Urogenital war injuries treated at Medical center in Slavonski Brod

Na Kirurškom odjelu Medicinskog centra Slavonski Brod bilo je tijekom Domovinskog rata hospitalizirano i liječeno 4520 ranjenika, od kojih 91 (2%) zbog urogenitalnih ozljeda. Najčešće zahvaćeni organ bio je bubreg, u 55 (60,4%), a najrjeđe ureter u 3 (3,3%) slučaja. Ozljede bubrega, uretera i mjehura bile su kombinirane s ozljedama abdominalnih organa u 97% slučajeva. Izvršeno je 37 (67%) nefrektomija, a od 18 ozljeda testisa, u 10 je bila izvršena orhidektomija.At the Surgical Department of Slavonski Brod Medical Center, 4520 wounded were hospitalized, 91 of whom (2%) because of urogenital wounds. Kidney injury was the most common (55 cases, i.e. 60.4%) and ureteral injury (3 cases, i.e. 3.3%) the least common. In 97% of cases injuries of the kidney, ureter and bladder were associated with different abdominal injuries. In 37 of 55 kidney injuries (67%) nephrectomy was performed, and 10 of 18 testicular injuries (55.5%) were treated by orchidectomy

Kvalitativna procjena eliminacije TCP-a i TAMORF-a iz organizma štakora metodom GC-MS

Nerve agents are highly toxic organophosphorus (OP) compounds. They inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme that hydrolyses acetycholine (ACh) in the nervous system. Pathophysiological changes caused by OP poisonings are primarily the consequence of surplus ACh on cholinergic receptors and in the central nervous system. Standard treatment of OP poisoning includes combined administration of carbamates, atropine, oximes and anticonvulsants. In order to improve therapy, new compounds have been synthesised and tested. Tenocyclidine (TCP) and its adamantane derivative 1-[2-(2-thienyl)-2-adamantyl] morpholine (TAMORF) have shown interesting properties against soman poisoning. In this study, we developed a qualitative GC-MS method to measure elimination of TCP and TAMORF through rat urine in order to learn more about the mechanisms through which TCP protects an organism from OP poisoning and to determine the duration of this protective effect. GC-MS showed that six hours after treatment with TCP, rat urine contained only its metabolite 1-thienylcyclohexene, while urine of rats treated with TAMORF contained both TAMORF and its metabolites.Živčani bojni otrovi po strukturi su organofosforni (OP) spojevi, čija je zajednička značajka ireverzibilna inhibicija acetilkolinesteraze (AChE), enzima koji hidrolizira acetilkolin (ACh) u živčanom sustavu. Patofi ziološka zbivanja koja nastaju pri otrovanju OP-spojevima primarno su posljedica akumuliranog ACh na kolinergičkim receptorima i u središnjem živčanom sustavu. Još uvijek nesavršen, standardni tretman liječenja otrovanja OP-spojevima uključuje kombiniranu primjenu estera karbamata, atropina, oksima i antikonvulziva. Kako bi se unaprijedila uobičajena terapija, osobito kod otrovanja somanom, ispituju se antidotski učinci mnogih spojeva. Tenociklidin (TCP) i njegov adamantanski derivat TAMORF pokazali su zanimljiva svojstva pomoćne terapije pri otrovanju somanom. Kako bi se proširile dosadašnje spoznaje o načinu na koji tenociklidini štite organizam od trovanja OP-spojevima te također o trajanju njihova antidotskog učinka, u ovom radu razvijena je GC-MS-metoda za praćenje eliminacije TCP-a i TAMORF-a iz organizma. Rezultati GC-MS-analize pokazali su da šest sati nakon tretiranja štakora TCP-om mokraće sadržavaju metabolit TCP-a 1-tienilcikloheksen, dok šest sati nakon tretiranja štakora TAMORF-om mokraće sadržavaju i TAMORF i njegove metabolite. Drugim riječima, šest sati nakon tretmana TCP se potpuno metabolizira, dok se TAMORF metabolizira djelomično, a djelomično ostaje nepromijenjen

