16 research outputs found
Carbon and MnOâ‚‚ materials on carbon nanofibers cotton textile substrate for hybrid solid-state supercapacitors
This work is focused on the design and development of hybrid solid-state energy storage devices with high capacitive performance. In particular, the work includes, the preparation of carbon composite electrodes based on a carbon nanofibers (CNF) supported on a cotton fabric. The coating of CNF to the cotton cloth is obtained by the dip and dry method. On these so-obtained composite substrates, further layers of activated carbon (Norit A Supra Eur) and manganese oxide (MnO2) material have been subsequenlty deposited to enhance the electrochemical performances of negative and positive electrodes, respectively. The preparation of carbon-based active layers comprises the spreading on the negative CNF-substrate of a slurry containing the activated carbon (AC) material, graphite fibres and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) in N,N dimethylacetamide (DMA). Whereas the positive electrode is prepared by spreading a slurry of MnO2, carbon black, graphite fibers, PVDF in DMA. A 1M Na2SO4 solution impregnated in the porous paper separator (Nippon Kodoshi Corportion, Japan) and a polymer electrolyte membrane (Nafion 115) have been employed as electrolytes. The different supercapacitors were electrochemically characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge (G–CD), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and long-term cycling stability tests.
The hybrid carbon-based textile supercapacitors exhibited capacitance performance of 137 and 120 F/g with the porous separator and Nafion 115 membrane, respectively. Specially, the solid-state (Nafion membrane) hybrid device demonstrated very long stability in cycling (10000 cycles) and holding voltage condition at 1.6 V (more than 100 h). Besides, these textile-based capacitors also showed slow self-discharge.This work was partly financed by FEDER funds through the Competitivity Factors Operational Programme - COMPETE and by national funds through FCT – Foundation for Science and Technology (project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007136). A. J. Paleo acknowledges the European COST Action CA15107- Multi-Functional Nano-Carbon Composite Materials Network (MultiComp) that conceded a Short Term Scientific Mission (STSM) at CNR-ITAE of Messina.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Development of carbon/MnOâ‚‚ coated on nanofiber textile electrodes for hybrid solid-state supercapacitors
This work is focused on the design and development of hybrid solid-state energy storage devices with high capacitive performance. In particular, the work includes, the preparation of carbon composite electrodes based on a carbon nanofibers (CNF) supported on a cotton fabric. The coating of CNF to the cotton cloth is obtained by the dip and dry method. On these so-obtained composite substrates, further layers of activated carbon (Norit A Supra Eur) and manganese oxide (MnO2) material have been subsequenlty deposited to enhance the electrochemical performances of negative and positive electrodes, respectively. The preparation of carbon-based active layers comprises the spreading on the negative CNF-substrate of a slurry containing the activated carbon (AC) material, graphite fibres and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) in N,N dimethylacetamide (DMA). Whereas the positive electrode is prepared by spreading a slurry of MnO2, carbon black, graphite fibers, PVDF in DMA. A 1M Na2SO4 solution impregnated in the porous paper separator (Nippon Kodoshi Corportion, Japan) and a polymer electrolyte membrane (Nafion 115) have been employed as electrolytes. The different supercapacitors were electrochemically characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge (G–CD), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and long-term cycling stability tests.
The hybrid carbon-based textile supercapacitors exhibited capacitance performance of 137 and 120 F/g with the porous separator and Nafion 115 membrane, respectively. Specially, the solid-state (Nafion membrane) hybrid device demonstrated very long stability in cycling (10000 cycles) and holding voltage condition at 1.6 V (more than 200 h). Besides, these textile-based capacitors also showed really slow self-discharge.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Ghrelin proteolysis increases in plasma of men, but not women, with obesity
Aims: Since plasma ghrelin can undergo des-acylation and proteolysis, the aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which an enhancement of these reactions is associated to the decrease of ghrelin in plasma after food intake or in individuals with obesity. Main methods: we performed an intervention cross-sectional study, in which levels of ghrelin, desacyl-ghrelin (DAG), glucose, insulin, ghrelin des-acylation and ghrelin proteolysis were assessed in plasma before and after a test meal in 40 people (n = 21 males) with normal weight (NW, n = 20) or overweight/obesity (OW/OB, n = 20). Key findings: Preprandial ghrelin and DAG levels were lower, whereas preprandial ghrelin proteolysis was ∼4.6-fold higher in plasma of males with OW/OB. In males, ghrelin proteolysis positively correlated with glycemia. Ghrelin and DAG levels were also lower in females with OW/OB, but preprandial ghrelin proteolysis was not different between females with NW or OW/OB. Ghrelin and DAG levels decreased postprandially in males and females, independently of BMI, and ghrelin proteolysis increased postprandially ∼2 folds only in individuals with NW. Ghrelin des-acylation remained unaffected by BMI or feeding status in both sexes. Significance: Current study shows that ghrelin proteolysis increases in males with obesity as well as after meal in lean individuals. Therefore, ghrelin proteolysis may be an important checkpoint and, consequently, a putative pharmacological target to control circulating ghrelin levels in humans.Fil: Fittipaldi, Antonela Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnicas. Centro CientÃfico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones CientÃficas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular; ArgentinaFil: Castrogiovanni, Daniel Cayetano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnicas. Centro CientÃfico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones CientÃficas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular; ArgentinaFil: Lufrano, Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnicas. Centro CientÃfico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones CientÃficas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular; ArgentinaFil: Saenz, Camila. