Distribuição Espacial da Precipitação para a Região Sudeste do Estado De Mato Grosso

O sudeste do Estado de Mato Grosso é uma região de grande destaque na produção de grãos para o país, a compreensão de campos regionalizados da precipitação pode ser uma ferramenta de auxilío aos produtores rurais. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo a obtenção desses campos de precipitação para a região. Para tanto, utilizou-se técnicas da geoestatística; com análise variográfica e posterior krigagem ordinária de dados mensais de 22 municípios, gerando-se mapas de campos de precipitação. Os resultados permitiram identificar os menores volumes pluviométricos na porção sudoeste da área de estudo, já a distribuição espacial dos maiores valores de chuva é bastante heterogênea, com forma descontínua e observou-se também várias localidades com precipitação média mensal maior que 200 mm. Os campos gerados permitem a determinação da época e, por conseguinte, da cultura a ser implantada para o aumento da produtividade e garantia da produção agrícola

RELAÇÃO NDVI E PRECIPITAÇÃO NA BACIA DO RIO COXIM - MS

O uso e cobertura vegetal de uma determinada área são dependentes principalmente da disponibilidade hídrica e edáfica da região. Dentre estas, a disponibilidade hídrica apresenta maior variabilidade anual e interanual, ligada aos eventos de precipitação que acabam refletindo no estado/produtividade das plantas. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a variabilidade espaço-temporal do NDVI na bacia do rio Coxim e compreender sua relação com a chuva. Os resultados encontrados mostram que a resposta da vegetação ao acréscimo de precipitação é mais rápida que a observada para a redução dos totais mensais pluviométricos, devido, principalmente, à capacidade de campo dos solos da área. A correlação NDVI-Chuva mensal apresentou valores significativos a 95% de confiança, com máximo para uma defasagem temporal de 2 meses. No entanto, há uma relação mais expressiva entre o NDVI e a chuva integrada em um determinado intervalo de tempo, respondendo mais efetivamente à chuva acumulada de quatro a cinco meses. Os valores de correlação foram mais baixos na região com predominância de agricultura, associado aos curtos ciclos de vida das culturas, além da mistura da resposta espectral, dada a resolução espacial do pixel utilizado (0,1º). Um melhor entendimento do NDVI e sua relação com a precipitação pode ajudar, dentre outros, no gerenciamento da produtividade agrícola, uma vez que o NDVI é um bom indicador do estado e verdor da vegetação, que por sua vez relaciona-se com os processos produtivos da planta. Palavras-chave: Sensoriamento remoto. Processamento digital de imagens. Vegetação. Pantanal brasileiro. Coeficiente de correlação. NDVI and rainfall relationship in the Coxim River Basin - MS The soil cover and the land depend mainly of the water and soil availability of the region. The water availability has higher annual and inter-annual variability than the soil, linked to precipitation events that reflecting the plants state/productivity. The aim of this work is to evaluate the spatial-temporal variability of NDVI in the Coxim river basin and understand its relationship with the rain. The results show that the response of vegetation to the increase of precipitation is faster than observed for the reduction of total monthly rainfall, due mainly to the field capacity of soils in the area. Correlation Rain-monthly NDVI values were significant at 95% confidence with a maximum lag time of 2 months. However, there is a more significant relationship between NDVI and rainfall in an integrated time; rain accumulated four to five months. The correlation was lower in the region with a predominance of agriculture, associated with short life cycles of crops, besides the mixture of the spectral response due the spatial resolution of pixels used (0.1°). A better understanding of NDVI and its relationship with precipitation can help, among others, management of agricultural productivity, since the NDVI is a good indicator of vegetation greenness, which in turn is correlated with the productive processes of the plant. Key words: Remote sensing. Image processing. Vegetation. Brazilian Pantanal. Correlation coefficient

Distribuição Espacial da Precipitação para a Região Sudeste do Estado De Mato Grosso

O sudeste do Estado de Mato Grosso é uma região de grande destaque na produção de grãos para o país, a compreensão de campos regionalizados da precipitação pode ser uma ferramenta de auxilío aos produtores rurais. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo a obtenção desses campos de precipitação para a região. Para tanto, utilizou-se técnicas da geoestatística; com análise variográfica e posterior krigagem ordinária de dados mensais de 22 municípios, gerando-se mapas de campos de precipitação. Os resultados permitiram identificar os menores volumes pluviométricos na porção sudoeste da área de estudo, já a distribuição espacial dos maiores valores de chuva é bastante heterogênea, com forma descontínua e observou-se também várias localidades com precipitação média mensal maior que 200 mm. Os campos gerados permitem a determinação da época e, por conseguinte, da cultura a ser implantada para o aumento da produtividade e garantia da produção agrícola

