NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans – anteaters, sloths, and armadillos – have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with 24 domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, ten anteaters, and six sloths. Our dataset includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data-paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the south of the USA, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to its austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n=5,941), and Cyclopes sp. has the fewest (n=240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n=11,588), and the least recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n=33). With regards to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n=962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n=12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other datasets of Neotropical Series which will become available very soon (i.e. Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans dataset

ANÁLISE DE TRILHA DO RENDIMENTO DO FEIJOEIRO E SEUS COMPONENTES PRIMÁRIOS EM MONOCULTIVO E EM CONSÓRCIO COM A CULTURA DO MILHO PATH ANALYSIS OF GRAIN YIELD OF COMMON BEAN AND ITS PRIMARY COMPONENTS IN MONOCULTURE AND INTERCROPPED WITH MAIZE

Realizou-se análise de trilha do rendimento de grãos (variável básica) vs. seus componentes primários (variáveis explicativas), em monocultivo e em consórcio com a cultura do milho. De modo geral, os resultados foram semelhantes nos dois sistemas de cultivo. Das três variáveis explicativas envolvidas no estudo, o número de vagens por parcela foi a única que apresentou boa combinação de coeficiente de trilha e correlação, ambos altos, tanto no monocultivo como no consórcio. Concluiu-se que o caráter número de vagens por parcela tem influência marcante na produção de grãos, podendo ser de grande valor nos progressos genéticos deste caráter, via seleção indireta.<br>Path analysis of grain yield (basic variable) and its primary components (explicatory variables) was worked in common bean in monoculture and intercropped with maize. In general, the results were similar in both cropping systems. Among the explicatory variables studied, only the number of pods per plot showed a good combination of path coefficient and correlation, both high, in monoculture and intercropped. It could be concluded that the character number of pods per plot has an important influence on grain yield, which may be of great value for genetic gains in this character, by indirect selection

Locomotion of Stramonita haemastoma (Linnaeus) (Gastropoda, Muricidae) on a mixed shore of rocks and sand

Mixed shores of rocks and sand are appropriate systems for the study of limitations that the isolation of rocks may impose for gastropods that typically inhabit rocky shores. We marked 52 Stramonita haemastoma (Linnaeus, 1767) snails on a mixed shore and found that 34 of them moved between rocks one to four times during 15 surveys in a period of 72 days. In the experiments, the snails moved on rock by continuous, direct, ditaxic, alternate undulations of the foot sole but on submerged sand they used slower arrhythmic discontinuous contractions of the foot sole. They switched between modes of locomotion in response to the type and topography of the substrate and possibly to water dynamics. In nature, snails moved between rocks forming aggregations where they oviposited. This may have masked other causes of movement, such as availability of prey. Most snails burrowed into the sand when the rocks became exposed during low tides. Further experiments are needed to explicitly address the possible causes of movements among rocks and burial

Moluscos de importância econômica no Brasil: III. Subulinidae, Leptinaria unilamellata (Orbigny) (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Stylommatophora) Molluscs of economic importance in Brasil: III. Subulinidae, Leptinaria unilamellata (Orbigny) (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Stylommatophora)

<abstract language="eng">An anatomic study of Leptinaria unilamellata (Orbigny, 1835) was made emphasizing the genital system, the pallial chamber the radulae and the mandible. The details of these parts characterize better the species and allow more systematic clarity to the group. The importance of the evolutive cycle of the two trematodes, Postharmostomum gallinum (Witenberg, 1923) and Paratanaisia bragai (Santos, 1934) both parasites of domestic birds in Brazil is accentuated

Qualidade da matéria orgânica e distribuição do fósforo no solo de lavouras orgânicas de café Conilon Organic matter quality and phosphorus distribution in soils under organic Conilon coffee

O cultivo de café orgânico utiliza fontes não solúveis de fósforo e grande quantidade e variedade de material orgânico em seu manejo. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar as frações que compõem a matéria orgânica e distribuição do fósforo no solo de cafeeiros Coffea canephora da cultivar 'Conilon' cultivados sob diferentes sistemas de manejos de produção orgânica. O solo foi coletado na projeção da copa do cafeeiro, na camada de 0 a 20cm. Determinaram-se as características químicas e granulométricas do solo em procedimentos de rotina e as frações de fósforo e da material orgânica. Na maioria das lavouras, o fósforo orgânico constituiu a maior parte do fósforo lábil, e a fração humina constituiu a maior parte da matéria orgânica. Houve maior presença de fósforo inorgânico nos solos das lavouras com maiores concentrações de fósforo total e lábil. O conteúdo total de Pi + Po nos solos avaliados apresentou valores elevados, variando de 426,9 até 910,4mg dm-3 de solo. A fração humina constituiu a maior parte da matéria orgânica. As frações que compõem a distribuição do fósforo no solo apresentaram discrepâncias entre os sistemas de manejos de produção orgânica.<br>The organic management in coffee uses insoluble phosphorus sources and a large quantity and variety of organic material. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate organic matter composition and phosphorus distribution on soils from Coffea canephora cv. 'Conilon' crops, under different organic management production systems. Soil under the coffee tree canopy was collected from 0 to 20cm depth. Chemical and soil texture characteristics were determined by routine analysis as well as phosphorus and organic matter constitution. On the average crops organic phosphorus was the main part of the labile phosphorus and carbon humine. There was a higher content of inorganic phosphorus on soils from the crops with the highest concentrations of total and labile phosphorus. The total content of Pi + Po in the evaluated soils showed high and variation from 426.9 to 910.4mg dm-3 of soil. The humin fraction formed the bulk of organic matter. The fractions that make up the phosphorus distribution in the soil showed discrepanncies between the organic management production systems