On the Anomalous Scaling Exponents in Nonlinear Models of Turbulence

We propose a new approach to the old-standing problem of the anomaly of the scaling exponents of nonlinear models of turbulence. We achieve this by constructing, for any given nonlinear model, a linear model of passive advection of an auxiliary field whose anomalous scaling exponents are the same as the scaling exponents of the nonlinear problem. The statistics of the auxiliary linear model are dominated by `Statistically Preserved Structures' which are associated with exact conservation laws. The latter can be used for example to determine the value of the anomalous scaling exponent of the second order structure function. The approach is equally applicable to shell models and to the Navier-Stokes equations.Comment: revised version with new data on Navier-Stokes eq

The thermodynamics and roughening of solid-solid interfaces

The dynamics of sharp interfaces separating two non-hydrostatically stressed solids is analyzed using the idea that the rate of mass transport across the interface is proportional to the thermodynamic potential difference across the interface. The solids are allowed to exchange mass by transforming one solid into the other, thermodynamic relations for the transformation of a mass element are derived and a linear stability analysis of the interface is carried out. The stability is shown to depend on the order of the phase transition occurring at the interface. Numerical simulations are performed in the non-linear regime to investigate the evolution and roughening of the interface. It is shown that even small contrasts in the referential densities of the solids may lead to the formation of finger like structures aligned with the principal direction of the far field stress.Comment: (24 pages, 8 figures; V2: added figures, text revisions

Stimmung, Arte Ambiental e corpo político em Hélio Oiticica

Este breve ensaio tensiona o conceito de Stimmung (atmosfera) de Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht e as leituras de ambiência na Arte Ambiental de Hélio Oiticica. Parte-se do conceito de Stimmung e suas nuances de significados; em seguida, investiga-se como o conceito de arte ambiental se constitui na perspectiva do artista brasileiro, utilizando como fontes dessa investigação suas obras e textos e também escritos de Mário Pedrosa. Analisa-se o Parangolé e os Bólides indicando como a proposta ambiental de Oiticica constrói uma leitura política do corpo atravessada por seus significados sociais e suas afecções

Agri-environmental diversification: Linking environmental, forestry and renewable energy engagement on Scottish farms

AbstractIn this paper we broaden the debate on agri-environmental scheme participation to include farm woodland expansion and renewable energy production, developing a conceptualisation of ‘agri-environmental diversification’. Utilising structural equation modelling, we assess a telephone survey of 2416 Scottish farmers, undertaken in 2013. Findings demonstrate the path dependencies of farming participants, with those already engaged in each of these activities the most likely to plan to be involved in future. Similar factors have influenced the uptake of all three activities since 2005, and intention to increase involvement by 2020. Farmers who are: younger, better educated, information-seeking, certified as organic, receive subsidies, have non-farming income and plan to continue farming in the medium term, are more likely to plan for future engagement in the three activities. Environmental attitudes are also important, but a stronger relationship was found between observation of environmental gains from agri-environmental schemes and the three forms of agri-environmental diversification, suggesting that scheme involvement enables farmers to learn to produce, recognise and value environmental goods. We argue that when assessed within the broader perspective of agri-environmental diversification, agri-environmental scheme participation may represent an initial step on a farming trajectory that involves multiple forms of agri-environmental engagement

Pharmacological characterisation of arthritis induced by Bothrops jararaca venom in rabbits: a positive cross talk between bradykinin, nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2.

BACKGROUND: Our previous results showed that nitric oxide (NO) and bradykinin (BK) mediate the arthritis induced by Bothrops jararaca venom (BjV) in rabbits. In this study, we investigated the contribution of each receptor of BK as well as the inter-relationship between NO and eicosanoids in BjV-induced arthritis. METHODS: The arthritis was induced in rabbits with 16 microg of BjV injected intra-articularly. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), thromboxane B2 (TxB2), leukotriene B4 (LTB4) (radioimmunoassay) and nitrite/nitrate concentrations (NO2/NO3) (Griess reaction) were evaluated in the synovial fluid 4 h later. The animals were prior treated with NO synthase inhibitor (L-NAME; 20 mg/kg/day for 14 days), the B2 antagonist of BK (HOE-140) and the B1 antagonist of BK (des-Arg9[Leu8]-bradykinin), both at a dose of 0.3mg/kg, 30 min prior to the venom injection. RESULTS: Data show that L-NAME and HOE-140 treatment were equally able to reduce PGE2 and NO2/NO3 levels without interfering with TxB2 and LTB4 production. On the contrary, the B1 antagonist of BK inhibited TxB2 and LTB4 production, and did not alter PGE2 and NO metabolites levels in the inflamed joint. DISCUSSIONS: The results presented clarify the contribution of the kinin system, mainly through the B2 receptor, to the local inflammatory response induced by BjV, as well as its positive interaction with PGE2 and NO production

