Fabrication and Morphological Characterization of High-Efficiency Blade-Coated Perovskite Solar Modules.

Organo-metal halide perovskite demonstrates a large potential for achieving highly efficient photovoltaic devices. The scaling-up process represents one of the major challenges to exploit this technology at the industrial level. Here, the scaling-up of perovskite solar modules from 5 × 5 to 10 × 10 cm2 substrate area is reported by blade coating both the CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite and spiro-OMeTAD layers. The sequential deposition approach is used in which both lead iodide (PbI2) deposition and the conversion step are optimized by using additives. The PbI2 solution is modified by adding methylammonium iodide (MAI) which improves perovskite crystallinity and pore filling of the mesoporous TiO2 scaffold. Optimization of the conversion step is achieved by adding a small concentration of water into the MAI-based solution, producing large cubic CH3NH3PbI3 grains. The combination of the two modifications leads to a power conversion efficiency of 14.7% on a perovskite solar module with an active area of 47 cm2

Improved Stability of Inverted and Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells with Carbon Electrode

This is an open access article published under an ACS AuthorChoice License, which permits copying and redistribution of the article or any adaptations for non-commercial purposes.We demonstrate highly efficient, stable, and flexible perovskite solar cells of large areas, utilizing a carbon back-contact electrode in a p–i–n cell configuration. We enabled good electronic contact at the interface with carbon by inserting an ultrathin buffer layer before the carbon coating. Solar cells of such structure reach a power conversion efficiency of 15.18% on PET foil (device area of 1 cm2). We performed impedance spectroscopy and transient decay measurements to understand the electron transport characteristics. Furthermore, we demonstrate excellent operational (maximum power point) and thermal (85 °C) stability of these devices over 1000 h of aging

Beyond 17% stable perovskite solar module via polaron arrangement of tuned polymeric hole transport layer

Operational stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is rapidly becoming one of the pressing bottlenecks for their upscaling and integration of such promising photovoltaic technology. Instability of the hole transport layer (HTL) has been considered as one of the potential origins of short life-time of the PSCs. In this work, by varying the molecular weight (MW) of doped poly(triarylamine)(PTAA) HTL, we improved by one order of magnitude the charge mobility inside the HTL and the charge transfer at the perovskite/HTL interface. We demonstrate that this occurs via the enhancement of polaron delocalization on the polymeric chains through the combined effect of doping strategy and MW tuning. By using high MW PTAA doped combining three different dopant, we demonstrate stable PSCs with typical power conversion efficiencies above 20%, retain more than 90% of the initial efficiency after 1080 h thermal stress at 85 °C and 87% of initial efficiency after 160 h exposure against 1 sun light soaking. By using this doping-MW strategy, we realized perovskite solar modules with an efficiency of 17% on an active area of 43 cm2, keeping above 90% of the initial efficiency after 800 h thermal stress at 85 °C. These results, obtained in ambient conditions, pave the way toward the industrialization of PSC-based photovoltaic technology.</p

Breaking 1.7V open circuit voltage in large area transparent perovskite solar cells using bulk and interfaces passivation

Efficient semi-transparent solar cells can trigger the adoption of building integrated photovoltaics. Halide perovskites are particularly suitable in this respect owing to their tunable bandgap. Main drawbacks in the development of transparent perovskite solar cells are the high Voc deficit and the difficulties in depositing thin films over large area substrates, given the low solubility of bromide and chloride precursors. In this work, we develop a 2D and passivation strategies for the high band-gap Br perovskite able to reduce charge recombination and consequently improving the open-circuit voltage. We demonstrate 1cm 2 perovskite solar cells with Voc up to 1.73 V (1.83 eV QFLS) and a PCE of 8.2%. The AVT exceeds 70% by means of a bifacial light management and a record light utilization efficiency of 5.72 is achieved, setting a new standard for transparent photovoltaics. Moreover, we show the high ceiling of our technology towards IoT application due to a bifaciality factor of 87% along with 17% PCE under indoor lighting. Finally, the up-scaling has been demonstrated fabricating 20cm 2 -active area modules with PCE of 7.3% and Voc per cell up to 1.65V

Matching the photocurrent of perovskite/organic tandem solar modules by varying the cell width

Photocurrent matching in conventional monolithic tandem solar cells is achieved by choosing semiconductors with complementary absorption spectra and by carefully adjusting the optical properties of the complete top and bottom stacks. However, for thin film photovoltaic technologies at the module level, another design variable significantly alleviates the task of photocurrent matching, namely the cell width, whose modification can be readily realized by the adjustment of the module layout. Herein we demonstrate this concept at the experimental level for the first time for a 2T-mechanically stacked perovskite (FAPbBr3)/organic (PM6:Y6:PCBM) tandem mini-module, an unprecedented approach for these emergent photovoltaic technologies fabricated in an independent manner. An excellent Isc matching is achieved by tuning the cell widths of the perovskite and organic modules to 7.22 mm (PCEPVKT-mod= 6.69%) and 3.19 mm (PCEOPV-mod= 12.46%), respectively, leading to a champion efficiency of 14.94% for the tandem module interconnected in series with an aperture area of 20.25 cm2. Rather than demonstrating high efficiencies at the level of small lab cells, our successful experimental proof-of-concept at the module level proves to be particularly useful to couple devices with non-complementary semiconductors, either in series or in parallel electrical connection, hence overcoming the limitations imposed by the monolithic structure

Roadmap on commercialization of metal halide perovskite photovoltaics

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) represent one of the most promising emerging photovoltaic technologies due to their high power conversion efficiency. However, despite the huge progress made not only in terms of the efficiency achieved, but also fundamental understanding of the relevant physics of the devices and issues which affect their efficiency and stability, there are still unresolved problems and obstacles on the path toward commercialization of this promising technology. In this roadmap, we aim to provide a concise and up to date summary of outstanding issues and challenges, and the progress made toward addressing these issues. While the format of this article is not meant to be a comprehensive review of the topic, it provides a collection of the viewpoints of the experts in the field, which covers a broad range of topics related to PSC commercialization, including those relevant for manufacturing (scaling up, different types of devices), operation and stability (various factors), and environmental issues (in particular the use of lead). We hope that the article will provide a useful resource for researchers in the field and that it will facilitate discussions and move forward toward addressing the outstanding challenges in this fast-developing field

How to get over 25.5mA cm-2 integrated current density in perovskite solar cells and modules: substrate choice, annealing, additives and passivation strategies investigation

Perovskite Solar Technology is at a turning point, with efficiencies reaching up to 26.1%[1]. These results are obtained on FAPbI3 based perovskite and only by few research centres worldwide, mainly due to a well-known narrow band-gap perovskite structure which is difficult to stabilize [2][3]. In this work, FAPbI3 based perovskite have been investigated under different strategies: 1) substrate choice 2) annealing 3) additives 4) passivationThese optimizations have been used for both flexible and up-scalable devices, reaching highly efficient devices on micro modules size, with an active area of 2.5cm2.</p

How to (Not) Make a Perovskite Solar Panel: A Step-by-Step Process

To date, scientific research on perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and modules (PSMs) has been carried out for more than 10 years. What is still missing in the market potential of this technology is a complete description of the materials needed to connect and fabricate PSMs in order to build a perovskite solar panel. Starting from the state-of-the-art perovskite solar modules, the material and design optimization using different substrates and architecture types, and ending in the lamination of the panel, this work focusses on the study of the feasibility of the fabrication of a perovskite solar panel. A complete description of all steps required will be provided in detail