Cytogenetic findings in Serbian patients with Turner's syndrome stigmata

Cytogenetic findings are reported for 31 female patients with Turner's syndrome. Chromosome studies were made from lymphocyte cultures. Non-mosaicism 45, X was demonstrated in 15 of these patients, whereas only three were apparently mosaic. Eight patients showed non-mosaic and four patients showed mosaic structural aberrations of the X-chromosome. One non-mosaic case displayed a karyotype containing a small marker chromosome. Conventional cytogenetics was supplemented by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with an X-specific probe to identify the chromosomal origin of the ring and a 1q12-specific DNA probe to identify de novo balanced translocation (1;9) in one patient. To our knowledge, this is the first finding of karyotype 45,X,t(1;9) (cen;cen)/46,X,r(X),t(1;9)(cen;cen) in Turner's syndrome. The same X-specific probe was also used to identify a derivative chromosome in one patient

Mehanizam toksičnosti i detoksikacije organofosfornih spojeva s naglaskom na istraživanja u Hrvatskoj

This review comprises studies on the mechanisms of toxicity and detoxication of organophosphorus (OP) compounds done in Croatia in different research areas. One area is the synthesis of antidotes against OP poisoning and their in vivo testing in experimental animals. In vitro studies included in this review focus on the mechanisms of reversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), protection of cholinesterases from inhibition by OPs, and reactivation of phosphylated cholinesterases. The third area comprises distribution profiles of BChE and paraoxonase (PON) phenotypes in selected population groups and the detection of OPs and metabolites in humans. Finally, methods are described for the detection of OP compounds in human blood and other media by means of cholinesterase inhibitionPrikazana su istraživanja vođena u Hrvatskoj na različitim područjima mehanizma toksičnosti i detoksikacije organofosfornih (OP) spojeva. Jedno je područje sinteza antidota protiv otrovanja OP spojevima i testiranje in vivo antidota na eksperimentalnim životinjama. Istraživanja in vitro odnose se na mehanizam reverzibilne inhibicije acetilkolinesteraze (AChE) i buturilkolinesteraze (BChE), zaštitu kolinesteraza od inhibicije OP spojevima te reaktivaciju fosfiliranih kolinesteraza. Treće je područje distribucija fenotipova BChE i paraoksonaze (PON) u odabranim populacijama te detekcija OP spojeva i njihovih metabolita u ljudima. Na kraju su opisane metode detekcije OP spojeva u ljudskoj krvi i drugim medijima koje se osnivaju na inhibiciji kolinesteraza

Study of the lipophilicity and retention behavior of some beta-adrenoceptor antagonists

The chromatographic behavior of some beta-adrenoceptor antagonists has been studied by RP HPTLC on C-18 with water-acetonitrile (phi = 0.2-0.7) and water-dioxane (phi = 0.1-0.5) mobile phases. The retention mechanism was investigated and retention constants, R-M(0) were determined by extrapolation. Good correlation was obtained between R-M(0) and the slope, m, of chromatographic equations. These retention constants correlated well with log P of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists and can be used as a measure of the lipophilicity of the compounds investigated

UV-densitometric determination of maprotiline, desipramine and moclobemide in pharmaceutical dosage forms

Maprotiline, desipramine and moclobemide are widely used in the treatment of depression. The content of these antidepressants in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulations were determined by TLC and in situ densitometry using a Camag scanner In order to achieve the best condition, mathematical statistical model factorial design was chosen. The partition coefficients, calculated by applying commercial drug design software, were correlated with chromatographic behaviour of these substances. After separation on Silica gel GF(254) using propano-lethanol-ammonium solution (25%) (8:2:0.3 v/v/v) as the mobile phase, the chromatographic zones corresponding to the spots were scanned at 254 nm. Analysing Maprotilin(R) tablets, Pertofran(R) dragees and Auromid(R) film tablets examined the applicability of the method for samples and dosage forms