Caracterização e aceitação sensorial de frozen yogurt formulado com polpa de laranjinha de pacu (Pouteira glomerata (Miq.) Radlk) e culturas probióticas.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar e avaliar um frozen yogurt com polpa de laranjinha de pacu concentrada e culturas probióticas lioflizadas (Lactobacillus acidophilus e Bifdobacterium sp.). A composição físico-química da polpa de laranjinha de pacu e do produto elaborado foi determinada, assim como análise microbiológica e sensorial. Os teores de sólidos totais, proteínas e gordura do frozen yogurt encontrados estão de acordo com o estabelecido pela legislação vigente para gelados comestíveis. Em relação à análise microbiológica, após 30 dias de armazenamento, o mesmo apresentou número de células viáveis necessárias para ser caracterizado como produto probiótico. Assim, o frozen yogurt formulado constitui-se em um alimento probiótico com alto valor nutricional e funcional, e índice de aceitabilidade superior a 80% nos atributos avaliados: sabor, aroma, textura e aparência

O efeito da irradiação na qualidade e no aumento da vida util de cortes de peito de frango (Pectoralis major) refrigerados

Orientador: Mauro Faber de Freitas LeitãoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de AlimentosResumo: Caixas de papelão contendo cortes de peito de frango sem pele e sem ossos, previamente acondicionadas em bandejas de poliestireno expandido, com aproximadamente 200 gramas por bandeja e recobertas por filme de polietileno, foram submetidas à irradiação com 60CO,utilizando-se equipamento Nordion JS 7500. As amostras foram expostas a doses de 1,5; 3,0 e 7,OkGy, sendo irradiadas na modalidade estática a 0° e 180. em relação ao feixe de irradiação. Para avaliar a homogeneidade das doses de irradiação um conjunto de 18 dosímetros de alanina+parafina por tratamento foi colocado dentro das caixas com as amostras. Outro conjunto de dosímetros foi irradiado na faixa de 1 a 10kGy para elaboração da curva de resposta. Após a irradiação, os peitos de frango foram armazenados a 5:t1°C durante 39 dias, sendo submetidos a análises microbiológicas (contagem total de bactérias aeróbias psicrotróficas, bolores e leveduras, Pseudomonas spp, enterobacteriaceas totais e bactérias lácticas) em 10 períodos diferentes ao longo do armazenamento. Os resultados obtidos revelaram um comportamento linear dos dosímetros de alanina+parafina-nafaixa de 1 a 10kGy de irradiação. Com base nas avaliações microbiológicas as amostras controle tiveram vida útil de 5 dias, observando-se um ganho na vida útil de 1,75; 4,40 e 7,0 vezes para as amostras irradiadas com 1,5; 3,0 e 7,OkGy, respectivamente. Constatou-se uma alteração crescente do odor de queimado à medida que se aumentavam as doses de irradiação, indicando a dose de 3kGy como a mais recomendável para se garantir um produto com maior vida útil e sem alterações perceptíveis no aspecto sensorial. Simultaneamente, foram realizadas análises físicas, químicas e físico-químicas de pH, colorimetria e prova de TBARSAbstract: Kraft paper boxes containing 10 expanded polystyrene trays with 200g skinless deborned chicken brest each were irradiated with 60COsource of a Nordion JS7500 irradiator. The trays were previously wrapped with polyethylene film. The samples were exposed to 1,5, 3,0 e 7,0 kGy doses in the static mode at 0° and 180° in relation to the irradiation beam. Set of 18 alanine+paraffin dosimeters per treatment were distribuited inside the boxes for evaluation of irradiation doses homogeneity. A separeted dose calibration curve was obtained by irradiating ín the range of 1 to 10kGy. After the irradiation, the chicken breasts were stored at 5:!:1°C for 39 days and were analysed microbiologicaly in total psychrotrophic aerobic bacteria, molds and yeast, Pseudomonas spp, Enterobacteriaceae and lactic bacteria counts at 10 periods during the storage. The results revealed a linear behaviour of the alanine+paraffin dosimeters in the range of 1 to 10 kGy irradiations. In regard to the microbiological aspect, compared to the shelf-life of 5 days for the controls, there were shelf-life increasing of 1,75; 4,40 e 7,0 times shelf-life for chicken breasts irradiated with 1,5; 3,0 and 7,OkGy, respectively. There was an increasing change of the smell of bumt as the irradiation doses increased. Thus, 3kGy dose was considered as the ideal dose to assure a longer shelf-life to the product, without perceptible changes in the sensitive aspect. Also were realized physical and chemical analyses with pH, color and TBA valuesMestradoMestre em Tecnologia de Alimento

