100 research outputs found
Late-Developing Supernumerary Premolars: Analysis of Different Therapeutic Approaches
This case series describes the different potential approaches to late-developing supernumerary premolars (LDSP). LDSP are supernumerary teeth (ST) formed after the eruption of the permanent dentition; usually they develop in the premolar region of the upper and lower jaw. The choice to extract or to monitor the LDSP depends on many factors and has to be carefully planned due to the several risks that either the monitoring or the extraction could provoke. These four cases of LDSP showed different treatment plan alternatives derived from a scrupulous assessment of the clinical and radiographic information
injuries and complications management with forsus appliance
Introduction: Forsus is a useful appliance for non-compliant Class II problems, however various problems can occur when using them.Objective: To demonstrate a comprehensive series of of critical situations that can occur using the Forsus device and to provide the possible solutions of each complication.Materials & Method: The clinical management of the Forsus appliance was analyzed for eighty consecutively treated patients. The Forsus was used five months on average and pictures and clinical record were registered each time a patient had a problem or an injury.Discussion: The most common problem was breakage of the appliance. Breakage could occur as debonding of the lower first premolars or unsoldering of the upper first molar tubes. Lower premolar debonding could be prevented and fixed with an extra layer of flow composite surrounding the bracket base. Lesions of the cheek mucosa were found in several patients. A soft cotton pad used as "wax" was an effective solution to allow soft tissue healing and to prevent spring rubbing against the cheek. Upper molar intrusion occurred mainly when second molars were not included in the upper arch. Some patients experienceddisconnection of the spring and the push rod while opening the mouth wide. They were taught to self-adjust the appliance.Conclusion: The use of the Forsus appliance may lead to relatively frequent problems that the orthodontist can easily preventand manage
Comparative In Vitro Evaluation of the Primary Stability in D3 Synthetic Bone of Two Different Shapes and Pitches of the Implant Threads
Background: Implant primary stability can be affected by several factors related to implant macrogeometry, local anatomy, and surgical techniques. The aim of this research was to study primary stability on polyurethane foam sheets of wide‐threaded implant design compared to narrow‐threaded implants.
Materials and methods: Two different implant designs were positioned on D3 density polyurethane blocks in a standardized environment: the wide‐threaded implant and the narrow‐threaded implant, for a total of 160 specimens. Moreover, for each group, two different sizes were considered: 3.8mm × 12mm and 4.8mm × 12 mm. The insertion torque (IT) values, the removal strength (RT), and the Periotest analyses were evaluated. Results: A significantly higher IT and RT was reported for wide‐threaded implants and two‐stage implants (p < 0.01), compared to the narrow‐threaded implants. The diameters seemed to provide a significant effect on the primary stability for both implants’ geometry (p < 0.01). A higher mean of the one‐stage implant was evident in the Periotest measurements (p < 0.01).
Conclusions: Both of the implants showed sufficient stability in polyurethane artificial simulation, while the wide‐threaded implant design showed a higher primary stability on alveolar cancellous synthetic bone in vitro. Additionally, the prosthetic joint connection seemed to have a determinant effect on Periotest analysis, and the one‐stage implants seemed to provide a high stability of the fixture when positioned in the osteotomy, which could be important for the immediate loading protocol
Hyperglycemia and angiotensin II cooperate to enhance collagen I deposition by cardiac fibroblasts through a ROS-STAT3-dependent mechanism
AbstractCardiac fibroblasts significantly contribute to diabetes-induced structural and functional changes in the myocardium. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of high glucose (alone or supplemented with angiotensin II) in the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway and its involvement in collagen I production by cardiac fibroblasts. We observed that the diabetic environment 1) enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3; 2) induced nuclear localization of tyrosine phosphorylated STAT3 through a reactive oxygen species-mediated mechanism, with angiotensin II stimulation further enhancing STAT3 nuclear accumulation; and 3) stimulated collagen I production. The effects were inhibited by depletion of reactive oxygen species or silencing of STAT3 in high glucose alone or supplemented with exogenous angiotensin II. Combined, our data demonstrate that increased collagen I deposition in the setting of high glucose occurred through a reactive oxygen species- and STAT3-dependent mechanism. Our results reveal a novel role for STAT3 as a key signaling molecule of collagen I production in cardiac fibroblasts exposed to a diabetic environment
The skin rejuvenation associated treatment-Fraxel laser, Microbotox, and low G prime hyaluronic acid: preliminary results
Minimally invasive facial rejuvenation procedures reached an all-time high in the 2016. This reveals a growing interest in a smoother, younger, and tighter look accessible using the esthetic medicine tools like botulinum toxin and dermal filler injections, laser, and microdermabrasion. Forty-five patients from 35 to 52 years old (medium age 43.8), 38 women and 7 men underwent 5 sessions of Fraxel laser, 1 session of very low G prime HA, and Microbotox injection treatments from January 2016 and January 2017, were included in this study. In this study, we demonstrated that the usage of three treatments together, like mBTX, Volite, and Fractional laser, have a better result despite every single technique alone. The clinical result showed 98% (44 patients, 6 males, 38 females) of the patients had a smoother skin surface, brighter, more hydrated, and elastic skin; 68% of our patients (31 patients, 5 males, 26 females) showed less skin defects and staining as well as less small wrinkles, thanks to Fraxel laser treatment; 98% (44 patients, 6 males, 38 females) showed tighter skin with less sebaceous gland secretion. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that the combination of three techniques acts better and faster than single treatment to contrast facial aging and to improve skin texture and quality
Late-Developing Supernumerary Premolars: Analysis of Different Therapeutic Approaches
This case series describes the different potential approaches to late-developing supernumerary premolars (LDSP). LDSP are
supernumerary teeth (ST) formed after the eruption of the permanent dentition; usually they develop in the premolar region of the
upper and lower jaw.The choice to extract or to monitor the LDSP depends on many factors and has to be carefully planned due to
the several risks that either the monitoring or the extraction could provoke. These four cases of LDSP showed different treatment
plan alternatives derived from a scrupulous assessment of the clinical and radiographic information.
