Sunflower meal and supplementation of enzyme complex in diets for growing and finishing pigs

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a inclusão de farelo de girassol e a suplementação de complexo enzimático sobre os parâmetros de desempenho e características de carcaça de suínos, dos 30 aos 100 kg de peso vivo. Foram utilizados 96 suínos com peso vivo médio de 32,19±3,27 kg, distribuídos em um delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4 x 2 (quatro níveis de farelo de girassol-FG: 0, 8, 16 e 24% com ou sem inclusão do complexo enzimático-CE), com seis repetições e dois animais por unidade experimental. As variáveis analisadas foram o consumo de ração (kg), o ganho de peso (kg), a conversão alimentar (kg/ kg), a espessura de toucinho (mm), a musculosidade (kg), o peso da carcaça quente (%), a porcentagem de carne magra na carcaça (%), a quantidade de carne magra na carcaça (kg). Não houve nenhuma interação entre os fatores para nenhuma das variáveis estudadas. A conversão alimentar dos animais dos 30 aos 70 kg de peso foi diminuída pela inclusão do CE, porém não afetou os parâmetros de carcaça. Níveis crescentes de FG na ração apresentaram efeito quadrático sobre o ganho de peso dos animais e sobre a espessura de toucinho, com valores máximos dessas variáveis em 7,26% e 8,16% de inclusão do FG, respectivamente. Aiming to evaluate the performance of pigs from 30 to 100 kg of live a total of 96 pigs with average live weight of 32.19±3.27 kg were distributed in randomized blocks design in a 4 × 2 (four levels of SM: 0, 8, 16 and 24%; with or without inclusion of EC)  factorial arrangement with six replicates and two animals per experimental unit. The parameters analyzed were feed intake (kg), weight gain (kg), feed conversion (kg/kg), backfat thickness (mm), carcass muscularity (kg), hot carcass weight (%), percentage of lean meat in the carcass (%), and quantity of lean meat in the carcass (kg). There was no interaction between EC and SM levels in the diet. The addition of EC in the diet affected the performance of the animals, but not carcass characteristics. Feed conversion of animals from 30 to 70 kg weight was improved by the inclusion of EC. The increasing levels of SM in the diet presented quadratic effect on weight gain and on backfat thickness, with inclusion points of SM that promoted maximum values of these parameters of 7.26% and 8.16%, respectively.

Sunflower meal and supplementation of enzyme complex in diets for growing and finishing pigs

Aiming to evaluate the performance of pigs from 30 to 100 kg of live a total of 96 pigs with average live weight of 32.19±3.27 kg were distributed in randomized blocks design in a 4 × 2 (four levels of SM: 0, 8, 16 and 24%; with or without inclusion of EC)  factorial arrangement with six replicates and two animals per experimental unit. The parameters analyzed were feed intake (kg), weight gain (kg), feed conversion (kg/kg), backfat thickness (mm), carcass muscularity (kg), hot carcass weight (%), percentage of lean meat in the carcass (%), and quantity of lean meat in the carcass (kg). There was no interaction between EC and SM levels in the diet. The addition of EC in the diet affected the performance of the animals, but not carcass characteristics. Feed conversion of animals from 30 to 70 kg weight was improved by the inclusion of EC. The increasing levels of SM in the diet presented quadratic effect on weight gain and on backfat thickness, with inclusion points of SM that promoted maximum values of these parameters of 7.26% and 8.16%, respectively.

Supplementation of probiotics in broiler diets: performance and digestibility of protein

