25 research outputs found

    Rare lichens, mosses, liverworts and fungi from the Republic Sakha (Yakutia), Russia

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    The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is situated in the north-east of Siberia. The area of Yakutia (3 103 200 km2) occupies one-fifth of the Russian Federation’s territory. In total 1984 species of vascular plants, 523 of mosses, 199 of liverworts, 703 of lichens, 911 of fungi and 2476 of algae are known in Yakutia. Among them 19 species of vascular plants, 6 of mosses, 8 of liverworts, 2 of lichens, and 2 species of fungi are included in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation (2008). In this study all currently available information about locations of red-listed mosses, hepatics, lichens, and fungi on the territory of the Sakha Republic, is provided. Diverse climatic and edaphic conditions of Yakutia provide a wide range of ecological niches for the growth of species of different ecological requirements. Most of the rare species included in the Red Data Book of Russian Federation have narrow ecological amplitude. Majority of the species was recorded in mountain ecosystems on rocky outcrops, especially on limestone, at the banks of rivers and streams, and in old-growth boreal forests

    Climate Change, Growth, and California Wildfire

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    Large wildfire occurrence and burned area are modeled using hydroclimate and landsurface characteristics under a range of future climate and development scenarios. The range of uncertainty for future wildfire regimes is analyzed over two emissions pathways (the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios [SRES] A2 and B1 scenarios); three global climate models (Centre National de Recherches MĂ©tĂ©orologiques CM3, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory CM21 and National Center for Atmospheric Research PCM2); a mid‐range scenario for future population growth and development footprint; two model specifications related to the uncertainty over the speed and timing with which vegetation characteristics will shift their spatial distributions in response to trends in climate and disturbance; and two thresholds for defining the wildland‐urban interface relative to housing density. Results were assessed for three 30‐year time periods centered on 2020, 2050, and 2085, relative to a 30‐year reference period centered on 1975. Substantial increases in wildfire are anticipated for most scenarios, although the range of outcomes is large and increases with time. The increase in wildfire area burned associated with the higher emissions pathway (SRES A2) is substantial, with increases statewide ranging from 57 percent to 169 percent by 2085, and increases exceeding 100 percent in most of the forest areas of Northern California in every SRES A2 scenario by 2085. The spatial patterns associated with increased fire occurrence vary according to the speed with which the distribution of vegetation types shifts on the landscape in response to climate and disturbance, with greater increases in fire area burned tending to occur in coastal southern California, the Monterey Bay area and northern California Coast ranges in scenarios where vegetation types shift more rapidly.National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Regional Integrated Science and Assessment Program for California, United StatesCalifornia Climate Change Center/[CEC-500-2009-046-F]//Estados UnidosUnited States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station///Estados UnidosNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Regional Integrated Science and Assessment Program for California///Estados UnidosUCR::VicerrectorĂ­a de InvestigaciĂłn::Unidades de InvestigaciĂłn::Ciencias BĂĄsicas::Centro de Investigaciones GeofĂ­sicas (CIGEFI

    Whole genome sequence data of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia SCAID WND1-2022 (370)

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    The whole genome sequence of a hospital infection agent, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia SCAID WND1-2022 (370), is reported. Raw PacBio generated reads and the genome sequence were deposited at NCBI under BioPro- ject PRJNA754843. The genome comprises two replicons: 4,880,425 bp long chromosome comprising 4524 proteins and functional RNA coding genes and 38,606 bp long plasmid containing 40 CDS. Both replicons were methylated at third cytosine residues of AC C TC motifs. The taxonomic provenance of SCAID WND1-2022 (370) was determined by calculating sequence similarity to the reference genomes at NCBI that showed the highest 97.35% identity to S. maltophilia ISMMS4. Many antibiotic resistance and virulence genes were identi- fied on the chromosome of S. maltophilia SCAID WND1-2022 (370), which include multiple efflux pumps, beta-lactamases, and genes involved in biofilm formation. The plasmid se- quence was dissimilar to any known plasmid and seemingly was acquired from a distant microorganism. Plasmid-born genes possibly contributed to the virulence of the pathogens, but not to its drug resistance.The Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan.http://www.elsevier.com/locate/dibam2023BiochemistryGeneticsMicrobiology and Plant Patholog

    Complete genome sequences of gram-positive opportunistic pathogens isolated from hospitals in Almaty, Kazakhstan

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    The genomes are available from NCBI BioProject number PRJNA754843 under the accession numbers shown in Table 1.The appearance of drug-resistant pathogens reduces the therapeutic applicability of antibiotics and increases the rate of hospital infections among patients. Complete genome sequences of four Gram-positive clinical isolates of Streptococcus and Staphylococcus were obtained and analyzed to serve as model microorganisms for further studies on drug-induced antibiotic resistance reversion.Sequencing was funded by grant BR09458960 of the program “Study of Reversion of Antibiotic Resistance of Pathogenic Microorganisms” provided by the Industrial Development Committee of the Ministry of Industry and Infrastructure Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan.https://journals.asm.org/journal/mraam2023BiochemistryGeneticsMicrobiology and Plant Patholog

    Masonic Gnostic Myth in M.A.Bulgakov’s Novel “The Master and Margarita”

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    A classic text always gives rise to various interpretations and most assuredly such profound and monumental one as the novel by M.A. Bulgakov. Despite decided success of contemporary Bulgakov scholars, it cannot be claimed that investigation of the novel’s philosophy and ontology is completed. To our opinion, one of the most interesting possible interpretations of the text is not its evaluation in terms of canonicity/noncanonicity of Yeshua and indisputable “heterodoxness” from the viewpoint of Orthodox Church, but an attempt to find other spiritual traditions in the novel, polemical or parallel to Orthodox Christianity, especially gnostic traditions and motives. Thus, gnostic sources of the novel, its space-time structure, concept of the individual, traditions of humanism (in reference to the new “socialistic humanism” of the power), motives of Sophia the image of Margarita, mythologeme of the Master and his death still remain unclear. The article suggests an analysis of the great novel’s motive structure in regard to the gnostic myth typified in it