Desenvolvimento da ecotecnologia dos wetlands constru?dos aplicados para o tratamento descentralizado de efluentes nos ?ltimos 30 anos

The different active elements in the process of treatment on wetlands ecotechnology, such as the sizing and operating criteria (organic load, add rate, hydraulic loading rate, among others), the wetland mode, the filter media composition and the macrophytes used, present particular characteristics subject to the location of the project and/or its application. The significant variability in the parameters data mentioned above makes it difficult to compare and standardize. Because of that, in Brazil there are no regulatory standards for construction, operation and maintenance for this technology. This paper compiles the compilation of 274 scientific articles from indexed journals (impact factor > 1.0), in order to map and discuss the advances of this treatment model, with the general aim of evaluating the performance of the application of different constructed wetland types (WC) under the context of decentralized sewage over a period of 30 years (1980 to 2018). Therefore, a systematic review was carried out with stratified analysis of scientific articles in indexed journals, two international platforms: Scopus and Science Direct, because they contain the largest number of studies addressing wetlands. From this, the keyword "wetlands" was determined to select the articles and the downloads of 391 scientific articles (Scopus) and 694 scientific articles (Science Direct) were carried out. After that, a stratified sampling was performed by means of which the analysis of 25 % was determined, resulting in 100 (Scopus) and 174 (Science Direct) articles, totalizing in 274 scientific articles. Subsequently, the topics were established to the systematic review, being these: reference; data base; country; technological arrangement; WC mode; filter material; macrophyte; hydraulic system; volume; treated effluent; applied organic load (in terms of COD and BOD); hydraulic application rate; total nitrogen load; affluent C/N ratio; removal of pollutants; general objective of the research; and analytical technique employed (ATE). From the analysis of these parameters it was possible to explain the main agents in order to evaluate the performance of the different WC modalities in the period from 1980 to 2018 under the context of decentralized sewage. The results showed that during the three decades, the evolution of the application of different modalities of wetlands presented a tendency to decrease the use of WN (natural wetlands) and greater use of WC. From the mid-1990s onwards, a trend towards demand for WC evolution of surface flow (WCFS) and subsurface (WCFSS). There was a gradual increase of studies with the use of horizontal WC (WCH), vertical descendent WC (WCVD), vertical ascendent WC (WCVA), hybrid system (WCVD - WCH) and saturated vertical WC (WCV - FS). The WCH as post-treatment of wastewater was the most used technological arrangement over the evaluated period, making a total of 97 studies, followed by WCFS (70 articles), WCVD (58 articles), WC (42 articles) and WN (36 articles), with respective numbers of scientific articles. The most studied types of effluents addressed in the studies were: household or sanitary effluents (105 articles), effluents from agroindustry activities (61 articles), industrial sewage (59 articles), surface water (41 articles) and synthetic effluent (25 articles). The most used macrophytes in the different WC modalities were those of the genus Phragmites spp. (110 articles), Typha spp. (86 articles), Scirpus spp. (24 articles), Cyperus spp. (22 articles), Juncus spp. (19 articles), Schoenoplectus spp. (15 articles), Carex spp. (13 articles), Pontederia spp. (10 articles), Iris spp. (10 articles) e Canna spp. (10 articles). The types of filtering masses most used were: gravel (130 articles), sand (76 articles), clay (18 articles), soil (14 articles) and organic compounds (11 articles). The pollutants treated in the studies corresponded to nitrogen compounds (136 articles), organic matter (66 articles), phosphorus compounds (62 articles), metals (43 articles), solids series (42 articles) and agrochemicals (26 articles). It was also verified that most of the values adopted in the studies attributed the organic load in terms of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) ranging from 0.05 g BOD m-2 d-1 to 70,200 g BOD m-2 d-1 and from 0.07 g COD D m-2 d-1 to 50,000,000 g COD m-2 d-1. In relation to total nitrogen (TN) applied the values vary from 0.00196 g TN m-2 d-1 to 685,800 g TN m-2 d-1. The values of affluent hydraulic rate ranged from 0.003 mm d-1 to 25,920,000 mm d-1. In the case of the concentration of BOD, COD and TN the values varied from 0.483 mg BOD L-1 to 68,163.00 mg BOD L-1, from 0.0000207 mg COD L-1 to 57,934.80 mg COD L-1 and from 0.01 mg TN L-1 to 116912 mg TT L-1. These constituent elements and operational conditions were considered as promising alternatives for the maximization of performances of the different WC modalities in the treatment of different