Dois experimentos foram realizados no Setor de Avicultura do Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa a fim de avaliar o efeito da suplementação de probióticos em dietas de frangos de corte sobre o desempenho dos animais e sobre os coeficientes de digestibilidade da materia seca e da proteína bruta das dietas. No primeiro experimento foram utilizados 2016 pintos de corte machos, da linhagem Cobb, de 01 a 42 dias de idade, distribuídos em um delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, contendo 12 tratamentos no esquema fatorial 6 x 2 (inclusão ou não de diferentes aditivos nas dietas e dois níveis de energia metabolizável), com 8 repetições e 21 aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: T1 e T7= Controle negativo (CN); T2 e T8 = CN + BMD 11% (CP); T3 e T9 = CN + CHCC11407 (CN + P1); T4 e T10= CN + DSM17299 - Gallipro® (CN + P2); T5 e T11= CN + DSM 19489 HLB (CN + P3); T6 e T12= CP na fase inicial e crescimento e P2 na fase de terminação. As dietas dos tratamentos de 1 a 6 foram formuladas seguindo as recomendações das Tabelas Brasileiras, enquanto que as dietas dos tratamentos de 7 a 12 foram calculadas reduzindo os níveis de energia metabolizável em 100 kcal/kg de ração. O nível energético da ração afetou as características de desempenho de frangos de corte independentemente da suplementação ou não com probióticos ou antibiótico em todas as fases de criação, sendo que as rações com menor nível de energia metabolizável proporcionaram às aves maior consumo de ração (entre 1,21 a 2,37%), redução no ganho de peso em 2,37% e consequentemente piorou a conversão alimentar em 1,32 a 3,58% dependendo da fase de criação. A adição do probiótico DSM19489 na ração de frangos de corte em condições de desafio sanitário mostrou-se eficiente no desempenho zootécnico das aves já que apresentou melhora de 2,32% no ganho de peso e junto com o probiótico CHCC11407 melhoraram em média 2,29% a conversão alimentar, assim como também aumentaram o índice de eficiência produtiva em 5,07 e 5,26% respectivamente. No segundo experimento foi realizado um ensaio de metabolismo utilizando 480 animais em delineamento em blocos casualizados, sendo os tratamentos iguais ao do primeiro experimento, com 8 repetições e 5 aves por unidade experimental. A adição do probiótico e do antibiótico nas dietas de frangos de corte em condições de desafio sanitário, mostrou-se eficiente, proporcionando melhora de 6,79% e 3,64% respectivamente, nos coeficientes de digestibilidade da matéria seca e da proteína bruta aparente.Two experiments were conducted in the poultry unit of the department of animal science in the Federal University of Viçosa to evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation in broiler diets in the performance of the animals and in the digestibility of dry matter and crude protein of the diets. In the first experiment 2016 Cobb male broiler chicks were used from 01 to 42 days of age, distributed in a randomized complete block design with twelve treatments in a factorial sketch 6 x 2 (inclusion or not of the probiotics in the diets and two levels of metabolizable energy) with eight repetitions of twenty-one birds each. The treatments used were T1 and T7= Negative control (NC); T2 and T8= NC + BMD 11% (PC); T3 and T9= NC + CHCC11407 (NC + P1); T4 and T10= NC + DSM17299 - Gallipro® (NC + P2); T5 and T11= NC + DSM 19489 HLB (NC + P3); T6 and T12= NP and P2 in the finishing phase. The diets of the treatments 1 to 6 were formulated according the recommendations of the brazilian tables, meanwhile the treatments 7 to 12 were calculated by reducing the metabolizable energy levels in 100 kcal/kg of the feed. The energy level of the feed affected the performance characteristics of the broilers regardless the supplementation or not with probiotics or antibiotics in all the stages of life, and the diets with lower metabolizable energy levels provided a higher feed intake in the birds (from 1.21 and 2.37%), reduction in the weight gain in a 2.37% and consequently the feed conversion got worse and went from 1.32 to 3.58%, depending of the stage of life. The addition of probiotic DSM19489 in broilers feed in a challenging sanitary condition proved to be efficient in the performance of the birds due to the improvement in the weight gain in a 2.32% and together with the probiotic CHCC11407 improved 2.29% in average the feed conversion and also increased the productive efficiency rate in 5.07% and 5.26% respectively. The second experiment performed was a metabolism assay using 480 animals in a randomized block design, the treatments being the same to those from the first experiment, with eight repetitions of five birds per experimental unit. The addition of the probiotics and antibiotics in broiler diets in terms of challenge in sanitary conditions, proved to be efficient, providing an improvement of 6.79% and 3.64% respectively in the digestibility of dry matter and apparent crude protein.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológic

Effect of different digestible isoleucine/lysine ratios for broiler chickens

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate different digestible isoleucine/lysine ratios on diets for broiler chickens in the starter (7 to 21 days) and finishing (30 to 43 days) phases. For the tests, the experimental design was of randomized blocks with seven treatments (six different digestible isoleucine/lysine ratios and a control treatment) and eight repetitions of 25 and 20 birds (COBB males) per experimental unit in the starter and finishing phases, respectively. The diets met the requirements, except for isoleucine and lysine. To avoid excess lysine in the experimental diets, the digestible lysine content was calculated to be 87% and 89% of the recommended for the starter and finishing phases, respectively. The control treatment was adequate in lysine and isoleucine. Feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion and carcass yield in the two phases were evaluated. There was quadratic effect of different ratios on feed intake in the finishing phase and on weight gain and feed conversion rate in both phases. There was quadratic effect on breast meat yield and breast fillets in the starter phase, but there was no significant effect on carcass yield in the finishing phase. The digestible isoleucine/lysine ratio recommended for broilers in the starter phase (7 to 21 days) is 66% and for the finishing phase (30 to 43 days), it is 68%