Inside the metropolis: the articulation of Spanish metropolitan areas into local labor markets

In this article, we delimit local labor markets (LLMs) in order to analyze the internal structure and organization of Spanish metropolitan areas. LLMs are defined as self-contained and cohesive areas in terms of commuting flows. Unlike the conventional approach to polycentrism based on the analysis of commuting flows that begins with the identification of subcenters, our analytical strategy does assume any a priori structure and is compatible with the relationship between places of work and residence having other locational and spatial organization patterns. The analysis is performed at three different scales of detail linked to three self-containment levels for the LLMs delimited and three population groups (total, males, and females). The results show that metropolitan areas are complex, fuzzy, multidimensional spaces, where the conditions of spatial organization are manifested in different ways depending on the parameters and variables used.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [grant numbers CSO2011-29943-C03-01, CSO2011-29943-C03-02, CSO2014-55780-C3-1-P, and CSO2014-55780-C3-2-P (National R&D&I Plan)]

LMAs and clusters for Spain 2011 using Improved-GEA method (Database)

Spanish (2011) Labour Market Areas (LMAs) defined through the methodology described in Martínez-Bernabéu L and Casado-Díaz JM (2021) “Automatic delimitation of labour market areas based on multi-criteria optimisation: the case of Spain 2011” (https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083211021104), and the subdivision of such LMAs into clusters of at least 20,000 inhabitants according to the methodology described in Martínez-Bernabéu L and Casado-Díaz JM (2016) “Delineating zones to increase geographical detail in individual response data files: An application to the Spanish 2011 Census of population” (https://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mgr-2016-0008)

Labour Market Areas and cluster subdivision for Spain 2011

Labour market areas (LMAs) are a type of functional areas that provides the appropriate framework for spatially-explicit analyses of the labour market to guide policymaking in this field. This resource presents a data base with the most recent definition of LMAs for Spain using a state-of-the-art methodology. All defined LMAs are highly self-contained in terms of travel-to-work flows and exceed a minimum size compatible with the usual requirements in terms of confidentiality and representativeness, allowing the recoding of microdata geographic referencing and therefore a much greater granularity compared to what is usual for this type of data. It can be downloaded from https://rua.ua.es/dspace/handle/10045/121236.This work was supported by grants PID2020-114896RB-I00 (Agencia Estatal de Investigación, AEI / 10.13039/501100011033; Spanish State Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation 2017-2020) and AICO/2021/062 (Generalitat Valenciana, Department of Innovation, Universities, Science and Digital Society; R&D&I Programme of the Comunidad Valenciana)

Infrared identification of 2XMM J191043.4+091629.4

Context. We report the infrared identification of the X-ray source 2XMM J191043.4+091629.4, which was detected by XMM-Newton/EPIC in the vicinity of the Galactic supernova remnant W49B. Aims. The aim of this work is to establish the nature of the X-ray source 2XMM J191043.4+091629.4 studying both the infrared photometry and spectroscopy of the companion. Methods. We analysed UKIDSS images around the best position of the X-ray source and obtained spectra of the best candidate using NICS in the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG) 3.5-m telescope. We present photometric and spectroscopic TNG analyses of the infrared counterpart of the X-ray source, identifying emission lines in the K-band. The H-band spectra does not present any significant feature. Results. We have shown that the Brackett γ H i at 2.165 μm, and He i at 2.184 μm and at 2.058 μm are significantly present in the infrared spectrum. The CO bands are also absent from our spectrum. Based on these results and the X-ray characteristics of the source, we conclude that the infrared counterpart is an early B-type supergiant star with an E(B − V) = 7.6 ± 0.3 at a distance of 16.0 ± 0.5 kpc. This would be, therefore, the first high-mass X-ray binary in the Outer Arm at galactic longitudes of between 30° and 60°.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science project number AYA2010-15431, De INTEGRAL a IXO: binarias de rayos X y estrellas activas. J.J.R.R. acknowledges the support by the Spanish Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia under grant PR2009-0455