Análise do fator de risco declividade para a cidade de Niterói – RJ, 1988 e 2009

Given the increasing urban expansion of Brazilian municipalities is necessary to adopt methodologies that employ data available to assess how this phenomenon occurs and support the planning. So this paper presents a methodology for analyzing urban sprawl in the Niteroi city in the period 1988 to 2009 and discover the existence of urban areas where slope classes is not recommended for construction. So, this paper uses the concept of risk factor and the slope used as such. The proposed methodology employs LANDSAT images for the two periods and the digital database of the Niterói City Hall. The methodology consists of activities of image processing and spatial analysis: namely, images registration, classification of urban area in 2009, change detection in the period 1988 -2009, generation of digital terrain model, extraction of slope classes and spatial analysis. As a result it was observed that the urban areas of Niterói are in areas recommended for construction, but there are areas where recent urban expansion was steeper than that permitted. This fact leads to a need for monitoring for those areas not more dense.Pages: 3955-396

Análise do fator de risco declividade para a cidade de Niterói – RJ, 1988 e 2009

Given the increasing urban expansion of Brazilian municipalities is necessary to adopt methodologies that employ data available to assess how this phenomenon occurs and support the planning. So this paper presents a methodology for analyzing urban sprawl in the Niteroi city in the period 1988 to 2009 and discover the existence of urban areas where slope classes is not recommended for construction. So, this paper uses the concept of risk factor and the slope used as such. The proposed methodology employs LANDSAT images for the two periods and the digital database of the Niterói City Hall. The methodology consists of activities of image processing and spatial analysis: namely, images registration, classification of urban area in 2009, change detection in the period 1988 -2009, generation of digital terrain model, extraction of slope classes and spatial analysis. As a result it was observed that the urban areas of Niterói are in areas recommended for construction, but there are areas where recent urban expansion was steeper than that permitted. This fact leads to a need for monitoring for those areas not more dense.Pages: 3955-396

Avaliação da relação FAPAR e chuva em diferentes regiões do país

The vegetation absorbs carbon and radiation to produce biomass, for this are required optimum conditions of the environment. The rain is one of the factors that influence. The aim of this work is the identification of the areas in Brazil where the fraction of radiation that is absorbed by the plant (FAPAR) undergoes major influence of rain. Toward that end, we used two datasets, a temporal series of FAPAR and another of rain. To identify the relationship of these variables, different land cover areas were selected and was realized a cluster analysis for the two datasets; the values were compared and used the points that showed a correspondence in groups. The values in groups were correlated and analyzed. The main results showed that in Northeast and Midwest of the country there is a greater influence of rain on FAPAR, with positive correlations, in the North where it is wetter, in forest areas, the correlations were negative, showing the highest values occur when rainfall decreases and allows a higher incidence of radiation on the surface; in the South there is influence of anothers climate components. The work allowed the perception of the areas that suffer the greatest influence of rainfall.Pages: 1910-191

Estudo da fragmentação florestal da APA Petrópolis, na escala de 1:100.000, a partir de métricas da paisagem em observações de superfície planimétrica e real

The forest fragmentation continues to show an ongoing increase. The anthropic action has been perceived in the principal forests ecosystems in Brazil. The aim of this work is the analysis of the forest fragments in the Environmental Protection Area of Petrópolis (APA Petrópolis) through landscape metrics. To accomplish this work, were used land cover and land use maps of the Ecological-Economic Zoning of Rio de Janeiro (2007), at scale 1:100,000. The forest class was separated and was utilized the minimum area criterion for the identification of forest fragments. After this, the areas, the perimeters and the circularity indexes of fragments were calculated in planimetric and real surfaces. The real surface was obtained by the overlapping of forest fragments in the Digital Elevation Model TOPODATA. In general, the methodology presented showed consistent results and may be used in others studies, involving forest fragmentation. The main results portrayed the variations between the observations in planimetric and real surface became clear in all metrics differences, especially in the area with differences around 50%. The circularity index showed that fragments in real surface are less circular than in planimetric surface. It is assumed that the conservation state of a forest fragment have a different interpretation when observed in real surface.Pages: 3780-378

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora