NATAÇÃO ESTILO CRAWL: UMA SUGESTÃO DE ENSINO PARA FACILITAR O APRENDIZADO DAS AULAS DE NATAÇÃO

O estilo crawl da natação é conhecido no mundo todo por ser de mais fácil aprendizagem, sendo atualmente a modalidade de nado praticada nas provas de nado livre (DURAN, 2005). O nome crawl é de origem australiana. Seu surgimento veio através da percepção de Dick Cavill membro de família de nadadores australianos ao observar que o batimento simultâneo das pernas e braços que atrasava a propulsão contínua, assim, Cavill descobriu que alternando o movimento das pernas e braços resultaria em aumento da velocidade melhorando a propulsão(COLWIN, 2000)

ASPECTOS PSICOLÓGICOS QUE INFLUENCIAM NA CONCENTRAÇÃO DE JOGADORES DE TÊNIS

O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar quais são os aspectos psicológicos capazes de influenciar na concentração de jogadores de tênis durante uma partida de campeonato.  Participaram do estudo transversal 51 atletas amadores, com idade mínima de 18 anos, sendo 12% mulheres e 88% homens, que participaram da 5ª etapa do Mampituba Open de Tênis em Criciúma Os participantes responderam um questionário com doze perguntas relacionadas a aspectos que potencialmente podem desconcentrar o jogador durante uma partida de campeonato. Para análise dos dados, foi utilizada estatística descritiva simples utilizando o valor de referencia percentual total. Nossos resultados demostraram que para 33% dos participantes frequentemente não conseguem desenvolver nos jogos o que fazem nos treinamentos; 82% frequentemente  jogam  melhor quando jogam sem medo de errar; 47% frequentemente tem dificuldades para ganhar o último ponto do set ou do jogo Como conclusão apontamos que o medo de errar e a pressão do ultimo ponto são os aspectos que mais influenciam na concentração dos jogadores durante uma partida de tênis em campeonato

Effects of aquatic exercise on mental health, functional autonomy and oxidative stress in depressed elderly individuals: A randomized clinical trial

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aquatic exercise on mental health, functional autonomy and oxidative stress parameters in depressed elderly individuals. METHODS: Initially, ninety-two elderly individuals were included in the study and were allocated into the depression group (n=16) and nondepression group (n=14). Both groups engaged in the aquatic exercise program for 12 weeks, including two weekly sessions (45 min/session) at a low intensity (between 50% and 60% of maximal heart rate or Borg scale scores of 13 to 14) throughout the intervention. All outcomes were evaluated at baseline and 12 weeks later. RESULTS: The patients were 63.5±8.8 years old. The following scores were decreased after training in the depressed group: depression (53%), anxiety (48%), and Timed Up & Go (33%). The following scores increased: Berg Balance Scale (9%) and flexibility (44%). Regarding the blood-based parameters, there were decreases in protein carbonylation (46%) and nitric oxide (60%) and increases in glutathione (170%) and superoxide dismutase (160%) in the depression group (po0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The aquatic exercise program reduces depression and anxiety, improves functional autonomy and decreases oxidative stress in depressed elderly individuals

<b>Preventive and therapeutic effects of physical exercise on bleomycin-induced lung injury and oxidative stress</b>

Studies have shown that regular physical exercise of moderate intensity is an important tool for the control of pulmonary oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to examine the preventive and therapeutic effect of physical exercise on oxidative stress in the lungs of mice exposed to bleomycin (BLM). Thirty-six male mice (CF1, 30-35 g) received a single endotracheal dose of BLM (2.5 U/kg body weight dissolved in 0.25 mL 0.9% NaCl) or saline (0.9% NaCl) and were divided into six groups (n=6): untrained saline or BLM, preventive training saline or BLM, and therapeutic training saline or BLM. The trained groups underwent a program of progressive exercise on a treadmill for 8 weeks (up to 17 m.min-1, 50 min.day-1). The preventive group started the exercise program 62 days before the administration of BLM and the therapeutic group 62 days after the administration of BLM. All animals were killed by decapitation 48 hours after the experimental period, and the right lung was surgically removed for the determination of biochemical parameters. Hydroxyproline content, TBARS level, protein carbonylation, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were analyzed. The results showed that preventive and therapeutic training led to a significant reduction in hydroxyproline content and inhibited the increase in oxidative damage to lipids and proteins. However, only therapeutic training decreased SOD and CAT activities in mice exposed to BLM. The results suggest that preventive and therapeutic physical exercise is able to minimize pulmonary oxidative stress induced by BLM

Estudo de caso de um programa individualizado de natação em cadeirante portador de poliomielite: análise de parâmetros bioquímicos, qualidade de vida e capacidade física funcional

Resumo Objetivo investigar os efeitos de um programa de natação supervisionado sobre parâmetros bioquímicos, qualidade de vida e capacidade física funcional em cadeirante portador de poliomielite. Metodologia Estudo de caso longitudinal com dois indivíduos portadores de poliomielite, do sexo feminino, submetidos a um programa de natação de 12 semanas, com frequência de duas sessões semanais e duração das aulas de 60 minutos. Foram feitas análises bioquímicas através de hemograma, parâmetros de qualidade de vida, com o SF-36 e testes de aptidão física funcional de alcançar atrás das costas e arremesso. As avaliações foram feitas 48 horas antes e após o programa de treinamento. Resultados O programa de natação reduziu em 19% o colesterol, 18% o triglicerídeo, 11% a glicose, 42% os níveis de ansiedade. Concomitantemente, aumentou a saúde geral em 13%, a mental em 11%, a força de membros superiores em 10% e a flexibilidade em 23%

