me [UQ / LQ]). The study was conducted in several stages. At the first stage, the criteria for excluding potential participants from the experiment were formed. At the second stage of the study, a video analysis of the main anatomical orientations of the pelvic region in static and dynamic samples was conducted for all participants. Conclusion. In the course of the study, specific patterns of spatial deviations of biomechanical blocks of the pelvic region were established, triggered by changes in the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the external environment. So, in conditions of static equilibrium, coordination is activated with involvement of the anterior and posterior half-rings of the pelvis (frontal biomechanical blocks); in conditions of dynamic equilibrium, diagonal biomechanical blocks of the pelvic region are activated; in conditions of deprivation of visual afferentation, the compensatory reactions of the lateral semirings of the pelvic region (lateral biomechanical blocks) are formed

ВЛИЯНИЕ РЕКОМБИНАНТНОГО ЛАКТОФЕРРИНА ЧЕЛОВЕКА НА УРОВЕНЬ ПОЛОВЫХ ГОРМОНОВ У САМЦОВ КРЫС РАЗНОГО ВОЗРАСТА

A systemic administration of human recombinant lactoferrin to male rats caused an increase in a total testosterone level by 200 % in blood serum, the estradiol concentration decreased significantly by 16.7 %. Upon completion of administration, testosterone was still increased (p < 0.05) for 7 weeks, gradually returning to the control group values without inhibition of endogenous testosterone synthesis. In contrast, the level of estradiol returned to control values. Our study of the rat model of age-related hypogonadism revealed that a systemic per os administration of human recombinant lactoferrin to experimental animals had a significant stimulatory effect on testosterone biosynthesis in 2-yearolds, restoring it to the level of physiological values in young rats. Системное введение рекомбинантного лактоферрина человека молодым (2 мес.) крысам-самцам вызывало увеличение уровня общего тестостерона в сыворотке крови на 200%. После завершения курсового введения содержание тестостерона оставалось повышенным (р < 0,05) в течение семи недель, постепенно возвращаясь до значений контрольной группы без угнетения биосинтеза эндогенного тестостерона. В модели возрастного гипогонадизма системное влияние per os рекомбинантного лактоферрина человека экспериментальным животным оказывало значительное стимулирующее действие на биосинтез тестостерона у 2-летних особей, нормализируя его уровень до физиологических значений молодых крыс.

Феноменология инерциальной кинематики в структуре формирования двигательных адаптаций

The aim of the study was to develop a methodology for assessing the state of motor adaptation at the level of the main joint elements of the locomotor system when performing postural deviations with inertial components in a group of healthy volunteers (n=24). To conduct the study we used the “Teslasuit” smart suit as a technology with a system of inertial measuring units. A virtual skeletal model of the subject’s body was reconstructed on the obtained quaternions for each direction of spatial displacement. Parameters of inertial kinematic were calculated by the Fast Fourier Transform in the frequency bands of 0.1–5, 6–10, and 11–15 Hz. To assess motor adaptive reactions, we developed the following tests: ventrodorsal displacement test; laterolateral displacement test; linear displacement test in vertical direction; axial rotation test around vertical. All test tasks were performed using biofeedback as a virtual reality environment. The study revealed the presence of universal motor adaptation mechanisms with activation of the components of axial rotation of the trunk and axial rotation and flexion of the leading shoulder joint. At the same time, a dynamic phase of postural regulation during axial rotations and tilts of the body leads to the activation of motor adaptation mechanisms from the leading hip, knee, and ankle joints, while axial movements form a picture of the kinematic stabilization of these locomotor system elements.Целью исследования являлась разработка методики оценки состояния двигательной адаптации на уровне основных суставных элементов локомоторной системы при выполнении постуральных девиаций с инерциальными компонентами в группе здоровых добровольцев (n=24). Для проведения исследования использовалась технология «умного» костюма «Teslasuit» с системой инерциальных измерительных сенсоров. На основе полученных кватернионов выполнялась реконструкция виртуальной скелетной модели тела испытуемого с последующим расчетом угловых ускорений для каждого направления пространственного перемещения с последующим частотным преобразованием и выделением показателей инерциальной кинематики в частотных полосах 0,1–5, 6–10 и 11–15 Гц. Для оценки двигательных адаптивных реакций были разработаны тестовые задания: тест латеро-латеральных девиаций, тест вентро-дорзальных девиаций, тест аксиальных ротаций вокруг вертикали, тест линейных перемещений по вертикали. Все тестовые задания выполнялись с применением биологически-обратной связи. Проведенное исследование выявило наличие универсальных механизмов регуляции двигательной адаптации с активацией компонентов осевых ротаций туловища и осевых ротаций и сгибаний ведущего плечевого сустава. Вместе с этим обеспечение динамической фазы постуральной регуляции при осевых ротациях и наклонах туловища приводит к активации механизмов двигательной адаптации со стороны ведущего тазобедренного, коленного и голеностопного суставов, при этом аксиальные перемещения формируют картину кинематической стабилизации данных элементов локомоторной системы