Influence of ionizing radiation (60Co) on the physical-chemical, microbiological and sensory keeping quality characteristics of raw chiken thigh and chiken breast fillets packed in different packaging systems

Orientador: Arnaldo Yoshiteru KuayeTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de AlimentosResumo: Lotes de amostras de cortes de coxa e de filé de peito de frango, previamente acondicionadas sob diferentes sistemas de embalagens (recobertas por filme de alta permeabilidade ao oxigênio (AR), em vácuo (VC) e em atmosfera modificada (AM) com CO2 e N2) foram submetidas à irradiação ionizante com uma fonte de 60Co. Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência do processo sobre a vida útil e manutenção da qualidade foram avaliados parâmetros físico-químicos, microbiológicos e sensoriais das amostras processadas e armazenadas sob refrigeração a temperatura de 7±1ºC por períodos de 42 dias (AR) e três meses (VC e AM). Os tratamentos das amostras de frango por irradiação não promoveram alteraçao de cor, determinada objetivamente, enquanto a oxidação lipídica, avaliada pelas determinações TBARS (substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico) como indicador, apresentaram tendência de valores crescentes, conforme incremento da dose. Os valores de pH das amostrascontrole coxa/AR,VC e AM e peito/AR,VC e AM não apresentaram diferenças significativas durante todo o período de armazenamento. A aplicação da irradiação às amostras de carne de frango acondicionadas em filme de alta permeabilidade ao oxigênio (coxa/AR e peito/AR) e em filme barreira (coxa/VC, peito/VC, coxa/AM e peito/AM) promoveu uma sensível redução de E.coli, Pseudomonas spp, e enterobacteriaceas totais, porém no sistema de embalagem AR as bactérias láticas e os bolores e leveduras apresentaram maior resistência. Nas amostras acondiciondas em filme com barreira (vácuo e atmosfera modificada) as bactérias láticas foram as mais resistentes. Não foi observado em nenhuma amostra o desenvolvimento de Brochothrix thermosphacta e Listeria monocytogenes durante todo o periodo de armazenamento. Os resultados das análises cromatográficas de substâncias oriundas da degradação lipídica revelaram perfis de compostos voláteis similares para amostras submetidas às três condições de atmosfera. O incremento nas doses de irradiação acima de 3kGy, independente do tipo de sistema de embalagem utilizada, promoveu alteração crescente do odor de queimado no produto revelando assim este valor como limite recomendável para a garantia de uma maior vida útil sem alteração sensorial perceptível. Observou-se uma sensível extensão da vida útil das amostras de coxa/AR em 2,8 vezes, peito/AR em 4,0 vezes e em amostras embaladas em filme barreira (coxa/VC, e peito/VC, coxa/AM e peito/AM) em 6,0 vezes superior ao das amostras-controle. O processo de irradiação demonstrou ser uma ferramenta potencial de utilização para extensão da vida útil e melhoria da qualidade de cortes de frangoAbstract: Samples of raw chicken thigh and chicken breast fillets previously packed in different packaging systems [wrapped in high oxygen-permeable film (AIR), vacuum packed (VC) and CO2 and N2 modified-atmosphere-packed (MA)] were submitted to ionizing radiation delivered by a 60Co unit. A series of physical-chemical, microbiological and sensory parameters were evaluated to assess the effect of the radiation process on the shelf-life and keeping quality of chicken cut samples exposed to radiation and subsequently cold-stored at 5±1ºC for 39 days (AIR) and 3 months (VC and MA). The results of instrumental color assessment trials showed that the radiation treatments investigated in this study did not cause any color changes in any of the radiation-treated chicken cuts. On the other hand, lipid oxidation - measured using the TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) content as indicator ¿ exhibited a gradual increase proportional to the increase of the radiation dose. The pH values of the chicken thigh/AIR, VC and MA and chicken breast/AIR, VC and MA control samples did not exhibit any significant differences throughout the storage period investigated. Irradiation of the chicken meat samples packaged in high oxygen-permeable film (chicken thigh/AIR and chicken breast/AIR) and in barrier film (chicken thigh/VC, chicken breast/VC, chicken thigh/MA and chicken breast/MA) resulted in a considerable reduction of E.coli, Pseudomonas spp and total enterobacteria counts, however, lactic acid bacteria, yeasts and moulds demonstrated higher resistance in the AIR packaging system. In the samples packaged in barrier film (vacuum and modified atmospere) the lactic acid bacteria were identified as the most resistant to radiation. None of the samples showed growth of Brochothrix thermosphacta and Listeria monocytogenes throughout the storage period investigated. The results of chromatographic analyses of substances generated by lipid degradation showed similar compound profiles for the samples submitted to the three atmosphere conditions studied. In addition, no migration of substances from the packaging material to the meat samples was detected. Irrespective of the packaging system, increasing the radiation dose to levels above 3kGy resulted in the development of a burnt odor the intensity of which increased with increasing dose values, thereby indicating 3kGy to be a recommendable limit that ensures a product with a long shelf-life and without sensory perceptible changes. While the shelf-life of the control samples of chicken thigh/AIR and chicken breast/AIR was estimated at 5 days, irradiation with increasing doses of 1,5 to 7,0 kGy was found to result in a 1,8 to 7,4-fold increase in the shelf-life, respectively. The irradiation process demonstrated to be a potentially very useful tool to extend the shelf-life and improve the quality of chicken cutsDoutoradoDoutor em Tecnologia de Alimento