1. Introductio
Orthodontics Surgical Assistance (Piezosurgery®): Experimental Evidence According to Clinical Results
Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is based on intermitted or continuous forces applied to teeth, changing the mechanical loading of the system and arousing a cellular response that leads to bone adaptation. The traditional orthodontic movement causes a remodeling of the alveolar bone and changes in the periodontal structures that lead to tooth movement. The use of a piezoelectric instrument in orthodontic surgery has already shown great advantages. The purpose of this study is to rank the behavior of inflammatory mediators in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement. Ten patients with malocclusion underwent orthodontic surgical treatment, which included a first stage of surgically guided orthodontic movement (monocortical tooth dislocation and ligament distraction, MTDLD) to accelerate orthodontic movements. In all cases, corticotomy was performed by Piezosurgery. Bone and dental biopsy was executed to evaluate changes in the cytokines IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and IL-2 in different time intervals (1, 2, 7, 14 and 28 days). The molecular mediators are IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha and IL-2. Immediately after the surgical procedure there was a mild expression of the three molecular markers, while the assertion of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha reached the maximum value after 24 h and 48 h, indicating a strong activation of the treated tissues. The Piezosurgery® surgical technique induces an evident stress in short times, within 24–48 h from the treatment, but it decreases significantly during the follow-up. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland
One Step before 3D Printing\u2014Evaluation of Imaging Software Accuracy for 3-Dimensional Analysis of the Mandible: A Comparative Study Using a Surface-to-Surface Matching Technique
Abstract: The accuracy of 3D reconstructions of the craniomaxillofacial region using cone beam
computed tomography (CBCT) is important for the morphological evaluation of specific anatomical
structures. Moreover, an accurate segmentation process is fundamental for the physical reconstruction
of the anatomy (3D printing) when a preliminary simulation of the therapy is required. In this
regard, the objective of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of four dierent types of software for the
semiautomatic segmentation of the mandibular jaw compared to manual segmentation, used as a
gold standard. Twenty cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) with a manual approach (Mimics)
and a semi-automatic approach (Invesalius, ITK-Snap, Dolphin 3D, Slicer 3D) were selected for the
segmentation of the mandible in the present study. The accuracy of semi-automatic segmentation was
evaluated: (1) by comparing the mandibular volumes obtained with semi-automatic 3D rendering and
manual segmentation and (2) by deviation analysis between the two mandibular models. An analysis
of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate dierences in mandibular volumetric recordings and for
a deviation analysis among the dierent software types used. Linear regression was also performed
between manual and semi-automatic methods. No significant dierences were found in the total
volumes among the obtained 3D mandibular models (Mimics = 40.85 cm3, ITK-Snap = 40.81 cm3,
Invesalius = 40.04 cm3, Dolphin 3D = 42.03 cm3, Slicer 3D = 40.58 cm3). High correlations were found
between the semi-automatic segmentation and manual segmentation approach, with R coecients
ranging from 0,960 to 0,992. According to the deviation analysis, the mandibular models obtained
with ITK-Snap showed the highest matching percentage (Tolerance A = 88.44%, Tolerance B = 97.30%),
while those obtained with Dolphin 3D showed the lowest matching percentage (Tolerance A = 60.01%,
Tolerance B = 87.76%) (p < 0.05). Colour-coded maps showed that the area of greatest mismatch
between semi-automatic and manual segmentation was the condylar region and the region proximate
to the dental roots. Despite the fact that the semi-automatic segmentation of the mandible showed,
in general, high reliability and high correlation with the manual segmentation, caution should be
taken when evaluating the morphological and dimensional characteristics of the condyles either on
CBCT-derived digital models or physical models (3D printing)
Hyperglycemia activates JAK2 signaling pathway in human failing myocytes via angiotensin II-mediated oxidative stress.
Functional Differences in Visceral and Subcutaneous Fat Pads Originate from Differences in the Adipose Stem Cell
Metabolic pathologies mainly originate from adipose tissue (AT) dysfunctions. AT differences are associated with fat-depot anatomic distribution in subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral omental (VAT) pads. We address the question whether the functional differences between the two compartments may be present early in the adipose stem cell (ASC) instead of being restricted to the mature adipocytes. Using a specific human ASC model, we evaluated proliferation/differentiation of ASC from abdominal SAT-(S-ASC) and VAT-(V-ASC) paired biopsies in parallel as well as the electrophysiological properties and functional activity of ASC and their in vitro-derived adipocytes. A dramatic difference in proliferation and adipogenic potential was observed between the two ASC populations, S-ASC having a growth rate and adipogenic potential significantly higher than V-ASC and giving rise to more functional and better organized adipocytes. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive electrophysiological analysis of ASC and derived-adipocytes, showing electrophysiological properties, such as membrane potential, capacitance and K+-current parameters which confirm the better functionality of S-ASC and their derived adipocytes. We document the greater ability of S-ASC-derived adipocytes to secrete adiponectin and their reduced susceptibility to lipolysis. These features may account for the metabolic differences observed between the SAT and VAT. Our findings suggest that VAT and SAT functional differences originate at the level of the adult ASC which maintains a memory of its fat pad of origin. Such stem cell differences may account for differential adipose depot susceptibility to the development of metabolic dysfunction and may represent a suitable target for specific therapeutic approaches
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