    Changes in the Differentiation Program of Birch Cambial Derivatives following Trunk Girdling

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    The mechanisms regulating the tree trunk radial growth can be studied in original experiments. One technique for studying cambium activity (the meristem involved in radial growth) under conditions of an increased photoassimilate level is trunk girdling. We girdled the trunks of 17- to 22-year-old silver birch plants (Betula pendula Roth var. pendula) during the active growth period and collected xylem and phloem samples at two height levels (1 cm and 35 cm) above girdle, 10, 20, and 30 days after girdling. We investigated the changes that occurred at the anatomical level, as well as the activities of sucrose-metabolizing enzymes and antioxidant-system enzymes and the expression of genes that encode proteins involved in sucrose and auxin transport and metabolism. A moderate increase in photoassimilates (35 cm above the girdle) resulted in a change in the ratio of phloem to xylem increments and an increase in the proportion of parenchyma in the conducting tissues. The increase of photoassimilates above the level at which they can be used in the processes of normal tissue growth and development (1 cm above the girdle) led to xylogenesis suppression and the stimulation of phloem formation, a significant increase in the parenchyma proportion in the conducting tissues, and formation of large sclereid complexes. The differentiation of parenchyma and sclereid cells coincided with biochemical and molecular markers of abnormal conducting tissue formation in Karelian birch, which are also characterized by high proportions of parenchyma and sclereid near the cambium. The results obtained are important in understanding the cambium responses to the photoassimilate distribution changes and estimating tree productivity and survival under changing environmental conditions

    Seroepidemiology and molecular epidemiology of enterovirus 71 in Russia.

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    Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is an emerging human pathogen causing massive epidemics of hand, foot and mouth disease with severe neurological complications in Asia. EV71 also circulates in Europe, however it does not cause large outbreaks. The reason for distinct epidemiological patterns of EV71 infection in Europe and Asia and the risk of EV71 epidemic in Europe and Russia remain unknown. Seroepidemiology of EV71 and molecular epidemiology of occasional EV71 isolates were studied to explore circulation of EV71 in Russia. In six regions of Russian Federation, seroprevalence of EV71 in sera collected in 2008 ranged from 5% to 20% in children aged 1-2 years and from 19% to 83% in children aged 3-5 years. The seroprevalence among elder children was significantly higher (41-83% vs. 19-27%) in Asian regions of Russia. EV71 strains identified in Russia in 2001-2011 belonged to subtypes C1 and C2, while genotype C4 that was causing epidemics in Asia since 1998 emerged in 2009 and became dominant in 2013

    Pseudoalteromonas maricaloris sp. nov., isolated from an Australian sponge, and reclassification of [Pseudoalteromonas aurantia] NCIMB 2033 as Pseudoalteromonas flavipulchra sp. nov

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    A marine, Gram-negative, aerobic bacterium that produced cytotoxic, lemon-yellow, chromopeptide pigments that inhibited the development of sea urchin eggs has been isolated from the Australian sponge Fascaplysinopsis reticulata Hentschel. The cells of the organism were rod-shaped with a single polar flagellum and they required NaCl for growth (0.5--10%) with optimum growth at 1--3% NaCl. The temperature for growth was 10--37 degrees C, with optimum growth at 25--30 degrees C. Growth occurred at pH values from 6.0 to 10.0, with optimum growth at pH 6.0--8.0. Major phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine. Of 26 fatty acids with 11--19 carbon atoms that were detected, 16:1omega7, 16:0, 17:1omega8 and 18:1omega7 were predominant. The DNA G+C content was 38.9 mol%. All of these phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characters place the organism in the genus Pseudoalteromonas (Gauthier et al., 1995). These data are consistent with the phylogenetic analyses that confirmed that strain KMM 636(T) is a member of the Pseudoalteromonas cluster in the gamma-subclass of the Proteobacteria. DNA--DNA hybridization experiments revealed that the levels of relatedness between the DNA of the strain studied and DNAs of type strains of the species that clustered together (on the basis of 16S rDNA sequences) and [Pseudoalteromonas aurantia] NCIMB 2033 ranged from 19 to 35%, and that the DNA--DNA homology between [P. aurantia] NCIMB 2033 and other phylogenetically and/or phenotypically similar type strains ranged from 32 to 52%. According to the polyphasic evidence presented in this study, it is proposed that strain KMM 636(T) (=LMG 19692(T)=CIP 106859(T)) be classified as Pseudoalteromonas maricaloris sp. nov. and [P. aurantia] NCIMB 2033 be reclassified as Pseudoalteromonas flavipulchra NCIMB 2033(T) (=KMM 3630(T)=LMG 20361(T)) sp. nov

    Sampling territories (shaded on the map), the number of sampled sera, sociogeographic conditions in the study regions, prevalence and mean geometric titers of antibodies to EV71 in children aged 1–2 and 3–5 years.

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    <p>Social and economic status of the regions is provided according to the official census and statistical data. Climate zone is indicated in accordance with Köppen classification. Dfb, warm summer continental, even annual rainfall; Dfc, continental subarctic, even annual rainfall; Dwb, warm summer continental, low winter rainfall. Isolations sites of EV71 strains presented in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0097404#pone-0097404-g002" target="_blank">Fig. 2</a> are indicated with empty circles. Significance of Fisher's exact test comparing seroprevalence in younger and elder age groups is indicated above the bars of the seroprevalence graph; comparison regions are indicated by first letters. Only significant values are shown; * indicates p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001.</p
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