El VIH como vía de materialización de la Violencia de Género e Intragénero

Objective: The general objective of this research is to identify the prevalence and characteristics of partner violence (perpetrator and recipient) in HIV positive patients enrolled in the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS, in Spanish) in the state of Nuevo Leon, Mexico.Methodology: A quantitative research was proposed, through a descriptive and transversal design, using as main instrument the Likert scale of violence in partner relationships of Cienfuegos and the Likert scale on the use of HIV as a means to materialize violence. We applied 265 self-administered questionnaires and obtained a statistic sample of 198 patients Results: There is a prevalence of partner violence of 40.40% as a receiver and of 40.90% as a perpetrator, psychological violence is the most frequent form in both cases. The prevalence of the use of HIV as a means of materializing partner violence as a recipient is of 4.54% and of 2.52% as a perpetrator. There is a higher proportion of non-heterosexual female victims and aggressors, and of couples in which both members are HIV positive; as well as in patients with a higher level of secure attachment and satisfaction with life.Conclusions: As in GBV (gender-based violence), there is evidence of the existence of violence in same-sex relationships in which one of the members is HIV positive. Likewise, it is possible to corroborate that HIV is used as a means to exercise partner violence.Objetivo: El objetivo general de esta investigación consiste en identificar la prevalencia y características de la violencia en pareja (perpetrador/a y receptor/a) en pacientes seropositivos adscritos al Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) de Nuevo León (México).Método: Se ha planteado una investigación cuantitativa, a través de un diseño descriptivo y transversal, utilizando como instrumento principal la escala Likert de violencia en la relación de pareja de Cienfuegos y la escala Likert sobre el uso del VIH como vía de materialización de la violencia. Se aplicaron 265 cuestionarios autoadministrados y se obtuvo una muestra de 198 pacientes Resultados: Existe una prevalencia de la violencia en pareja como receptor/a del 40.40% y como perpetrador/a del 40.90%, siendo en ambas formas la violencia psicológica la más frecuente. La prevalencia del uso del VIH como vía de materialización de la violencia en pareja como receptor/a es del 4.54% y como perpetrador/a del 2.52%. Existe una mayor proporción de víctimas y agresores mujeres, no heterosexuales y de parejas en la que ambos miembros son seropositivos; así como en pacientes con mayor nivel de apego seguro y satisfacción con la vida.Conclusiones: Al igual que en la VG, se constata la existencia de violencia en relaciones formas por personas del mismo sexo en la que alguno de sus miembros es seropositivo/a. Asimismo, se corrobora que el VIH se utiliza como medio para ejercer la violencia en pareja

IPSC differentiation into ependymal progenitors to treat ventricular damage during hydrocephalus

Introduction: During both obstructive congenital hydrocephalus and post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus additional pathological events are intimately associated with their ethiology: a) a detrimental inflammatory response; b) severe damage of the underlying periventricular nervous tissue, including white matter, and c). Therapeutic approaches have been directed to overcome a) and b), however recovery of damaged neuroepithelium/ependyma is, in our present, an important therapeutic gap. Methods: Human and mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) have been artificially differented into ependymal progenitors. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of iPCS are performed ex vivo and in vivo in the damaged ventricular wall. Their integration and differentiation has been studied by immunohistochemistry and histopathological analysis. Results: Mice and human ependymal progenitors are able to integrate and differentiate into ependyma in damaged ventricular wall. Stage of ependymal differentiation by the time of the injection defined different degrees of integration. Conclusions: IPSC appear to be a good ependymal progenitor source with no ethical controversy associated.RyC 2014-16980 Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Internalización del estigma en pacientes seropositivos heterosexuales, homosexuales y bisexuales de Nuevo León

