Convivencia escolar como espacio profesionalizado del educador/a social

Este artículo, trata de analizar e indagar en la Convivencia Escolar como ámbito profesionalizador del Educador/a Social en centros de educación primaria y secundaria de Andalucía. Los objetivos de este estudio son: a) describir funciones del educador/a social en los centros en el marco de la organización y desarrollo de los planes de convivencia escolar; y b) identificar si las funciones desarrolladas por el/la educador/a social tienen efecto sobre la satisfacción de la comunidad educativa de los centros, y en qué sentido. Para la recogida de datos se diseña un cuestionario, el cual se ha aplicado a una muestra de 46 centros de Educación Secundaria de Andalucía, que pertenecen a la red andaluza “Escuela: Espacio de Paz”, con una pertenencia a la red de más de 8 años. Para el tratamiento de los datos se realiza un análisis descriptivo general, y posteriormente se procede a un análisis bivariado a través del test de χ2. Los resultados obtenidos han permitido identificar los principales ámbitos en los que incide las tareas de un educador/a social en un centro escolar, entre los que destacan: a) la prevención control y seguimiento del absentismo escolar; b) la mejora de la convivencia; y c) la intervención con familias y coordinación con recursos externos. Asimismo, se obtiene relaciones significativas entre las funciones del/la educador/a y la satisfacción del profesorado

Insomnia and hypnotic use in Campo Grande general population, Brazil

The insomnia prevalence in general population was determined by means of 408 home interviews of adults, in a representative sample of Campo Grande city, Brazil. The random sample was stratified by sex, age and economic social status. Insomnia subtypes evaluated were the disorders of sleep initiation (DSI), sleep maintenance (DSM) and early awakening (DEA). A structured questionnaire was used with the consent from the interviewed subjects. Statistics used chi-square, and Fisher tests; and inferences based on binomial distribution parameters; the significance level was 5% and confidence interval (CI) was 95%.The general prevalence of insomnia was 19.1% (sd=2.0%), mostly women (p=0.0015), and people of less years of schooling (p=0.0317), subtype DSI (14.2%, p=0.0043), and chronic (p=0.7022). Hypnotic drugs were used by 6.9%(sd=1.3%) in the last month. Use in the last 2 years, 70.3% mostly insomniacs (p<0.0001), women (p=0.0372) and people over 30 years of age (p=0.0536)

Biliary tract reconstruction using jejunal tube: an experimental study in dogs

BACKGROUND: To physiologically reconstruct the biliary tract, Crema et al suggested the application of the Monti principle to the biliary tract, already used in humans for the urinary tract. With this technique, a jejunal segment is transversely retubularized. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of jejunal tube interposition between the common bile duct and duodenum in dogs.METHODS: Thirteen dogs underwent a laparoscopic common bile duct ligature, followed by a biliodigestive connection by jejunal tube interposition after one week. The levels of glutamic-pyruvic and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminases, total bilirubins, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase were assessed before surgery and thereafter weekly until euthanasia, which was performed 6 weeks after biliodigestive connection.RESULTS: Data on 9 dogs were analyzed statistically. The dogs presented with obstructive jaundice after common bile duct ligature, as confirmed by biochemical examination. They showed a statistically significant reduction in cholestasis after biliodigestive connection by jejunal tube interposition and were healthy until the end of the experiment.CONCLUSION: A statistically significant reduction was seen in total bilirubin and canalicular enzymes (alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase) in the 9 dogs 6 weeks after biliodigestive conviction by jejunal tube interposition

Association Between Psoriasis Vulgaris And Mhc-drb, -dqb Genes As A Contribution To Disease Diagnosis.

We analyzed 100 control individuals and 60 patients with psoriasis vulgaris from the population of Campinas, Brazil. Typification of class II HLA alleles (HLA-DRB1-5 and -DQB1) was carried out through the DNA/PCR/SSP at medium and high resolution. DNA was extracted through a salting-out procedure: 13 DRB1 alleles, 3 DRB3 alleles, 1 DRB4 allele, 2 DRB5 alleles, and 5 DQB1 alleles were identified at a medium resolution using the PCR/SSP, and 45 DRB1 alleles were identified at a high resolution in analyzed patients. Results showed associations with psoriasis vulgaris: positive associations HLA-DRB3*02 (p < 0.05, chi(2) = 5.10, RR = 2.14); HLA-DRB1*0102 alleles (p < 0.05, RR = 5.44). Negative associations were found for HLA-DRB4*01 (chi(2) = 3.23, RR = 0.55) and HLA-DRB1*1302 alleles (p < 0.05, RR = 0.23). The haplotypes revealed positive association for HLA-DRB1*0102/DQB1*05 (p < 0.05, RR = 5.44) and HLA-DRB1*0701/DQB1*03 alleles (p < 0.02, RR = 9.00). These findings suggest a possible association of the DRB1 allele with the group of patients showing an early onset of the illness, as well as an association with haplotypes HLA-DRB1*0102/DQB1*05 and HLA-DRB1*0701/DQB1*03.15159-6