effluents.Na ecotecnologia de wetlands, os diferentes elementos atuantes no processo de tratamento, como os crit?rios de dimensionamento e opera??o (carga org?nica, regime de alimenta??o, taxa hidr?ulica, e outros), a modalidade de wetland, a composi??o do maci?o filtrante e as macr?fitas utilizadas, apresentam caracter?sticas particulares sujeito ? localiza??o do projeto e/ou sua aplica??o. A variabilidade significativa nos dados dos par?metros citados anteriormente dificulta uma an?lise comparativa e uma tend?ncia de padroniza??o. Em virtude disso, no Brasil n?o h? normas regulamentadoras de constru??o, opera??o e manuten??o para essa tecnologia. O presente trabalho re?ne a compila??o de 274 artigos cient?ficos de revistas indexadas (fator de impacto > 1,0), a fim de mapear e discutir os avan?os desse modelo de tratamento, com o objetivo geral de avaliar o desempenho da aplica??o de diferentes modalidades de wetlands constru?dos (WC) sob o contexto do saneamento descentralizado em um per?odo de 30 anos (1980 a 2018). Para tanto, realizou-se uma revis?o sistem?tica com an?lise estratificada de artigos cient?ficos em revistas indexadas, duas plataformas internacionais: Scopus e Science Direct, devido a estas conterem o maior n?mero de estudos que abordam a tem?tica de wetlands. A partir disto, determinou-se a palavra-chave ?wetlands? para selecionar os artigos e realizou-se os downloads de 391 artigos cient?ficos (Scopus) e 694 artigos cient?ficos (Science Direct). Em sequ?ncia, efetuou-se a amostragem estratificada, por meio da qual se determinou a an?lise de 25 %, resultando em 100 (Scopus) e 174 (Science Direct) artigos, totalizando em 274 artigos cient?ficos. A posteriori, estabeleceu-se os t?picos ? revis?o sistem?tica, sendo estes: refer?ncia; base de dados; pa?s; arranjo tecnol?gico; modalidade de WC; material filtrante; macr?fita; regime hidr?ulico; volume; efluente tratado; carga org?nica aplicada (em termos de DQO e DBO); taxa hidr?ulica; carga de nitrog?nio total; rela??o C/N afluente; remo??es de poluentes; objetivo geral da pesquisa; e t?cnica anal?tica empregada (TAE). A partir das an?lises destes par?metros foi poss?vel explicitar os principais agentes atuantes, a fim de, avaliar o desempenho da aplica??o das distintas modalidades de WC no per?odo de 1980 a 2018 sob o contexto do saneamento descentralizado. Os resultados mostraram que ao longo das tr?s d?cadas, a evolu??o da aplica??o de diferentes modalidades de wetlands apresentou uma tend?ncia de diminui??o da utiliza??o dos WN (wetlands naturais) e maior emprego dos WC. A partir da metade da d?cada de 1990, iniciou-se uma tend?ncia de procura ? evolu??o dos WC de fluxo superficial (WCFS) e subsuperficial (WCFSS). Observou-se um aumento gradativo de estudos com o emprego de WC horizontal (WCH), WC vertical descendente (WCVD), WC vertical ascendente (WCVA), sistema h?brido (WCVD ? WCH) e WC vertical de fundo saturado (WCV-FS). O WCH como p?s-tratamento de ?guas residu?rias foi o arranjo tecnol?gico mais empregado ao longo do per?odo avaliado perfazendo um total de 97 estudos, seguido de WCFS, WCVD, WC e WN, com respectivos n?meros de artigos cient?ficos, 70, 58, 42 e 36. Os tipos de efluentes tratados mais abordado nos estudos, foram: efluentes dom?sticos ou sanit?rios (105 artigos), efluentes de atividades agroindustriais (61 artigos), esgotos industriais (59 artigos), ?guas superficiais (41 artigos) e efluentes sint?ticos (25 artigos). As macr?fitas mais empregadas nas diferentes modalidades de WC foram as dos g?neros Phragmites spp. (110 artigos), Typha spp. (86 artigos), Scirpus spp. (24 artigos), Cyperus spp. (22 artigos), Juncus spp. (19 artigos), Schoenoplectus spp. (15 artigos), Carex spp. (13 artigos), Pontederia spp. (10 artigos), Iris spp. (10 artigos) e Canna spp. (10 artigos). Os tipos de maci?os filtrantes mais empregados foram: cascalho (130 artigos), areia (76 artigos), argila (18 artigos), solo (14 artigos) e compostos org?nicos (11 artigos). Os poluentes tratados nos estudos corresponderam a: compostos nitrogenados (136 artigos), mat?ria org?nica (66 artigos), compostos com f?sforo (62 artigos), metais (43 artigos), s?rie de s?lidos (42 artigos) e agrot?xicos (26 artigos). Verificou-se ainda, que a maioria dos valores adotados nos estudos atribuem o carregamento org?nico em termos de demanda bioqu?mica de oxig?nio (DBO) e demanda qu?mica de oxig?nio (DQO) variando de 0,05 g DBO m-2 d-1 a 70.200 g DBO m-2 d-1 e de 0,07 g DQO m-2 d-1 a 50.000.000 g DQO m-2 d-1. Com rela??o a carga de nitrog?nio total (NT) aplicada os valores variam de 0,00196 g NT m-2 d-1 a 685.800 g NT m-2 d-1. Os valores de taxa hidr?ulica afluente variaram de 0,003 mm d-1 a 25.920.000 mm d-1. No caso da concentra??o de DBO, DQO e NT os valores variaram de 0,483 mg DBO L-1 a 68163,00 mg DBO L-1, de 0,0000207 mg DQO L-1 a 57934,80 mg DQO L-1 e de 0,01 mg NT L-1 a 116912 mg NT L-1. Estes elementos constituintes e as condi??es operacionais foram consideradas como alternativas promissoras para a maximiza??o dos desempenhos das distintas modalidades de WC no tratamento de diferentes efluentes