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnicas. Centro CientÃfico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones CientÃficas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular; ArgentinaFil: de Francesco, Pablo Nicolás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnicas. Centro CientÃfico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones CientÃficas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular; ArgentinaFil: Lalonde, Tyler. Western University; CanadáFil: Luyt, Leonard G.. Western University; CanadáFil: Cantel, Sonia. Université Montpellier II; FranciaFil: Fehrentz, Jean Alain. Université Montpellier II; FranciaFil: Andreoli, Maria Florencia. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital de Niños "Sor MarÃa Ludovica" de La Plata. Instituto de Desarrollo e Investigaciones Pediátricas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnicas. Centro CientÃfico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Perello, Mario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnicas. Centro CientÃfico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones CientÃficas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular; Argentin
Plasma levels of ghrelin, des-acyl ghrelin and LEAP2 in children with obesity: Correlation with age and insulin resistance
Objective: The octanoylated peptide hormone ghrelin regulates appetite and glycaemic control. Des-acyl ghrelin abolishes some effects of ghrelin, but does not bind to ghrelin receptor. LEAP2 is a novel ligand for ghrelin receptor that blocks the effects of ghrelin. Some evidences show that plasma levels of these peptides are altered adults with obesity, but their levels in childhood obesity remain poorly studied. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess fasting plasma levels of ghrelin, des-acyl ghrelin and LEAP2 in children with normoweight, overweight/obesity and their association with different anthropometric and metabolic variables. Design: A total of 42 females and 40 males, ages 3-12 years-old were enrolled as a cross-sectional cohort. Results: Plasma levels of des-acyl ghrelin and LEAP2 (but not ghrelin) were lower and ghrelin/des-acyl ghrelin ratio was higher in children with overweight/obesity. Des-acyl ghrelin negatively correlated with age, BMI z-score, insulin and HOMA index, and the correlations were stronger in children with overweight/obesity. LEAP2 levels negatively correlated with BMI z-score. No gender differences were found. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that ghrelin tone is increased in childhood obesity, due to a decrease on plasma levels of des-acyl ghrelin and LEAP2, and that des-acyl ghrelin is associated to insulin resistance, particularly in children with overweight/obesity.Fil: Fittipaldi, Antonela Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnicas. Centro CientÃfico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones CientÃficas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular; ArgentinaFil: Hernandez, Julieta. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital de Niños "Sor MarÃa Ludovica" de La Plata. Instituto de Desarrollo e Investigaciones Pediátricas; ArgentinaFil: Castrogiovanni, Daniel Cayetano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnicas. Centro CientÃfico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones CientÃficas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular; ArgentinaFil: Lufrano, Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnicas. Centro CientÃfico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones CientÃficas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular; ArgentinaFil: de Francesco, Pablo Nicolás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnicas. Centro CientÃfico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones CientÃficas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular; ArgentinaFil: Garrido, Verónica. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital de Niños "Sor MarÃa Ludovica" de La Plata. Instituto de Desarrollo e Investigaciones Pediátricas; ArgentinaFil: Vitaux, Patrick. Bertin Technologies; FranciaFil: Fasano, MarÃa Victoria. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Matemáticas; Argentina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital de Niños "Sor MarÃa Ludovica" de La Plata. Instituto de Desarrollo e Investigaciones Pediátricas; ArgentinaFil: Fehrentz, Jean Alain. Bertin Technologies; Francia. Université Montpellier II; FranciaFil: Fernández, Adriana. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital de Niños "Sor MarÃa Ludovica" de La Plata. Instituto de Desarrollo e Investigaciones Pediátricas; ArgentinaFil: Andreoli, MarÃa F.. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital de Niños "Sor MarÃa Ludovica" de La Plata. Instituto de Desarrollo e Investigaciones Pediátricas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Perello, Mario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnicas. Centro CientÃfico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones CientÃficas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologÃa Celular; Argentin
