Construção de um instrumento para medida de satisfação no trabalho

O objetivo deste trabalho é a construção de um instrumento para medida da motivação no trabalho. A inspiração teórica para este empreendimento baseou-se, principalmente, nos conceitos de motivação de Maslow (1954), tendo em vista a grande aceitação desta teoria, tanto por parte de psicólogos organizacionais, como de administradores preocupados com o fator humano da empresa. Além disso, cabe ainda assinalar a inexistência de instrumentos de medida de motivação validados para o uso no Brasil

A Test of the Lauer-Postman Bulk Flow

We use Tully-Fisher distances for a sample of field late spiral galaxies to test the Lauer & Postman result suggestive of a bulk flow with respect to the cosmic microwave background reference frame, of amplitude of +689 km s-1 in the direction l = 343°, b = +52°. A total of 432 galaxies are used, subdivided between two cones, of 30° semiaperture each and pointed toward the apex and antapex of the LP motion, respectively. The peculiar velocities in the two data sets are inconsistent with a bulk flow of the amplitude claimed by Lauer & Postman. When combined in opposition, the peculiar velocity medians in shells of constant redshift width are never larger than half the amplitude of the Lauer & Postman bulk flow. Out to 5000 km s-1 the median bulk velocity in the Lauer & Postman apex-antapex cones is about 200 km s-1 or less, dropping to a value indistinguishable from zero beyond that distance. It can be excluded that field spiral galaxies within 8000 km s-1 partake of a bulk flow of the amplitude and direction reported by Lauer & Postman

Ingestive Behavior of Beef Cattle Fed Either Protein or Energy Supplements under a Rotational Grazing System

Eight Nellore bullocks were assigned to a Tanzânia grass pasture (Panicum maximum Jacq.) under a rotational grazing system, to evaluate the ingestive behavior under two different grazing residues. Stocking rate intensity was used to reach either 1000 kg DM.ha-1 (R1) or 4000 kg DM.ha-1 (R2) as residual targets. Three grazing days followed by 33 days resting period, composed a 36 day grazing cycle. Each grazing plot supported four animals, in a 4x4 Latin square design, within the following supplementation rates and sources: S1 = no supplement; S2 = 2,0 kg DM.day-1 coarsely ground corn - 8 mm sieve; S3 = 2,0 kg DM.day-1 steam flaked corn (360 g/L) and S4 = 0,7 kg DM.day-1 soybean meal. Grazing behavior measurements were taken every 15 days after 9 a day adaptation period, during two consecutive summer grazing cycles. Animal activities were recorded every 5 minutes during day time and 15 minutes during night time throughout a 24 hour period. Supplementation with S2 decreased (P \u3c 0,05) rumination time under a higher grazing residue (R2). Both grazing and rumination time were increased and led to a decreased resting time (P \u3c 0,05) in R2 animals compared with R1

Relation between TNF-alpha and exercise induced bronchoconstriction

Introduction: Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) describes an acute airway narrowing that occurs as a result of exercise. EIB is associated with a hyperosmolar environment that lead to airway smooth muscle contraction. The proinflammatory cytokine, TNF-alpha, has a prominent role in the development of airway hiperresponsiveness (AHR). A single bout of heavy exercise can trigger EIB. The aim of this research was to compare the response of TNF-alpha over time with the presence or absence of EIB in marathon runners. Methods: Thirty-eight male runners, who did not have any chronic or acute airway disease, performed maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a treadmill coupled to the gas analyzer (FitMate ™, Cosmed, Italy). Was used a ramp protocol with fixed slope of 1% and an increase of load (1km/h) every minute. Spirometry was performed before (pre), immediately after, five, ten, fifteen and twenty minutes after exercise stress testing. Were considered positive for BIE those athletes that presented a decrease in expiratory volume in one second greater than 10% in any of the spirometric tests. Blood samples were obtained the day before the marathon, immediately and after 72 hours after the race. Cytokines were determined in serum by ELISA. Was used analysis of variance (ANOVA) with two factors, group and time of blood collection, considering repeated measures on the time factor. In the case of statistical significance for interaction group and blood was concluded that the behavior over time was significantly different between EIB negative (-) and EIB positive (+), in this case applied the method of Tukey\u27s multiple comparisons to determine the moment that occurred these differences (p\u3c0.05). Results: We observed a statistically significant difference (p=0.048) in the behavior of the concentration of TNF-alpha between groups EIB- and EIB+. The measure pre of the EIB+ have an higher concentration of TNF-alpha compared to those obtained immediately after the marathon for EIB+ and the results obtained at the three moments for EIB-. (Figure 1). Conclusion: Our results suggests that an inflammatory status in serum of the marathon runners presenting BIE, before the race may be associated with bronchoconstriction triggering

