ESTUDO SISTEMATIZADO DAS CONSEQÜÊNCIAS DA URBANIZAÇÃO ACELERADA EM TORNO DA LAGOA DOS POTIGUARES – NATAL/RN

Natural Landscape System of Natal, wo uld be used for the reception of rainy waters, however it was transformed in a dejections and sewers reception area, contradicting the environmental legislation. The study systematized manifests the standard levels of pollution and invasion provoked by the disordered growth of the city. These pollution and invasion levels contemplating the process of environmental degradation, starting with factors that justify some political decisions. The research was developed in an approach systemic, based in data collected in municipal and state public departments, besides photographic register and aerophotos. It was verified that the pollution levels and invasion in the lake area are caused by the disordered growth of the city. The absence of urban planning in occupation of the area around of the lake had as consequence the impermeability due by accumulation of the solid residues, taking the population to live together with the frequent floods in the adjacent area, besides the indispositions caused by the bad smell and vectors of diseases originating from of the pollution of the lake ambient, what minimizes the quality of the community's life. Key words: basic sanitation, environmental impact, hydric resources, urbanization, systemic model, public health.A Lagoa dos Potiguares, situada em Natal (RN), como a maioria das que compõem o Sistema Paisagístico Natural de Natal, seria utilizada para a captação de águas pluviais, no entanto, foi transformada em uma área de captação de dejetos e esgotos, contrariando a legislação ambiental. O estudo sistematizado da área apresenta níveis padrão de poluição e invasão lagunar provocados pelo crescimento desordenado da cidade, que vêm refletindo no processo de degradação ecoambiental, a partir de fatores que justificam algumas tomadas de decisões políticas. A pesquisa realizou–se dentro de uma abordagem sistêmica, com base em dados coletados em órgãos públicos municipais e estaduais, registro fotográfico e fotografias aéreas. Verificou–se que os níveis de poluição e invasão lagunar existentes na área da lagoa são provocadas pelo crescimento desordenado da cidade. Constatou–se que a falta de um planejamento urbano na ocupação da área em torno da lagoa, teve como conseqüência a impermeabilização da mesma, devido ao acúmulo dos resíduos sólidos, levando a população a conviver com as freqüentes cheias na área circunvizinha, além dos incômodos causados pelo mau cheiro e vetores oriundos da poluição do ambiente lagunar, o que minimiza a qualidade de vida da comunidade. Palavras-chave: saneamento básico, impacto ambiental, recursos hídricos, urbanismo, modelo sistêmico, saúde pública

Genotyping and drug resistance patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains observed in a tuberculosis high-burden municipality in Northeast, Brazil

Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-19T13:49:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1914 bytes, checksum: 7d48279ffeed55da8dfe2f8e81f3b81f (MD5) philip_suffys_etal_IOC_2013.pdf: 899409 bytes, checksum: 7ea9b7f69c1019e6b25fff232fcdaed7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013Universidade Federal do Ceará. Escola de Medicina. Departamento de Patologia, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada a Micobactérias.. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Hospital de Messejana. Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Ceará. Escola de Medicina. Departamento de Saúde Comunitária. Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Ceará. Departamento de Geologia. Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Ceará. Escola de Medicina. Departamento de Patologia, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Ceará. Departamento de Estatística e Matemática Aplicada. Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Ceará. Escola de Medicina. Departamento de Patologia, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.OBJECTIVES: This study has used a combination of clinical information, spoligotyping, and georeferencing system to elucidate the genetic diversity of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates circulating in a TB-prevalent municipality of Northeast Brazil. METHODS: A total of 115 M. tuberculosis strains were isolated from pulmonary tuberculosis patients from January 2007 to March 2008 in Fortaleza. Drug susceptibility and spoligotyping assays were performed and place of residence of the patients were georeferenced. RESULTS: Of the M. tuberculosis strains studied, 51 (44.3%) isolates were resistant to at least one drug (R-TB) and 64 (55.7%) were sensitive to all the drugs tested (S-TB). A high frequency of resistance was found in previously treated cases (84%) and among new cases (16%; p < 0.001). a total of 74 (64%) isolates were grouped into 22 spoligotyped lineages, while 41 (36%) isolates were identified as new. among the predominant genotypes, 33% were latim american mediterranean (lam), 12% haarlem (h), and 5% u. there was no association of geographic distribution of rt-tb patients as compared to the controls and also the geographic location to the spoligotype patterns. the geospatial analysis revealed that 24 (23%) patients (hot spot zones) either shared the same residence or lived in a close neighborhood of a case. among these concentration zones, the patients lived in the same residence and shared a common genotype pattern and resistance pattern. DISCUSSION: it was observed that the spoligopatterns family distribution was similar to that reported for south america, prevailing the lam and h lineages. a high rate-case among the resistant TB group occurs as a result of transmitted and acquired resistance. A more effective surveillance program is needed in order to succeed in reducing tuberculosis in Northeast Brazil

Genotyping and drug resistance patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains observed in a tuberculosis high-burden municipality in Northeast, Brazil

