Effect of the intra-alveolar administration of dexamethasone on swelling, trismus, and pain after impacted lower third molar extraction:a randomized, double-blind clinical trial

To evaluate the efficacy of intra-alveolar administration of dexamethasone 4 mg in the control of edema, trismus, and pain resulting from the extraction of impacted lower third molars and the drug permeability through the oral mucosa by in silico prediction. The randomized, double-blind, split-mouth clinical trial included patients who had both impacted lower third molars in equivalent positions. Hemiarches were divided into control side when dexamethasone was administered orally and experimental side when dexamethasone was administered using the intra-alveolar route. Patients were evaluated considering edema, trismus, and pain. The permeability of dexamethasone through the oral mucosa was assessed by in silico prediction. Student?s t-test was selected for comparative analysis of edema and trismus, and the chi-square test analyzed the distribution of postoperative pain between the sides. There were no significant differences between the routes of administration in measuring symptoms between the pre and postoperative times (p>0.05). In silico prediction suggested that dexamethasone molecular characteristics facilitate intra-alveolar administration. Intra-alveolar administration had similar efficacy to oral administration in controlling symptoms of post-surgical inflammation of impacted lower third molars

Down-regulation of protease activated receptor 2, interleukin-17 and other pro-inflammatory genes by subantimicrobial doxycycline dose in a rat periodontitis model

Subantimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD) has been used as an adjunct in periodontal treatment due to its matrix metalloproteinase inhibition properties. Although the benefits of SDD therapy, such as improvement in the parameters of periodontal probing depth and clinical attachment level, have been proven in multiple clinical studies, the comprehension of other biological mechanisms of action on periodontitis remains poorly investigated. Therefore, this animal model study evaluated the effects of SDD monotherapy on the expressions of the following key pro-inflammatory genes: Proteinase-Actived Receptor-2 (PAR2), Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), and. IL-1β. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to: A) Control group: no ligature-induced periodontitis and no treatment; B) Ligature group: ligature-induced periodontitis and placebo treatment and C) Ligature + doxycycline group: ligature-induced periodontitis and SDD treatment. After the experimental time, animals were sacrificed and Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction was performed to analyze the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-17, TNF-α, and PAR2 in gingival tissue samples. Histological analyses were performed on the furcation region and mesial gingiva of mandibular first molars to measure periodontal bone loss and collagen content. SDD administration significantly downregulated PAR2, IL-17, TNF-α, and IL-1β mRNA expressions (p<0.05). In addition, SDD treatment was accompanied by lower rates of alveolar bone loss (p<0.05) and by maintenance of the amount of gingival collagen fibers. These findings reveal new perspectives regarding SDD efficacy since it can be partially related to pro-inflammatory gene expression modulation, even considering PAR2 and IL-17, which has not been investigated thus far.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Fluoxetine Inhibits Inflammatory Response and Bone Loss in a Rat Model of Ligature-Induced Periodontitis

Background: Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, has been found recently to possess anti-inflammatory properties. The present study investigates the effects of fluoxetine on inflammatory tissue destruction in a rat model of ligature-induced periodontal disease.Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into three groups (n = 10 animals per group): 1) control rats (without ligature); 2) rats with ligature + placebo (saline; oral gavage); and 3) rats with ligature + fluoxetine (20 mg/kg/day in saline; oral gavage). Histologic analyses were performed on the furcation region and mesial aspect of mandibular first molars of rats sacrificed at 15 days after ligature-induced periodontal disease. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and zymography were performed to analyze the mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1 beta, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and inducible nitric oxide synthase and the MMP-9 activity, respectively, in gingival tissues samples.Results: Compared to the ligature + placebo group, alveolar bone loss was reduced in the fluoxetine group (P <0.05), and the amount of collagen fibers in the gingival tissue was maintained. Moreover, in gingival tissue sampled 3 days after ligature attachment, fluoxetine administration reduced IL-1 beta and COX-2 mRNA expression. Fluoxetine downregulated MMP-9 activity, without affecting MMP-9 mRNA expression induced by ligature, compared to the ligature + placebo group (P <0.05). These data suggest that fluoxetine suppressed proinflammatory responses, as well as proteolytic enzyme activity, induced by ligature.Conclusion: In the present study, fluoxetine suppresses the inflammatory response and protects against periodontal bone resorption and destruction of collagen fibers, suggesting that fluoxetine can constitute a promising therapeutic approach for periodontal diseases. J Periodontol 2012;83:664-671.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors attenuate the antigen presentation from dendritic cells to effector T lymphocytes

Made available in DSpace on 2019-09-12T16:53:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011NIH, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial ResearchFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fluoxetine, one of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), has been found to possess immune modulation effects, in addition to its antidepressant effects. However, it remains unclear whether SSRIs can suppress the antigen-presenting function of dendritic cells (DCs). Therefore, Fluoxetine was applied to a co-culture of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa)-reactive T cells (x Aa-T) isolated from Aa-immunized mice and DCs. This resulted in the suppressed proliferation of x Aa-T stimulated with Aa-antigen presentation by DCs. Specifically, Fluoxetine increased the extracellular 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the x Aa-T/DC co-culture, whereas exogenously applied 5-HT promoted T-cell proliferation in the x Aa-T/DC co-culture, indicating that Fluoxetine-mediated suppression of x Aa-T/DC responses cannot be attributed to extracellular 5-HT. Instead, Fluoxetine remarkably suppressed the expression of costimulatory molecule ICOS-L on DCs. Fluoxetine also promoted a greater proportion of CD86(Low) immature DCs than CD86(High) mature DCs, while maintaining the expression levels of CD80, MHC-class-II and PD-L1. These results suggested that Fluoxetine suppressed the ability of DCs to present bacterial antigens to T cells, and the resulting T-cell proliferation, in a SERT/5-HT-independent manner and that diminished expression of ICOS-L on DCs and increase of CD86(Low) immature DCs caused by Fluoxetine might be partially associated with Fluoxetine-mediated suppression of DC/T-cell responses.[Branco-de-Almeida, Luciana S.; Kajiya, Mikihito; Cardoso, Cristina R.; Silva, Marcelo J. B.; Ohta, Kouji; Han, Xiaozhe; Taubman, Martin A.; Kawai, Toshihisa] Forsyth Inst, Dept Immunol, Boston, MA USA[Branco-de-Almeida, Luciana S.; Rosalen, Pedro L.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Piracicaba Dent Sch, Dept Physiol Sci, Campinas, SP, Brazil[Kajiya, Mikihito; Ohta, Kouji; Kawai, Toshihisa] Harvard Univ, Sch Dent Med, Dept Oral Med Infect & Immun, Boston, MA 02115 USA[Cardoso, Cristina R.] Univ Fed Triangulo Mineiro, Dept Biol Sci, Uberaba, MG, Brazil[Franco, Gilson C. N.] Universidade de Taubaté (Unitau), Dept Oral Bio