Stigmatization includes internal processes through which subjects objectify the social imaginary, myths and stereotypes associated with HIV/AIDS, approve of it and generate negative emotions towards their own identity. Internalized stigma is made up of cognitive (stereotypes), emotional (prejudice), and behavioral (self-discrimination) components. A quantitative research is proposed through a non-experimental, descriptive, comparative and causal design with the objective of describing and characterizing the level of internalized stigma in seropositive patients from the State of Nuevo León (Mexico) assigned to the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS). 198 patients were selected from a second-level hospital through simple random probability sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection, consisting of a battery of sociodemographic questions and the scale in Likert format on internalized stigma from Kalichman et al., (2009). The level of stigma was calculated, mean comparisons were made based on the sociodemographic variables, the Student's t-test (dichotomous variables) and the ANOVA (polytomous variables) for independent samples with a 95% confidence interval percentage. The results denote a medium level (x = 2.6) of internalized stigma, representing gender, sexual orientation, level of education, geographic scope, certain psychological and medical aspects, and others linked to sexual health, determining factors in its internalization. From Social Work, it would be ideal to promote community actions from health education making use of the revolutionary model and the biographical and professional model of sexual education.La estigmatización incluye procesos internos a través de los cuales los sujetos objetivan el imaginario social, los mitos y los estereotipos asociados al VIH/SIDA, lo aprueban y generan emociones negativas hacia la propia identidad. El estigma internalizado está formado por componentes cognitivos (estereotipos), emocionales (prejuicios) y conductuales (autodiscriminación). Se plantea una investigación cuantitativa mediante un diseño no experimental, descriptivo, comparativo y causal con el objetivo de describir y caracterizar el nivel de estigma internalizado en pacientes seropositivos del Estado de Nuevo León (México), adscritos al Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS). Se seleccionaron 198 pacientes de un hospital de segundo nivel a través de un muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple. Se utilizó un cuestionario autoadministrado para la recolección de datos; compuesto por una batería de preguntas sociodemográficas y la escala en formato Likert sobre estigma interiorizado de Kalichman et col., (2009). Se calculó el nivel de estigma, se realizaron comparaciones de medias en función a las variables sociodemográficas, la prueba de t-Student (variables dicotómicas) y la ANOVA (variables politómicas) para muestras independientes, con un porcentaje de intervalo de confianza del 95%. Los resultados denotan un nivel medio (x= 2.6) de estigma internalizado, representando el género, la orientación sexual, el nivel de instrucción, el ámbito geográfico, ciertos aspectos psicológicos y médicos y otros vinculados con la salud sexual factores determinantes en su interiorización.  Desde el Trabajo Social sería idóneo promover acciones comunitarias de educación para la salud, haciendo uso del modelo revolucionario y el modelo biográfico y profesional de educación sexual

El deporte en Ciudad Juárez, 1950-2010

El presente trabajo es una primera fase de un proyecto mayor, a saber, la caracterización histórico-cultural del deporte en Chihuahua desde 1950 hasta 2017. Por lo tanto, aquí se desarrollan los primeros apuntes del contexto social juarense y su relación con diferentes dimensiones inscritas en el fenómeno deportivo (actores, infraestructura, eventos, tendencias deportivas) obedeciendo a un corte hasta el año 2010. Se parte de una premisa común en el estudio social del deporte, ya que representa el reflejo de la sociedad que se vive. Ciudad Juárez es una región significativa en el tipo de desarrollo deportivo que ha tenido Chihuahua y su curso cultural, político, educativo, económico y de seguridad, por supuesto, ha tenido un impacto en el quehacer deportivo

Discurso oficial y derechos humanos en el Operativo Conjunto Chihuahua

La intención de este trabajo es señalar cómo el discurso de los derechos humanos se ha convertido en un campo de batalla ideológico, desarrollado de manera especial en el escenario político y cultural entre aquellos que, ubicándose como los responsables de proveer seguridad a la población, han implementado una estrategia de combate a la criminalidad que se ha traducido en una violación sistemática a los derechos humanos y quienes, por otro lado, han señalado que la guerra ha sido solo un pretexto para implementar una serie de políticas que llevan a la contención y represión social. Si bien, lamentablemente, son diversos los casos de violaciones a los derechos humanos en la historia de nuestro país, nuestra intención aquí es plantear una serie de apuntes respecto al discurso que inhibe y se desinteresa por trazar acciones en respeto de los derechos humanos, tomando por caso lo acontecido en Ciudad Juárez en el marco del Operativo Conjunto Chihuahua (occh)

Characterization of volatile compounds of cooked wild Iberian red deer meat extracted with solid phase microextraction and analysed by capillary gas chromatography - mass spectrometry

Wild Iberian red deer meat demand and interest are increasing and, therefore, an in-depth characterization of meat quality is needed to meet consumer demands. The objective of the present work was to assess, for the first time, the volatile profile of cooked wild sport-hunted Iberian red deer meat. Twenty-three loin samples from male red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) were cooked and the volatile profile was analysed using solid phase microextraction, followed by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fifty-five volatile compounds were found. The major ones in number and relative abundance were aldehydes (84%), followed by alcohols (11%), hydrocarbons (2.4%), ketones (1.7%), furans (0.34%) and sulphur compounds (0.18%). Hexadecanal was the major compound and other long-chain compounds such as (E)-2-tetradecen-1-ol or 2-pentadecanone were also reported in considerable abundance. Several compounds related to grass-based diets were identified (2,3-octanedione, hexadecane or 1-pentadecanol). Odour impact ratio of volatile compounds was calculated and dimethyl trisulphide, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, decanal and dodecanal were the most odorant compounds affecting the flavour of the cooked deer meat.Gobierno Vasco | Ref. IT944-16Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. RTC-2016-5327-2Axencia Galega de Innovación | Ref. IN607A2019/01CYTED | Ref. 119RT056

Gender Training in Movement. Gender Model at the UACJ and its Development in the Bachelor in Sport Training in Ciudad Juarez