T Cell-Dependence of Lassa Fever Pathogenesis

Lassa virus (LASV), the causative agent of Lassa fever (LF), is endemic in West Africa, accounting for substantial morbidity and mortality. In spite of ongoing research efforts, LF pathogenesis and mechanisms of LASV immune control remain poorly understood. While normal laboratory mice are resistant to LASV, we report that mice expressing humanized instead of murine MHC class I (MHC-I) failed to control LASV infection and develop severe LF. Infection of MHC-I knockout mice confirmed a key role for MHC-I-restricted T cell responses in controlling LASV. Intriguingly we found that T cell depletion in LASV-infected HHD mice prevented disease, irrespective of high-level viremia. Widespread activation of monocyte/macrophage lineage cells, manifest through inducible NO synthase expression, and elevated IL-12p40 serum levels indicated a systemic inflammatory condition. The absence of extensive monocyte/macrophage activation in T cell-depleted mice suggested that T cell responses contribute to deleterious innate inflammatory reactions and LF pathogenesis. Our observations in mice indicate a dual role for T cells, not only protecting from LASV, but also enhancing LF pathogenesis. The possibility of T cell-driven enhancement and immunopathogenesis should be given consideration in future LF vaccine development

Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Lactoferrin Adsorbed on Silvered Porous Silicon Covered with Graphene

We registered surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of the human lactoferrin molecules adsorbed on a silvered porous silicon (por-Si) from 106–1018 M solutions. It was found that the por-Si template causes a negative surface potential of silver particles and their chemical resistivity to oxidation. These properties provided to attract positively charged lactoferrin molecules and prevent their interaction with metallic particles upon 473 nm laser excitation. The SERS spectra of lactoferrin adsorbed from 106 M solution were rather weak but a decrease of the concentration to 10-10 M led to an enormous growth of the SERS signal. This effect took place as oligomers of lactoferrin were broken down to monomeric units while its concentration was reduced. Oligomers are too large for a uniform overlap with electromagnetic field from silver particles. They cannot provide an intensive SERS signal from the top part of the molecules in contrast to monomers that can be completely covered by the electromagnetic field. The SERS spectra of lactoferrin at the 10-14 and 10-16 M concentrations were less intensive and started to change due to increasing contribution from the laser burned molecules. To prevent overheating the analyte molecules on the silvered por-Si were protected with graphene, which allowed the detection of lactoferrin adsorbed from the 10-18 M solution

Tacaribe Virus but Not Junin Virus Infection Induces Cytokine Release from Primary Human Monocytes and Macrophages

The mechanisms underlying the development of disease during arenavirus infection are poorly understood. However, common to all hemorrhagic fever diseases is the involvement of macrophages as primary target cells, suggesting that the immune response in these cells may be of paramount importance during infection. Thus, in order to identify features of the immune response that contribute to arenavirus pathogenesis, we have examined the growth kinetics and cytokine profiles of two closely related New World arenaviruses, the apathogenic Tacaribe virus (TCRV) and the hemorrhagic fever-causing Junin virus (JUNV), in primary human monocytes and macrophages. Both viruses grew robustly in VeroE6 cells; however, TCRV titres were decreased by approximately 10 fold compared to JUNV in both monocytes and macrophages. Infection of both monocytes and macrophages with TCRV also resulted in the release of high levels of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α, while levels of IFN-α, IFN-β and IL-12 were not affected. However, we could show that the presence of these cytokines had no direct effect on growth of either TCRV of JUNV in macrophages. Further analysis also showed that while the production of IL-6 and IL-10 are dependent on viral replication, production of TNF-α also occurs after exposure to UV-inactivated TCRV particles and is thus independent of productive virus infection. Surprisingly, JUNV infection did not have an effect on any of the cytokines examined indicating that, in contrast to other viral hemorrhagic fever viruses, macrophage-derived cytokine production is unlikely to play an active role in contributing to the cytokine dysregulation observed in JUNV infected patients. Rather, these results suggest that an early, controlled immune response by infected macrophages may be critical for the successful control of infection of apathogenic viruses and prevention of subsequent disease, including systemic cytokine dysregulation

2021 taxonomic update for phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales

peer reviewedIn March 2021, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and mended. The phylum was expanded by four families (Aliusviridae, Crepuscuviridae, yriaviridae, and Natareviridae), three subfamilies (Alpharhabdovirinae, Betarhabdovirinae, and ammarhabdovirinae), 42 genera, and 200 species. Thirty-nine species were renamed and/ or moved and seven species were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV

2020 taxonomic update for phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales

In March 2020, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. At the genus rank, 20 new genera were added, two were deleted, one was moved, and three were renamed. At the species rank, 160 species were added, four were deleted, ten were moved and renamed, and 30 species were renamed. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV. © 2020, This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply