Influência do corticoide na cicatrização do manguito rotador de ratos – Estudo biomecânico

ResumoObjetivocomparar a resistência da cicatrização, com relação a tensão máxima, força máxima e força de ruptura, do tendão infraespinhal de ratos submetidos a inoculação de corticoides após a lesão e a reparos experimentais.Métodosforam submetidos 60 ratos Wistar a tenotomia do tendão infraespinhal e suturados. Previamente à cirurgia foram divididos em grupo controle (C), inoculados com soro, e grupo de estudo (E), inoculados com corticoides sobre o tendão. Após o reparo os ratos foram sacrificados em grupos de 10 indivíduos do grupo controle e 10 do grupo de estudo em intervalos de uma semana (C1 e E1), três semanas (C3 e E3) e cinco semanas (C5 e E5). Os ratos foram dissecados com a separação do tendão infraespinhal do úmero. As peças de estudo foram submetidas a teste de tração e avaliadas – tensão máxima (kgf/cm2), força máxima (kgf) e força de ruptura (kgf) – e comparando os grupos de estudo com os grupos controle.Resultadosdentre os ratos sacrificados com uma semana observamos maior tensão máxima do grupo C1 em comparação com o grupo E1. As variáveis força máxima (kgf) e força de ruptura (kgf) não diferiram estatisticamente entre os grupos pesquisados. Da mesma forma, nos ratos sacrificados com três semanas o grupo C3 mostrou apenas resistência maior na tensão máxima em comparação com o grupo E3 (p=0,007). As demais variáveis não apresentaram diferenças. Nos ratos sacrificados com cinco semanas (C5 e E5), nenhum dos parâmetros estudados apresentou diferenças estatísticas.Conclusãoa inoculação com corticoide sobre o manguito rotador levou a diminuição da resistência a tensão máxima da cicatriz pós reparo cirúrgico experimental em uma e três semanas em comparação com os respectivos grupos controle. Os demais parâmetros não tiveram diferença entre os grupos de estudo e os grupos controle.AbstractObjectiveto compare healing strength of the infraspinatus tendon of rats with corticoid inoculation, regarding maximum tension, maximum force and rupture force, after injury and experimental repair.Methods60 Wistar rats were subjected to tenotomy of the infraspinatus tendon, which was then sutured. Before the surgery, they were divided into a control group (C) inoculated with serum and a study group (S) inoculated with corticoids over the tendon. After repair, the rats were sacrificed in groups of 10 individuals in the control group and 10 in the study group at the times of one week (C1 and S1), three weeks (C3 and S3) and five weeks (C5 and S5). The rats were dissected, separating out the infraspinatus tendon with the humerus. The study specimens were subjected to a traction test, with evaluation of the maximum tension (kgf/cm2), maximum force (kgf) and rupture force (kgf), comparing the study group with the respective control groups.Resultsamong the rats sacrificed one week after the procedure, we observed greater maximum tension in group C1 than in group S1. The variables of maximum force (kgf) and rupture force did not differ statistically between the groups investigated. In the same way, among the rats sacrificed three weeks after the procedure, group C3 only showed greater maximum tension than in group S3 (p=0.007), and the other variables did not present differences. Among the rats sacrificed five weeks after the procedure (C5 and S5), none of the parameters studied presented statistical differences.Conclusionwe concluded that corticoid diminished the resistance to maximum tension in the groups sacrificed one and three weeks after the procedure, in comparison with the respective control groups. The other parameters did not show differences between the study and control groups

Influence of corticoids on healing of the rotator cuff of rats – biomechanical study