Disfunção endotelial após isquemia global e reperfusão em cirurgia cardíaca com circulação extracorpórea: estudo do papel do magnésio em artérias coronarianas caninas

OBJETIVO: Estudar a disfunção endotelial conseqüente à lesão provocada por isquemia global seguida de reperfusão e a potencial influência protetora do magnésio sobre a integridade funcional do endotélio em coronárias isoladas de cães. MÉTODO: Segmentos de artérias coronárias caninas foram suspensos em banhos orgânicos para medida de força isométrica. A disfunção endotelial foi avaliada pela capacidade destes segmentos produzirem óxido nítrico, alterando a força isométrica inicial. Foram selecionados quatro grupos com seis cães em cada um: SEM CEC (controle), CEC (110 minutos de perfusão sem isquemia), ISQ (45 minutos de isquemia), ISQ/REP (45 minutos de isquemia seguidos de 60 minutos de reperfusão). A ação do magnésio foi avaliada em três fases: I (banho orgânico com magnésio), II (banho orgânico sem magnésio) e III (banho orgânico com magnésio restaurado). Foram utilizados três agonistas farmacológicos que representam os principais passos da via de produção do óxido nítrico: receptor de membrana da célula endotelial - acetilcolina (ACh); transdução do sinal entre o receptor e os processos intracelulares através da G-proteína - fluoreto de sódio (NaF); liberação dos estoques intracelulares de cálcio - cálcio ionóforo (A23187). Ao estudo da função endotelial associou-se a avaliação da atividade da musculatura lisa dependente de GMPc - nitroprussiato de sódio (NPS). RESULTADOS: Os principais achados desta investigação foram: 1) a presença de magnésio no perfusato pareceu atenuar a disfunção endotelial causada por isquemia global seguida de reperfusão; 2) a presença de magnésio no banho orgânico (fase I) associou-se a maior relaxamento em resposta aos agonistas da produção de óxido nítrico; 3) a remoção de magnésio do banho orgânico (fase II) esteve associada à redução na intensidade do relaxamento em resposta aos agonistas da produção de óxido nítrico; 4) a restauração de magnésio ao banho orgânico (fase III) permitiu recuperação do relaxamento observado na fase I, apenas em resposta à estimulação direta das G-proteínas. Para os demais agonistas a restauração esteve associada à redução adicional na intensidade do relaxamento; 5) a musculatura lisa recebeu influência da concentração de magnésio no banho orgânico. CONCLUSÃO: O magnésio influencia favoravelmente na produção de óxido nítrico pelo endotélio coronariano, atenuando a disfunção endotelial causada por isquemia global seguida de reperfusão.<br>INTRODUCTION: Hypomagnesemia and ischemia followed by reperfusion often occur in cardiac surgery. Both of them are associated with endothelial dysfunction which interfers negatively with patient evolution. Phisiopatology of these disturbances is similar and involves G-proteins dysfunction. OBJECTIVE: The present study focuses on the endothelial dysfunction consequent to the lesion resulting from global ischemia followed by reperfusion and the potential protective influence of magnesium on the endothelium functional integrity in isolated coronaries of dogs. METHOD: Segments of canine coronary arteries were suspended in organ chambers to measure isometric force. Endothelial dysfunction was evaluated by the ability of these segments to produce nitric oxide changing the initial isometric force. Four groups with six dogs in each one were selected: SEM CEC (control), CEC (110 minutes of perfusion without ischemia), ISQ (45 minutes of ischemia), ISQ/REP (45 minutes of ischemia followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion). The magnesium action was evaluated in three different phases: I (organ chambers with magnesium), II (organ chambers without magnesium) and III (organ chambers with restored magnesium). Three pharmacological agonists were used which represented the main steps involved in the nitric oxide production: the membrane receptor of the endothelial cell - acetylcholine (ACh); transduction of the signal between the receptor and the intracellular processes through the G-protein - sodium fluoride (NaF); liberation of intracellular stocks of calcium - calcium ionophore (A23187). The study of endothelial function was combined with the evaluation of smooth muscle activity dependent on GMPc - sodium nitroprusside (NPS). RESULTS: The major findings of this investigation were as follows: 1) presence of magnesium in priming seemed to attenuate the endothelial dysfunction caused by global ischemia followed by reperfusion; 2) presence of magnesium in the organ chamber (phase I) was associated with the greatest relaxation in response to agonists of the nitric oxide production; 3) removal of magnesium in the organ chamber (phase II) was linked to the reduction in the relaxation intensity in response to agonists of the nitric oxide production; 4) the magnesium restoration to the organ chamber (phase III) allowed restoration of the relaxation observed in the phase I, only in response to the direct stimulation of the G-proteins. For the rest of the remaining agonists, the restoration was associated with the additional reduction in the relaxation intensity; 5) the smooth muscle received the influence of the magnesium concentration in the organ chamber. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that magnesium favorably influences the nitric oxide production by the coronary endothelium attenuating the endothelial dysfunction caused by global ischemia followed by reperfusion