Physical, chemical, technological and sensory characteristics of Frankfurter type sausage containing okara flour

The addition of okara flour to an emulsified meat product (Frankfurter type sausage) was evaluated based on the physical, chemical, technological, and sensory characteristics of the final product. Okara, residue from soymilk production, was provided by two soymilk producing companies whose production systems were based on the hot disintegration of the decorticated (company B) or undecorticated (company A) soybeans. The okara was dehydrated using a flash dryer and then ground into flour (>420 µm). However, The okara flours A and B showed approximately the same amount of protein (35 and 40 g.100 g-1 dwb). However, the okara flour A presented higher values (p < 0.05) for all technological functional properties studied (emulsification capacity, emulsion stability, protein solubility, and water hold capacity) than those of okara flour B. The A and B okara flours were used in a frankfurter sausage formulation as substitution of 1.5% and 4% of meat. The results showed that the sausages containing okara flours A and B, as well as the control sausage, were accepted by the sensory panel. Moreover, there were no significant differences (p < 0.05) in the physical (color, objective texture, and emulsion stability) and chemical (pH and proximate composition) measurements of the sausages with and without the okara flour

Antimicrobial activity of hydroalcoholic extracts from genipap, baru and taruma

ABSTRACT: Microbial resistance is a serious public health problem, which has led to the search for alternative treatments to replace antibiotics, including studies to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of species in Brazil’s Cerrado. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of genipap, baru, and taruma against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans using disc diffusion tests and microdilution. Results indicated that all genipap extracts showed inhibition zones and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum microbicidal concentrations (MMCs) ranging between 150μg/mL and 940μg/mL against all microorganisms tested. Baru pulp extracts exhibited larger inhibition zones against S. aureus and MIC and MMC results between 150µg/mL and 1000µg/mL against all microorganisms except P. aeruginosa. The taruma 30% pulp and seed extracts exhibited the largest halos against S. aureus and MIC and MMC results were between 150μg/mL and 1000μg/mL against all microorganisms except C. albicans. All fruits displayed potential for antimicrobial activity, particularly the genipap’s pulp extracts. Further studies should be performed to identify compounds with antimicrobial activity and to test their applicability as preservatives in foods, as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters, and as sanitizing agents

Physical, chemical, technological and sensory characteristics of Frankfurter type sausage containing okara flour Características químicas, físicas, tecnológicas e sensoriais de salsicha tipo Frankfurter enriquecida com farinha de okara