New Insights into Properties of Methanol Transport in Sulfonated Polysulfone Composite Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
Methanol crossover through a polymer electrolyte membrane has numerous negative effects on direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) because it decreases the cell voltage due to a mixed potential (occurrence of both oxygen reduction and methanol oxidation reactions) at the cathode, lowers the overall fuel utilization and contributes to long-term membrane degradation. In this work, an investigation of methanol transport properties of composite membranes based on sulfonated polysulfone (sPSf) and modified silica filler is carried out using the PFG-NMR technique, mainly focusing on high methanol concentration (i.e., 5 M). The influence of methanol crossover on the performance of DMFCs equipped with low-cost sPSf-based membranes operating with 5 M methanol solution at the anode is studied, with particular emphasis on the composite membrane approach. Using a surface-modified-silica filler into composite membranes based on sPSf allows reducing methanol cross-over of 50% compared with the pristine membrane, making it a good candidate to be used as polymer electrolyte for high energy DMFCs
Nafion® and Fumapem® polymer electrolytes for the development of advanced solid-state supercapacitors
Selectivity of Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Membranes
Sulfonic acid-functionalized polymer electrolyte membranes alternative to Nafion® were developed. These were hydrocarbon systems, such as blend sulfonated polyetheretherketone (s-PEEK), new generation perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) systems, and composite zirconium phosphate–PFSA polymers. The membranes varied in terms of composition, equivalent weight, thickness, and filler and were investigated with regard to their methanol permeation characteristics and proton conductivity for application in direct methanol fuel cells. The behavior of the membrane electrode assemblies (MEA) was investigated in fuel cell with the aim to individuate a correlation between membrane characteristics and their performance in a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). The power density of the DMFC at 60 °C increased according to a square root-like function of the membrane selectivity. This was defined as the reciprocal of the product between area specific resistance and crossover. The power density achieved at 60 °C for the most promising s-PEEK-based membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) was higher than the benchmark Nafion® 115-based MEA (77 mW·cm−2 vs. 64 mW·cm−2). This result was due to a lower methanol crossover (47 mA·cm−2 equivalent current density for s-PEEK vs. 120 mA·cm−2 for Nafion® 115 at 60 °C as recorded at OCV with 2 M methanol) and a suitable area specific resistance (0.15 Ohm cm2 for s-PEEK vs. 0.22 Ohm cm2 for Nafion® 115)
Selectivity of Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Membranes
Sulfonic acid-functionalized polymer electrolyte membranes alternative to Nafion® were developed. These were hydrocarbon systems, such as blend sulfonated polyetheretherketone (s-PEEK), new generation perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) systems, and composite zirconium phosphate–PFSA polymers. The membranes varied in terms of composition, equivalent weight, thickness, and filler and were investigated with regard to their methanol permeation characteristics and proton conductivity for application in direct methanol fuel cells. The behavior of the membrane electrode assemblies (MEA) was investigated in fuel cell with the aim to individuate a correlation between membrane characteristics and their performance in a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). The power density of the DMFC at 60 °C increased according to a square root-like function of the membrane selectivity. This was defined as the reciprocal of the product between area specific resistance and crossover. The power density achieved at 60 °C for the most promising s-PEEK-based membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) was higher than the benchmark Nafion® 115-based MEA (77 mW·cm−2 vs. 64 mW·cm−2). This result was due to a lower methanol crossover (47 mA·cm−2 equivalent current density for s-PEEK vs. 120 mA·cm−2 for Nafion® 115 at 60 °C as recorded at OCV with 2 M methanol) and a suitable area specific resistance (0.15 Ohm cm2 for s-PEEK vs. 0.22 Ohm cm2 for Nafion® 115)
Electrochemical Performance of Symmetric Solid-State Supercapacitors Based on Carbon Xerogel Electrodes and Solid Polymer Electrolytes
For the development and optimization of solid-state symmetrical supercapacitors, herein, we propose using carbon-based electrodes and sodium- and lithium-form Aquivion electrolyte membranes, which serve as the separator and electrolyte. Carbon xerogels, synthesized using microwave-assisted sol-gel methodology, with designed and controlled properties were obtained as electrode materials. Commercial activated carbon (YP-50F, “Kuraray Europe” GmbH) was used as the active material for comparison. Notably, the developed solid-state symmetrical supercapacitors provide sufficiently high specific capacitances of 105–110 F g−1 at 0.2 A g−1, along with an energy density of 4.5 Wh kg−1 at 300 W kg−1, and a voltage window of 0–1.2 V in aqueous environments, also demonstrating an excellent cycling stability for up to 10,000 charge/discharge cycles. These results can demonstrate the potential applications of carbon xerogel as the active electrode material and cation exchange membrane as the electrolyte in the development of solid-state supercapacitor devices