The strength of sintered and adhesively bonded zirconia/veneer-ceramic bilayers

AbstractObjectivesRecently all-ceramic restorative systems have been introduced that use CAD/CAM technology to fabricate both the Y-TZP core and veneer-ceramic layers. The aim was to identify whether the CAD/CAM approach resulted in more favourable stressing patterns in the veneer-ceramic when compared with a conventionally sintered Y-TZP core/veneer-ceramic.MethodsNominally identical Vita VM9 veneer-ceramic disc-shaped specimens (0.7mm thickness, 12mm diameter) were fabricated. 20 specimens received a surface coating of resin-cement (Panavia 21); 20 specimens were bonded with the resin-cement to fully sintered Y-TZP (YZ Vita Inceram Vita) discs (0.27mm thickness, 12mm diameter). A final series of 20 Y-TZP core/veneer-ceramic specimens were manufactured using a conventional sintering route. Biaxial flexure strength was determined in a ball-on-ring configuration and stress at the fracture origin calculated using multilayer closed-form analytical solutions. Fractography was undertaken using scanning electron microscopy. The experimental test was simulated using Finite Element Analysis. Group mean BFS were compared using a one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests at a 95% significance level.ResultsResin cement application resulted in significant strengthening of the veneer-ceramic and further significant strengthening of the veneer-ceramic (p<0.01) occurred following bonding to the Y-TZP core. The BFS calculated at the failure origin for conventionally sintered specimens was significantly reduced when compared with the adhesively bonded Y-TZP/veneer-ceramic.ConclusionsUnder the test conditions employed adhesive cementation between CAD/CAM produced Y-TZP/veneer-ceramic layers appears to offer the potential to induce more favourable stress states within the veneer-ceramic when compared with conventional sintered manufacturing routes.Clinical significanceThe current investigation suggests that the stressing patterns that arise in all-ceramic restorations fabricated using CAD/CAM for both the core and veneer-ceramic layers differ from those that occur in conventionally sintered bilayer restorations. Further work is required to ascertain whether such differences will translate into improved clinical outcomes

The Tully-Fisher Relation and H0

The use of the Tully-Fisher (TF) relation for the determination of H0 relies on the availability of an adequate template TF relation and of reliable primary distances. Here we use a TF template relation with the best available kinematical zero point, obtained from a sample of 24 clusters of galaxies extending to cz ~ 9000 km s-1, and the most recent set of Cepheid distances for galaxies fit for TF use. The combination of these two ingredients yields H0 = 69 ± 5 km s-1 Mpc-1. The approach is significantly more accurate than the more common application with single cluster (e.g., Virgo, Coma) samples

The Motions of Clusters of Galaxies and the Dipoles of the Peculiar Velocity Field

In preceding papers of this series, TF relations for galaxies in 24 clusters with radial velocities between 1000 and 9200 km/s (SCI sample) were obtained, a Tully-Fisher (TF) template relation was constructed and mean offsets of each cluster with respect to the template obtained. Here, an estimate of the line-of-sight peculiar velocities of the clusters and their associated errors are given. It is found that cluster peculiar velocities in the Cosmic Microwave Background reference frame do not exceed 600 k/ms and that their distribution has a line-of-sight dispersion of 300 k/ms, suggesting a more quiescent cluster peculiar velocity field than previously reported. When measured in a reference frame in which the Local Group is at rest, the set of clusters at cz > 3000 km/s exhibits a dipole moment in agreement with that of the CMB, both in amplitude and apex direction. It is estimated that the bulk flow of a sphere of 6000 km/s radius in the CMB reference frame is between 140 and 320 km/s. These results are in agreement with those obtained from an independent sample of field galaxies (Giovanelli et al. 1998; see astro-ph/9807274)Comment: 9 pages, 2 tables, 7 figures, uses AAS LaTex; to appear in A