AbstractObjectiveto compare healing strength of the infraspinatus tendon of rats with corticoid inoculation, regarding maximum tension, maximum force and rupture force, after injury and experimental repair.Methodsa total of 60 Wistar rats were subjected to tenotomy of the infraspinatus tendon, which was then sutured. Before the surgery, they were divided into a control group (C) inoculated with serum and a study group (S) inoculated with corticoids over the tendon. After repair, the rats were sacrificed in groups of 10 individuals in the control group and 10 in the study group at the times of one week (C1 and S1), three weeks (C3 and S3) and five weeks (C5 and S5). The rats were dissected, separating out the infraspinatus tendon with the humerus. The study specimens were subjected to a traction test, with evaluation of the maximum tension (kgf/cm2), maximum force (kgf) and rupture force (kgf), comparing the study group with the respective control groups.Resultsamong the rats sacrificed one week after the procedure, we observed greater maximum tension in group C1 than in group S1. The variables of maximum force (kgf) and rupture force did not differ statistically between the groups investigated. In the same way, among the rats sacrificed three weeks after the procedure, group C3 only showed greater maximum tension than group S3 (p=0.007), and the other variables did not present differences. Among the rats sacrificed five weeks after the procedure (C5 and S5), none of the parameters studied presented statistical differences.Conclusionwe concluded that corticoid diminished the resistance to maximum tension in the groups sacrificed one and three weeks after the procedure, in comparison with the respective control groups. The other parameters did not show differences between the study and control groups

Child Fractures: Are We Getting More Surgical?

Abstract Historically, surgeries on the immature skeleton were reserved for open or articular fractures. In recent years, the improvement in the quality and safety of anesthesia, new imaging equipment, implants designed especially for pediatric fractures, associated with the possibility of shorter hospitalization time and rapid return to social life has demonstrated a new tendency to evaluate and treat fractures in children. The purpose of this update article is to answer the following questions: (1) Are we really turning more surgical in addressing fractures in children? (2) If this is true, is this surgical conduct based on scientific evidence? In fact, in recent decades, the medical literature demonstrates articles that support better evolution of fractures in children with surgical treatment. In the upper limbs, this is very evident in the systematization of the reduction and percutaneous fixation of supracondylar fractures of the humerus and fractures of the forearm bones. In the lower limbs, the same occurs with diaphyseal fractures of the femur and tibia. However, there are gaps in the literature. The available published studies show low scientific evidence. Thus, it can be inferred that, even though the surgical approach is more present, the treatment of pediatric fractures should always be individualized and conducted according to the knowledge and experience of the professional physician, taking into account the presence of technological resources available for the care of the small patient. All possibilities, non-surgical and/or surgical, should be included, always instituting actions based on science and in agreement with the family’s wishes

Artrodese de coluna: avaliação da satisfação dos cuidadores de pacientes com síndrome de Rett Artrodesis de la columna: evaluación de la satisfacción de los cuidadores de pacientes con síndrome de Rett Arthrodesis spine: satisfaction evaluation of the caregivers of patients with Rett syndrome