PATRIMÔNIOS GOIANOS: INTERVALOS ENTRE A ROÇA E A CIDADE

Este trabalho se vincula à pesquisa de doutorado quevem sendo realizada em duas vilas rurais no interior deGoiás, Cibele e Caiçara. No que se alude à produçãoespacial, ambas estão influenciadas pelos aspectosda formação da Região do Mato Grosso Goiano que foiocupada por grandes investidores: “uma nova sociedaderural de fazendeiros e agricultores”, conforme confirmouestudo de Brandão (1985, p.86). Trata-se de uma áreacuja promessa de fertilidade estava amplamente difundidanos discursos dos governos federal e estadual e quepor tal fato atraiu grupamentos camponeses do Estadode Minas Gerais e do interior de Goiás, cujo processo demigração ocorreu ao longo das décadas de 1940, 1950e 1960. São populações de famílias de pequenos exproprietáriose de não-proprietários de terra, sendo portal fato “mais móveis”; gerações inteiras de agregadosde fazenda os quais viveram, durante toda a vida, comomeeiros e arrendatários. São comunidades guardadorasde saberes que sobejam elementos míticos da fertilidade/fartura/fortuna camponesas, escassos, em constantecontradição. Assim, ficam a meio do caminho de um processoque se realiza mas que não extingue as possibilidadesde recriação do modo de vida camponês

Arbitragem e outros temas de direito privado: estudos jurídicos em homenagem a José Emilio Nunes Pinto

- Divulgação dos SUMÁRIOS das obras recentemente incorporadas ao acervo da Biblioteca Ministro Oscar Saraiva do STJ. Em respeito à Lei de Direitos Autorais, não disponibilizamos a obra na íntegra.- Localização na estante: 347.918(81) A664o- Coordenado por: Ana Luiza B. M. Pinto Moreira e Renato Berger