Reabilitação vocal de laringectomizados com prótese traqueoesofágica Vocal reabilitation of patients with laringectomy using tracheoesofogeal proteses

Material: No período de 23 de fevereiro de 1999 a junho de 2000 foram estudados 23 pacientes submetidos à laringectomia total que receberam a prótese traqueoesofágica do tipo Blom-Singer Indeweling Low Presure, sendo 22 pacientes do sexo masculino, com faixa etária variando de 40 a 80 anos. O tempo de acompanhamento variou de 150 a 462 dias. Um paciente era do estádio clínico I, com comprometimento da comissura posterior; um, do estádio II, com lesão na subglote; 13, do estádio III; e sete do IV. Forma de estudo: Prospectivo clínico não randomizado. Método: A prótese foi locada concomitante à laringectomia em sete pacientes; secundariamente, com anestesia geral, em cinco; e, por endoscopia digestiva alta, sob sedação e anestesia local, em quatorze. Foram estudadas as complicações decorrentes da colocação e uso da prótese vocal, avaliação da qualidade da voz e da inteligibilidade de fala, utilizando parâmetro perceptivo-auditivo, antes e depois da fonoterapia e do tempo necessário para reabilitação vocal. Resultados: Houve três complicações pós-operatórias relacionadas com procedimento cirúrgico terapêutico, que impossibilitaram a reabilitação vocal; dos vinte possíveis de serem reabilitados com a prótese, dezoito se reabilitaram com índice de 90% de sucesso. O tempo médio para reabilitação variou de um a 65 dias. Conclusão: Concluímos que as complicações decorrentes da colocação e uso da prótese não inviabilizaram o sucesso do método; o tempo médio para aquisição da voz foi de sete dias; a qualidade vocal e a inteligibilidade de fala apresentaram melhora após a realização da fonoterapia, sem diferença estatística significativa; e a colocação secundária da prótese vocal, utilizando nova técnica, por endoscopia digestiva alta, mostrou-se mais eficaz em relação às técnicas convencionais.<br>We studied the complications resulting from the placement and use of the vocal prosthesis, assessment of voice quality and speech intelligibility using perceptive-auditory parameters before and after speech therapy and the period needed for vocal rehabilitation. From February 1999 to June 2000, a study was conducted on 23 patients who underwent total laryngectomy and were given a tracheoesophageal prosthesis like the Blom-Singer Indwelling Low Pressure. Study design: Prospective clinical not randomized. Material and method: The study consisted of 22 males and their ages ranged from 40 years to 80 years. The follow up period varied between 150 days to 462 days. One patient with the posterior commissure affected was at stadium I; stadium II had one patient with a lesion in the subglottic region; stadium III had 13 patients; stadium IV had four patients. The prosthesis was placed in seven patients concomitantly with the laryngectomy, while the placement was secondary in the remaining group. Aim: We studied the complications resulting from the placement and use of the vocal prosthesis, assessment of voice quality and speech intelligibility using perceptive-auditory parameters before and after speech therapy and the period needed for vocal rehabilitation impossible. The success rating was 90% with 18 patients rehabilitated with the help of the prosthesis. The rehabilitation period varied between one day to 65 days. Conclusions: the complications resulted from placement and use of this prosthesis did not hamper its success; the average time taken for voice acquisition was seven days, vocal quality and intelligibility of speech showed improvement after the phonoterapy without significant statistics difference and the secondary placement through new surgical technique by digestive endoscopy is better than the conventional technique