OBJETIVO: avaliar o nível de satisfação dos cuidadores de pacientes com síndrome de Rett. MÉTODOS: foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo por meio dos prontuários de dez pacientes com Síndrome de Rett, nove femininos e um masculino. Foram obtidos os dados radiográficos e foi elaborado um questionário de 31 perguntas, respondidas pelos familiares dos pacientes. RESULTADOS: a redução média no ângulo pré-operatório e a medida no pós-imediato foi de 72,4%. Complicação pós-operatória ocorreu em apenas um caso, e 87,5% dos cuidadores afirmaram que houve melhora expressiva com relação ao efeito da cirurgia sobre os cuidados pessoais, na função e locomoção; o tempo de permanência na cadeira de rodas aumentou. Para 66,7% dos cuidadores, a frequência de internamentos por problemas médicos e a frequência de pneumonia diminuíram com a cirurgia. Também fizeram uma avaliação positiva sobre a estética da deformidade da coluna. A grande maioria dos cuidadores (85,7%) submeteria novamente seus filhos à cirurgia e recomendariam para outra criança com o mesmo problema. CONCLUSÃO: houve redução significativa na média do ângulo de Cobb entre o pré e pós-operatório e melhoria em todos os aspectos do paciente. Os cuidadores manifestaram que submeteriam seus filhos ao procedimento cirúrgico novamente.OBJETIVO: evaluar el nivel de satisfacción de los cuidadores de pacientes con síndrome de Rett. MÉTODOS: fue realizado un estudio retrospectivo por medio de las historias clínicas de 10 pacientes con síndrome de Rett, nueve mujeres y un hombre. Fueron obtenidos datos radiográficos y se elaboró un cuestionario de 31 preguntas a los familiares de los pacientes. RESULTADOS: la reducción promedio en el ángulo preoperatorio y el promedio en el postoperatorio fue del 72,4%. La complicación postoperatoria ocurrió en solo un caso y el 87,5% de los cuidadores afirmaron que hubo mejoría expresiva con relación al efecto de la cirugía sobre los cuidados personales, en la función y locomoción, y además, el tiempo de permanencia en la silla de ruedas aumentó. Para el 66,7%, de los cuidadores, la frecuencia de internamientos por problemas médicos y la frecuencia de neumonía disminuyeron con la cirugía. También hicieron una evaluación positiva sobre la estética de la deformidad de la columna. La gran mayoría de los cuidadores (el 85,7%) sometería nuevamente sus hijos a la cirugía y recomendaría a otro niño con el mismo problema hacer este tipo de corrección. CONCLUSIÓN: hubo una reducción significativa en el promedio del ángulo de Cobb entre el pre y postoperatorio y una mejoría en todos los aspectos del paciente. Los cuidadores manifestaron que someterían sus hijos de nuevo al procedimiento quirúrgico.OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the satisfaction of the caregivers of Rett Syndrome (RS) patients. METHODS: For this retrospective study, statistical data were presented by the medical records of 10 patients with RS, nine females and only one male. With the radiological data presented in the medical records, a questionnaire was prepared with 31 questions to be answered by family. RESULTS: the average reduction of the angle that occurred between the preoperative evaluation and the postoperative evaluation was of 72.4%. Postoperative complications occurred in only one case, and 87.5% of the caregivers said that there was significant improvement with respect to the effect of surgery on personal care, function, locomotion; the time in the wheelchair increased. To 66.7% of the caregivers, with the surgery, the frequency of medical admissions and the frequency of pneumonia decreased. They also made a positive evaluation about the aesthetic deformity of the spine. The vast majority of the caregivers (87.5%) said that their children could undergo surgery again and they would recommend it to another child with the same problem. CONCLUSION: there was a significant reduction in the mean Cobb angle between the preoperative and postoperative period, an improvement in all aspects of the patient, and caregivers also expressed that their children could undergo to surgery again

Estudo anatômico das duas bandas do ligamento cruzado anterior com o joelho em 90º de flexão

OBJETIVO: Avaliar anatomicamente a origem femoral e inserção tibial das bandas ântero-medial e póstero-lateral do ligamento cruzado anterior. MÉTODOS: Estudados oito joelhos de cadáveres, foram feitas as seguintes medidas no fêmur: distância do centro da banda ântero-medial à cartilagem profunda e a ao teto. Ainda no fêmur, do centro da banda póstero-lateral à cartilagem profunda, a cartilagem inferior e à cartilagem superficial. Na tíbia, foi aferido do bordo ósseo tibial anterior à região anterior da banda ântero-medial, ao centro da banda ântero-medial e ao centro da banda póstero-lateral. Também foi medido o centro da banda póstero-lateral ao bordo ósseo posterior da tíbia e o comprimento ântero-posterior total da inserção tibial do ligamento cruzado anterior. RESULTADOS: No fêmur, a distância do centro da banda ântero-medial à cartilagem profunda foi de 6,3 ±1,4mm e ao teto 11,2 ±2mm. Ainda no fêmur, a medida do centro da banda póstero-lateral à cartilagem profunda 9 ±4mm, à cartilagem superficial 7,6 ±1,8mm e a cartilagem inferior 4,2 ±0,9mm. Na tíbia, a distância do bordo ósseo tibial anterior à região anterior da banda ântero-medial foi de 11,9 ±2,8mm, ao centro da banda ântero-medial 18,8 ±2,6mm e ao centro da banda póstero-lateral 26,5 ±2,3mm. A medida do centro da banda póstero-lateral ao bordo ósseo posterior da tíbia foi 19,6 ±4mm e o comprimento ântero-posterior total da inserção tibial do ligamento cruzado anterior 19,4 ±1,8mm. CONCLUSÃO: O centro da inserção tibial da banda ântero-medial encontra-se a aproximadamente 20mm da extremidade anterior da tíbia, enquanto o centro da póstero-lateral se encontra a 30mm. A distância entre o centro da origem da banda ântero-medial até a cartilagem profunda é 6mm e da póstero-lateral 10mm