Preventive and therapeutic effects of physical exercise on bleomycin-induced lung injury and oxidative stress

Studies have shown that regular physical exercise of moderate intensity is an important tool for the control of pulmonary oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to examine the preventive and therapeutic effect of physical exercise on oxidative stress in the lungs of mice exposed to bleomycin (BLM). Thirty-six male mice (CF1, 30-35 g) received a single endotracheal dose of BLM (2.5 U/kg body weight dissolved in 0.25 mL 0.9% NaCl) or saline (0.9% NaCl) and were divided into six groups (n=6): untrained saline or BLM, preventive training saline or BLM, and therapeutic training saline or BLM. The trained groups underwent a program of progressive exercise on a treadmill for 8 weeks (up to 17 m.min-1, 50 min.day-1). The preventive group started the exercise program 62 days before the administration of BLM and the therapeutic group 62 days after the administration of BLM. All animals were killed by decapitation 48 hours after the experimental period, and the right lung was surgically removed for the determination of biochemical parameters. Hydroxyproline content, TBARS level, protein carbonylation, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were analyzed. The results showed that preventive and therapeutic training led to a significant reduction in hydroxyproline content and inhibited the increase in oxidative damage to lipids and proteins. However, only therapeutic training decreased SOD and CAT activities in mice exposed to BLM. The results suggest that preventive and therapeutic physical exercise is able to minimize pulmonary oxidative stress induced by BLM

<b>Effect of different frequencies weekly training on parameters of oxidative stress</b>. DOI: 10.5007/1980-0037.2012v14n1p52

During the muscle contraction induced by exercises there is an increase in the reactive oxygen species production, causing oxidative stress in several organs, including liver and heart. The exercise may can increases antioxidant defenses and decrease oxidative stress in these organs. However, the number of the sessions a week necessary to improve the parameters of oxidative stress is not to well defined. The aim of the study was to investigate the frequency effects of exercise performed two and three times a week on changes in biomarkers of oxidative stress in the liver and heart. Were used 18 male mice (CF1), young (30 to 35g) and divided into groups (n=6/group): not trained (NT) trained twice a week (T2) and trained three times a week (T3). The animals were subjected to training for eight weeks. Forty-eight hours after the last session, the animals were killed. The liver and heart were removed and stored in - 70°C. Were analyzed the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, protein carbonyls, content of total thiols, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Our findings showed that the group T3 reduced oxidative damage. There was increase in content of total thiols, superoxide dismutase and catalase in the T3 group when compared to NT. The glutathione peroxidase activity showed no significant difference between groups. This study demonstrated that only the frequency of training performed three times a week was able to reduces oxidative damage and increases the efficiency of antioxidant system of mic

Avaliação sérica de danos musculares e oxidativos em atletas após partida de futsal

O futsal é uma modalidade esportiva que requer súbita aceleração e desace-leração com brusca mudança de direção. Este esporte expõe seus praticantes a grandes impactos, causando danos musculares e oxidativos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar os níveis séricos de marcadores de danos musculares e oxidativos em atletas após jogo de futsal. Participaram do estudo, seis atletas de futsal, com idade média (21,2 ± 0,98 anos), peso (67,1 ± 5,5 kg) e altura (171,0 ± 0,07 cm). As coletas foram obtidas 30 minutos antes do jogo 1 (Pré-jogo); imediatamente após o jogo 1 (pós-jogo 1) e imediatamente após o segundo jogo (pós-jogo 2), que foi realizado 24 horas após o jogo 1. O soro foi utilizado para avaliações séricas de creatina quinase, dano protéico e lipídico. As concentrações de creatina quinase, peroxidação lipídica (xilenol) e carbonilação de proteína (carbonil) foram significativamente maiores após o término dos jogos 1 e 2, quando comparadas aos valores pré jogo. Os valores de sulfidrila foram menores após o término dos jogos 1 e 2, quando comparados aos valores pré jogo. Nenhuma diferença foi observada quando comparados os valores após jogo 1 e o jogo 2 em todos os parâmetros analisados. Coletivamente, os resultados demonstram que a partida de futsal provoca danos musculares e oxidativos. Surpreendentemente, não houve incremento nos parâmetros avaliados ao final do jogo 2. Devido ao reduzido conhecimento em relação ao tempo de recuperação após uma partida de futsal, acredita-se que este estudo seja de grande importância para os profissionais que trabalham com esse esporte.

Effect of different frequencies weekly training on parameters of oxidative stress

During the muscle contraction induced by exercises there is an increase in the reactive oxygen species production, causing oxidative stress in several organs, including liver and heart. The exercise may can increases antioxidant defenses and decrease oxidative stress in these organs. However, the number of the sessions a week necessary to improve the parameters of oxidative stress is not to well defined. The aim of the study was to investigate the frequency effects of exercise performed two and three times a week on changes in biomarkers of oxidative stress in the liver and heart. Were used 18 male mice (CF1), young (30 to 35g) and divided into groups (n=6/group): not trained (NT) trained twice a week (T2) and trained three times a week (T3). The animals were subjected to training for eight weeks. Forty-eight hours after the last session, the animals were killed. The liver and heart were removed and stored in - 70°C. Were analyzed the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, protein carbonyls, content of total thiols, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Our findings showed that the group T3 reduced oxidative damage. There was increase in content of total thiols, superoxide dismutase and catalase in the T3 group when compared to NT. The glutathione peroxidase activity showed no significant difference between groups. This study demonstrated that only the frequency of training performed three times a week was able to reduces oxidative damage and increases the efficiency of antioxidant system of mice