OBJECTIVES: This study has used a combination of clinical information, spoligotyping, and georeferencing system to elucidate the genetic diversity of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates circulating in a TB-prevalent municipality of Northeast Brazil. METHODS: A total of 115 M. tuberculosis strains were isolated from pulmonary tuberculosis patients from January 2007 to March 2008 in Fortaleza. Drug susceptibility and spoligotyping assays were performed and place of residence of the patients were georeferenced. RESULTS: Of the M. tuberculosis strains studied, 51 (44.3%) isolates were resistant to at least one drug (R-TB) and 64 (55.7%) were sensitive to all the drugs tested (S-TB). A high frequency of resistance was found in previously treated cases (84%) and among new cases (16%; p < 0.001). a total of 74 (64%) isolates were grouped into 22 spoligotyped lineages, while 41 (36%) isolates were identified as new. among the predominant genotypes, 33% were latim american mediterranean (lam), 12% haarlem (h), and 5% u. there was no association of geographic distribution of rt-tb patients as compared to the controls and also the geographic location to the spoligotype patterns. the geospatial analysis revealed that 24 (23%) patients (hot spot zones) either shared the same residence or lived in a close neighborhood of a case. among these concentration zones, the patients lived in the same residence and shared a common genotype pattern and resistance pattern. DISCUSSION: it was observed that the spoligopatterns family distribution was similar to that reported for south america, prevailing the lam and h lineages. a high rate-case among the resistant TB group occurs as a result of transmitted and acquired resistance. A more effective surveillance program is needed in order to succeed in reducing tuberculosis in Northeast Brazil

Ultra-som pulsado de baixa intensidade em fraturas diafisárias: aplicação clínica em cães Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound in diaphyseal fractures: clinical application in dogs

Os efeitos da estimulação ultra-sônica sobre a consolidação óssea têm sido demonstrados por trabalhos experimentais e clínicos. Este estudo teve por objetivo investigar a aplicação clínica do ultra-som pulsado de baixa intensidade como tratamento adjuvante de fraturas diafisárias em cães. Foram utilizados 16 cães de raças variadas, com faixa etária entre sete meses e seis anos, peso corpóreo entre 2,5 e 43kg, portadores de fraturas diafisárias fechadas recentes localizadas no rádio e ulna, fêmur ou tíbia e fíbula, estabilizadas por procedimentos de osteossíntese (fixação esquelética externa, pinos intramedulares ou a associação desses métodos). Os cães foram divididos em dois grupos: fraturas estabilizadas tratadas por ultra-som de baixa intensidade (grupo tratado, n=8); fraturas estabilizadas, não tratadas por estimulação ultra-sônica, (grupo controle, n=8). Os animais foram avaliados por exames clínicos e radiográficos nos períodos pré-operatório, pós-operatório imediato e a cada 30 dias posteriores aos procedimentos cirúrgicos. Realizou-se tratamento com ultra-som pulsado (sinal senoidal com freqüência de 1,5MHz, largura de pulso de 200&micro;s e freqüência de repetição de 1kHz) de baixa intensidade (30mW cm-2), aplicado de modo estacionário no foco de fratura. A terapia ultra-sônica foi realizada 20 minutos por dia, durante 21 dias consecutivos, a partir do período compreendido entre o 1&deg; e o 9&deg; dia pós-operatório. O teste t de Student, empregado na análise estatística, mostrou diferença significante (P<0,001 e alfa=0,05) entre as médias dos parâmetros de tempo para consolidação óssea observadas nos animais dos grupos tratado (média de 67,5 dias) e controle (média de 106 dias). Este protocolo de estimulação ultra-sônica promoveu sinais clínicos e radiográficos acelerados da consolidação óssea nas fraturas tratadas. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que o ultra-som pulsado de baixa intensidade pode ser indicado como terapia adjuvante de fraturas diafisárias recentes em cães.<br>The effects of ultrasound stimulation on bone healing have been demonstrated in experimental and clinical studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical application of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound as an adjuvant for the treatment of diaphyseal fractures in dogs. Sixteen dogs of different breeds, ages ranging from seven months to six years, weighing from 2.5 to 43kg, were enrolled in the study. All dogs presented fresh closed diaphyseal fractures in the radius and ulna, femur or tibia and fibula stabilized with osteosynthesis techniques (intramedullary pinning, external skeletal fixation or the combination of both). The dogs were divided into two groups: stabilized fractures treated by low-intensity ultrasound (treatment group, n=8); stabilized fractures not treated by ultrasound stimulation (control group, n=8). The animals were assessed by means of clinical examination and radiographic studies in the preoperative period, immediate postoperative period, and every 30 days after the surgical procedures. The treatment was performed using stationary low-intensity (30mW cm-2) pulsed ultrasound (sine wave signal of 1.5MHz frequency, 200&micro;s pulse width and 1kHz repetition frequency) on the fracture site. Ultrasound therapy was carried out 20 minute per day, for 21 consecutive days, starting between the 1st and the 9th postoperative day. The Student’s t test was used for the statistical analysis and showed a significant difference (P<0.001 and alpha=0.05) between the mean time for bone healing of the animals in the treatment group (mean of 67.5 days) and that of animals in the control group (mean of 106 days). This protocol of ultrasound stimulation promoted clinical and radiographic signs of bone healing acceleration in the treated fractures. The results of this study suggest that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound may be indicated as an adjuvant therapy in fresh diaphyseal fractures in dogs