Knee ligament injuries: biomechanics comparative study of two suturetechnique in tendon - analysis "in vitro" tendon of bovine

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the biomechanical behavior of two different suture configurations: "X" and "Loop" in the preparation of tendons for knee ligament reconstruction. METHODS: We used common digital extensor tendons of bovine that can replace the human flexor tendons in experimental studies of traction. In the first group, point "X" suture with Ethibond (r) No. 5 began in the distal graft points transfixing, with spacing of 7.5 mm points to reach 03 cm distal to the beginning of the suture, returning suture in the same manner, transfixing the tendon in open spaces across the suture configuration "X". The second group, the point "Loop" was prepared with the same type Ethibond (r) No. 5 of the needle wire was removed for use only of the wire was mounted in a twofold manner in a single piece forming a needle loop. Started the suture 3 cm from the end of the graft through loops and transfixing points throughout the tendon substance, with spacing between dots of 7.5 mm. RESULT: The Maximum Force of Rupture suture in "Loop" was 444.45 N and the suture in "X" was 407.59 N with statistical significance (p = 0.030). The average Tension obtained at the suture in "Loop" was 27.67 MPa and at the suture in "X" was 25.73 MPa with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.036). The stiffness showed no statistical differences (p = 0.350) at 11.804 N / mm at the point where "Loop" and 11.570 N / mm at the suture "X". CONCLUSION: The suture in "Loop" had a higher biomechanical behavior to the suture "X", considering the Maximum Force and Tension

Anatomical study of the posterior cruciate ligament with the knee flexed at 90°,

Objective:To study the anatomy of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and define anatomical parameters with the knee flexed at 90°.Methods:Eight knees from cadavers were dissected in order to make measurements from the center of the anterolateral band to the roof (AL1), from the center of the anterolateral band to the anterior cartilage (AL2), from the center of the posteromedial band to the roof (PM1), from the center of the posteromedial band to the anterior cartilage (PM2), from the center of the tibial insertion to the medial region of the tibia (TIM), from the center of the tibial insertion to the lateral region of the tibia (TIL), from the center of the medial insertion to the medial meniscus (IMM) and the width of the origin of the PCL (WO). To obtain the results from each anatomical structure, the means and standard deviations of the measurements were calculated.Results:The measurements in millimeters that were found were AL1, 6.2; AL2, 4.9; PM1, 11.7; PM2, 5.5; TIM, 32.5; TIL, 40.6; IMM, 9.4; and WO, 32.5.Conclusions:The PCL has an extensive origin. The center of the anterolateral band is 6 mm from the roof and 5 mm from the anterior cartilage of the knee. The tibial insertion is slightly medial and 10 mm distal to the posterior cornu of the medial meniscus

Biomechanical analysis of a double fixation method for tendon graft in porcine tibia - using an interference screw plus staple

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the mechanical behavior of interference screw tibial fixation vs. screw-plus-staple tibial fixation in an animal model. Methods: Thirty-six pieces of swine knee specimens were selected and divided into two groups: Group 1, tibial fixation with interference screw (n = 17), and Group 2, fixation with interference screw and staple (n = 19). The models were submitted to a single cycle of tension testing. The following variables were measured: graft cross-sectional area, failure point on 10 mm (F10), yield load (Fy), and stiffness. Results: The mean values of graft cross-sectional area, F10, Fy, and stiffness did not present significant differences between the groups. Conclusion: The addition of a second staple-type ligament fixation device, complementing the interference screw, did not increase the mechanical safety of the system