The addition of okara flour to an emulsified meat product (Frankfurter type sausage) was evaluated based on the physical, chemical, technological, and sensory characteristics of the final product. Okara, residue from soymilk production, was provided by two soymilk producing companies whose production systems were based on the hot disintegration of the decorticated (company B) or undecorticated (company A) soybeans. The okara was dehydrated using a flash dryer and then ground into flour (>420 µm). However, The okara flours A and B showed approximately the same amount of protein (35 and 40 g.100 g-1 dwb). However, the okara flour A presented higher values (p < 0.05) for all technological functional properties studied (emulsification capacity, emulsion stability, protein solubility, and water hold capacity) than those of okara flour B. The A and B okara flours were used in a frankfurter sausage formulation as substitution of 1.5% and 4% of meat. The results showed that the sausages containing okara flours A and B, as well as the control sausage, were accepted by the sensory panel. Moreover, there were no significant differences (p < 0.05) in the physical (color, objective texture, and emulsion stability) and chemical (pH and proximate composition) measurements of the sausages with and without the okara flour.<br>Avaliou-se a adição de farinha de okara em produto cárneo emulsionado (salsicha tipo Frankfurter) com base nas características físicas, químicas e sensoriais do produto obtido. O okara, resíduo do processamento de 'leite' de soja, foi fornecido por duas empresas cujos sistemas de produção baseiam-se na desintegração a quente da soja com casca (empresa A) e sem casca (empresa B). O okara foi desidratado em secador flash dryer e moído na forma de farinha (>420 µm). As farinhas de okara A e B apresentaram níveis aproximados de proteína (35 e 40 g.100 g-1 b.s., respectivamente). Entretanto, a farinha de okara A apresentou maiores valores (p < 0,05) para todas as propriedades funcionais tecnológicas estudadas (capacidade de emulsificação, estabilidade da emulsão, solubilidade da proteína e capacidade de retenção de água), em comparação com a farinha de okara B. As farinhas de okara A e B foram adicionadas à formulação de salsicha substituindo 1,5% e 4% do peso de carne, respectivamente. Os resultados mostraram que as salsichas contendo farinhas de okara A e B e a salsicha padrão foram igualmente aceitas pela equipe de provadores. Além disso, não houve diferenças signficativas (p < 0,05) entre as determinações físicas (cor, textura objetiva e estabilidade da emulsão) e químicas (pH e composição centesimal) das salsichas com ou sem farinha de okara

Assessment of trace elements in fishes of Japanese foods marketed in Sao Paulo (Brazil)

In recent years, there has been increasing fish consumption in Brazil, largely due to the popularity of Japanese cuisine. No study, however, has previously assessed the presence of inorganic contaminants in species used in the preparation of Japanese food. In this paper, we determined total arsenic, cadmium, chromium, total mercury, and lead contents in 82 fish samples of Tuna (Thunnus thynnus), Porgy (Pagrus pagrus), Snook (Centropomus sp.), and Salmon (Salmo salar) species marketed in Sao Paulo (Brazil). Samples were mineralized in HNO(3)/H(2)O(2) for As, Cd, Cr and Pb, and in HNO(3)/H(2)SO(4)/V(2)O(5) for Hg. Inorganic contaminants were determined after the validation of the methodology using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP OES); and for Hg, an ICP-coupled hydride generator was used. Concentration ranges for elements analyzed in mg kg(-1) (wet base) were as follows: Total As (0.11-10.82); Cd (0.005-0.047); Cr (0.008-0.259); Pb (0.026-0.481); and total Hg (0.0077-0.9681). As and Cr levels exceeded the maximum limits allowed by the Brazilian law (1 and 0.1 mg kg(-1)) in 51.2 and 7.3% of the total samples studied, respectively. The most contaminated species were porgy (As = 95% and Cr = 10%) and tuna (As 91% and Cr = 10%). An estimation of As, Cd, Pb, and Hg weekly intake was calculated considering a 60 kg adult person and a 350 g consumption of fish per week, with As and Hg elements presenting the highest contribution on diets reaching 222% of provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) for As in porgy and 41% of PTWI for Hg in tuna. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.MAPA-SDA/CNPq (National Board of Scientific and Technological Development