The trafficking and targeting of P2X receptors

The functional expression of P2X receptors at the plasma membrane is dependent on their trafficking along secretory and endocytic pathways. There are seven P2X receptor subunits, and these differ in their subcellular distributions because they have very different trafficking properties. Some are retained within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), while others are predominantly at the cell surface or within endosomes and lysosomes. Changes in recruitment of receptors to and from the plasma membrane provides a way of rapidly up- or down-regulating the cellular response to adenosine triphosphate (ATP). An additional layer of regulation is the targeting of these receptors within the membranes of each compartment, which affects their stability, function and the nature of the effector proteins with which they form signaling complexes. The trafficking and targeting of P2X receptors is regulated by their interactions with other proteins and with lipids and we can expect this to vary in a cell-type specific manner and in response to changes in the environment giving rise to differences in receptor activity and function

Exhibition review Punk’s 40th anniversary — an itchy sort of heritage

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Glimpsing queer history

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Thoughts on Pride: no coal dug

Pride tells the story of a group of London lesbian and gay activists who offer their support to the striking miners in Dulais, South Wales. This article reflexively uncovers the layers through which the story of LGSM has been remembered, forgotten, and re-remembered through its personal and political connections

The 2011 riots: a story of community, locality, subculture and music, demystifying the mainstream media and politicians’ descriptions of feral youth, nihilistic gang culture, thug life and ignorance

The rioting of 2011 started in London and spread to a number of other cities in the UK. Experts gathered in Bristol recently to explore the links between popular music, civic unrest and communities, considering both the 2011 and unrest in the 1980s. In this post Peter Webb and Lucy Robinson, on behalf of the Subcultures Network, summarise the discussion and shares findings, showing how interpretations by the media and politicians fail to tell the real story of the riots

Leaving Care: Unaccompanied AsylumSeeking Young Afghans Facing Return

Unaccompanied asylum-seeking children in the United Kingdom approach adulthood knowing that they will be encouraged or even forced to return to their countries of birth. Drawing on a project that promoted voluntary return to Afghanistan, we use interviews with twelve young people, professionals working in the Home Office and in education, local authorities, and voluntary-sector agencies to describe a complex area of immigration policy. We show how the state’s obligations as “corporate parent” clash with increasingly punitive migration controls and with growing political scrutiny of public spending. We propose education as a way to prepare young people for futures as global citizens in either country of settlement or of origin

Making Sense of Bournewood

The judgment of the European Court of Human Rights in HL v UK has been understood by some commentators as making it unlawful, without the use of formal legal powers, to give treatment in a psychiatric hospital to a person who lacks capacity to consent and over whom the mental health professionals directly involved are exercising complete and effective control. This understanding follows from a reading of the judgment which equates complete and effective control with deprivation of liberty for the purposes of Article 5 of European Convention on Human Rights. If this interpretation is correct, the same principle would apply to people living in nursing homes who require a high level of care and supervision and who lack capacity. While the former could be formally detained in hospital (or a ‘registered establishment’) under the Mental Health Act 1983, the Act’s detention powers do not extend to other care settings.This article suggests that to understand the European Court of Human Rights' judgment in HL v UK it is necessary to take account of the unusual facts of the case. It is suggested that it does not follow from the judgment that the admission of a compliant incapacitated patient will necessarily deprive that person of liberty for the purpose of Article 5. The Government’s initial responses to the judgment fails to distinguish admissions which do engage Article 5 from those which do not. It is suggested that the Government should provide guidance to assist mental health professionals and others to make this distinction in individual cases

The Effect of Mood-Context on Visual Recognition and Recall Memory

Although it is widely known that memory is enhanced when encoding and retrieval occur in the same state, the impact of elevated stress/arousal is less understood. This study explores mood-dependent memory's effects on visual recognition and recall of material memorized either in a neutral mood or under higher stress/arousal levels. Participants’ (N = 60) recognition and recall were assessed while they experienced either the same or a mismatched mood at retrieval. The results suggested that both visual recognition and recall memory were higher when participants experienced the same mood at encoding and retrieval compared with those who experienced a mismatch in mood context between encoding and retrieval. These findings offer support for a mood dependency effect on both the recognition and recall of visual information

A skilled manager, strategic to real estate financing

The manager’s skills is a critical factor that has immense influence on the organisation’s ability to source funding for real estate projects. The contemporary manager in the real estate sector needs managerial talents to be able to access financing for real estate projects, given the complexities of the prevailing global financial markets.  The aim of this paper is to identify the nature and type of skill-sets required by managers involved in sourcing funding for real estate projects. The methodology adopted is a desk review of relevant literature, systematic analysis of the manager and managerial skills sets. The study found that some of the skills required are innate but others need to be developed through training, education and experience.  The findings shows that the manager and his team should obtain a comprehensive mix of human, technical, conceptual, political and financial management skills to continually have access to funding for real estate projects. The study contributes to the field by presenting a novel blend of manager’s skills, fundamental to accessing funding for real estate projects. This study developed a skills funding matrix for accessing funding, which could act as a guide to decision makers on skills training needs and assessment for managers that are responsible for sourcing project funding for real estate firms.  Recommendations for the industry and academia are proffered

The Matched Education Dataset project: Methodology and lessons learned

Objectives There are separate data collections across education phases in Wales. Each use a different unique learner identifier. The matched education project used advanced data linking methods to produce a set of pseudo identifiers for each learner that can be matched back to the original datasets to undertake specific, anonymous analysis. Methods The first phase of the project involved data cleaning, preparation, and the creation of new derived linking variables. The second phase of the project established the linking methodology, developing and making the most of advanced data linking techniques including frequency matching and phonetic string comparators. At each stage of the project the data linking was sequential, ranging from exact matching on all key variables to more fuzzy matching. During the code development the approach was uniquely tailored to each data set and constantly fine-tuned to ensure the highest possible match rate while reducing potential for false matches. Results The resulting data sets are used in a number of ways for statistical and research purposes to support the formation of evidence-based policies. This includes research into raising the compulsory education age and the evaluation of learner journeys during the pandemic. Robust linked data facilitates analysis examining the progression of learners through the education system in Wales. This has so far included published analysis on learner outcomes during the pandemic, and internal analysis looking at these outcomes by Free School Meal status. Additionally, there is a broad scope of future analysis planned and the outputs of the matched education data set project will be used extensively in the evaluation of learner journeys post pandemic which will be inform Welsh policy. Conclusion The matched education dataset project involved learning and upskilling in data linkage methodology and brought new data linking skills. We are keen to share lessons learned widely with the hope of improving the quality of data linkage projects and to reflect on the impact of data quality