El deporte permite una variedad de estrategias de uso social. Una de ellas, el conformarse como una herramienta pedagógica pertinente para constituir una perspectiva de género. Ciertamente, para ello se requiere una política institucional, que constituye acciones, procesos que pueden llegar a influir en una comunidad universitaria. En este trabajo el objetivo es analizar cómo es que se ha desarrollado la Política de género en la Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, con una metodología con enfoque descriptivo desde la revisión de documentos fundantes y operativos de dicha política y aquellas estrategias alternas. Se discute cómo es que este proceso se ubica dentro del Programa de Licenciatura en Entrenamiento Deportivo, en donde se forma a los futuros/as profesores/as de educación física, dentro de un contexto regional, en México, abatido por inseguridad pública y los feminicidios. Se concluye sobre las áreas de oportunidad que la política de género que se desarrolla en la UACJ debe establecer, para constituir una cultura de género que impacte tanto a estudiantes como a docentes.Sport allows a variety of strategies for social use. One of them is to be trained as a relevant pedagogical instrument to constitute a gender perspective. Certainly, this requires an institutional policy which constitutes actions and processes that can influence a university community. In this work, the objective is to analyze how the Gender Policy has been developed at the Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juarez, with a descriptive-approach methodology by means of the review of founding and operational documents of said policy and those alternative strategies. The ways through which this process is located within the Sport Training Bachelor Program is discussed, where future Physical Education teachers are trained within a Mexican regional context, struck down by public insecurity and femicides. The work concludes that the areas of opportunity that the gender policy developed at the UACJ have not yet allowed to establish a broad gender culture, in the training element of trainers themselves at the institution.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Characterization of volatile compounds of cooked wild Iberian red deer meat extracted with solid phase microextraction and analysed by capillary gas chromatography- mass spectrometry

Wild Iberian red deer meat demand and interest are increasing and, therefore, an in-depth characterization of meat quality is needed to meet consumer demands. The objective of the present work was to assess, for the first time, the volatile profile of cooked wild sport-hunted Iberian red deer meat. Twenty-three loin samples from male red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) were cooked and the volatile profile was analysed using solid phase microextraction, followed by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fifty-five volatile compounds were found. The major ones in number and relative abundance were aldehydes (84%), followed by alcohols (11%), hydrocarbons (2.4%), ketones (1.7%), furans (0.34%) and sulphur compounds (0.18%). Hexadecanal was the major compound and other long-chain compounds such as (E)-2-tetradecen-1-ol or 2-pentadecanone were also reported in considerable abundance. Several compounds related to grass-based diets were identified (2,3-octanedione, hexadecane or 1-pentadecanol). Odour impact ratio of volatile compounds was calculated and dimethyl trisulphide, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, decanal and dodecanal were the most odorant compounds affecting the flavour of the cooked deer meat.L.M. thanks the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and the Basque Government for her researcher contract. C.V. thanks the Department of Competitiveness & Economic Development of the Basque Government for his fellowship. Financial support was provided by the Basque (IT944-16) Government. Authors are grateful to the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (Project INCYDEN, grant number RTC-2016-5327-2) and GAIN (Axencia Galega de Innovacion; grant number IN607A2019/01) for their financial support. Special thanks to Carnicas Dibe S.L. for supplying the samples. J.M.L. is member of the Health-yMeat network, funded by (ref. 119RT0568

Multiciliated ependyma recovery through a sequential cell therapy in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus.

Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) is a significant cause for premature children’s morbidity, mortality, and peri/postnatal neurodevelopmental impairment. PHH is mainly triggered by germinal matrix hemorrhages (GMH) and causes germinal matrix and ependyma disfunction. Ependyma constitutes a relevant tissue barrier with roles in cerebrospinal fluid homeostasis, circulation, and neurogenesis, hence situating ependyma as a main target when treating PHH. Clinical treatments are directed to eliminate immediate inflammatory condition triggered by the bleeding, to drain excess of CSF if needed, but not to treat or recover ependyma structure. Ependymal progenitors were obtained from P0 mice. Cells were cultured under specific conditions to enhance either ependymal proliferation or differentiation status. Different GMH/IVH neuroinflammatory conditions were mimed in the ependyma cultures, different stem cell therapies tested and effect on the ependymal differentiation measured. Additionally, ventricular wall explants from mice with induced PHH were obtained and cultured as ex-vivo system of PHH. A combination of stem cells was applied on the tissue to probe its regenerative capabilities on the multiciliated ependyma. All samples were analyzed through immunofluorescence and laser confocal microscopy and quantified. Results show that (i) ependymal progenitors’ maturation is hindered under neuroinflammatory conditions, showing no multiciliated ependyma and (ii) the tested stem cell combination promotes ependymal progenitors’ survival albeit does not alter the differentiation of the selfsame. In summary, it can be stated that the final differentiation of the ependyma is disrupted by the molecular conditions triggered by GMH/IVH, which our proposed cell therapy is able to counteract through increased survival and differentiation in a murine model of experimental PHHJunta de Andalucia (UMA18-FEDERJA-277) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI19/00778), Spain; co-financed by FEDER funds from the European Union, Spain. Also, II-PPITD, Universidad de Malaga, Spain (to JL-dSS); and I-PPITD, Universidad de Málaga, Spain (to LMR-P) Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech